scholarly journals Awareness and Perception of Undergraduate Students towards Risk Associated with Wireless Electromagnetic Field Radiation Exposure in Enugu, South-East Nigeria: A Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emeka Kevin Mgbe ◽  
Chinenye Glory Mgbe ◽  
Chuks Enyereibe Ajare ◽  
Amaka Obiageli Nnamani
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Telecommunication Equipment

Introduction: Use of telecommunication equipment (cell phone or mobile phone, tablets, walkie-talkie, ipads, ipods, android) has been on the increase globally. There is an estimate of over 145 million active subscribers on record in Nigeria. Hence, there is need for correct information about the associated risk of Electromagnetic Field (EMF) exposure of equipment so as to curb its debilitating effects. Aim: To evaluate the level of awareness and perceived health risks of EMFs exposure (Radiation) among undergraduate students’ of various discipline. Materials and Methods: The Health Belief Model (HBM) was used with descriptive cross-sectional research design from March 2017 to November 2018 to evaluate awareness and perception of EMF radiation exposure. Structured questionnaire, focus group discussion and in-depth interviews with a predominantly 1-5 scale grading was applied for data collection. Data analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 14 with correlation coefficient (r) and Chi-square test (χ2) of p-value <0.05 as significant. Results: A total of 576 undergraduate students from six tertiary institutions in Enugu State, Eastern Nigeria were recruited for the study. A total of 43% were males while 57% were females. Even though majority (93.9%) of the respondents rightly defined the meaning of EMF as a wave that transmits energy through space or material medium, only 34.6% had significant awareness of the radiation effect of this equipment. About 82% of respondents kept their telecommunication equipment close to their body thereby increasing exposure to EMF. The correlation coefficient (r) is 0.806 and the p-value <0.05 shows that there is a high positive relationship between risk reduction strategies like use of hand-free/ear piece etc., and level of awareness among students. There was significant positive correlation between awareness of EMF radiation and faculty of studies as well between perceived EMF risk and year of study (Each p-value <0.05). Conclusion: Increase in the level of health education is a key to reduction of risk of EMF exposure (Radiation) among undergraduate telecommunication equipment users and this invariably applies to the entire general population.

Prevalence of alcohol use and associated factors among Dilla University Students, Dilla Town, Southern Ethiopia. 2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yigrem Ali Chekole
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
The University

Abstract Introduction Compared to other deadly communicable diseases, Psychoactive Substance use is among the leading cause of death. Repeated use linked to addiction, dependence and predisposition for criminal and antisocial behaviors. Even though drug use in Africa relatively is short; however the abuse of drug in Africa is escalating rapidly. Substances use is also one of the most burning and growing public health problems in Ethiopia, as in many developing countries; alcohol is the most frequently used substance. Objective To Assess the Prevalence of alcohol Use and Associated factors among Dilla University undergraduate students in Southern Ethiopia. 2018. Methods An Institution based cross -sectional study was conducted at Dilla University among undergraduate regular students from January-February. Systematic random sampling technique was used to get a total of 803 samples of students from each year and department of the university. The collected data was coded, entered in to EPI-INFO version7.1 and analyzed by using SPSS version 20. Crude and adjusted OR were analyzed using logistic regression and the level of significance of association was determined at P- value <0.05. Result A total of 803 participants were interviewed with a response rate of 91.7%. Among the Participants, alcohol use was found to be 67.6%. (41.8%; n=336). Being 4 th year students (AOR =2.66, 95% CI: 1.64, 4.31), having friends who use substance (AOR=1.53, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.1), being Khat user (AOR= 1.48, 95% CI: 1.05, 2.09) and being Cigarette smoker (AOR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.84) were found to be significantly associated with alcohol use. Conclusion Half of the participants found to have alcohol use. Therefore, early prevention, detection and alleviating of alcohol use should be implemented among students in the university.

scholarly journals Knowledge, behaviour and attitudes towards Chagas disease among the Bolivian migrant population living in Japan: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e032546
Author(s):  
Inés María Iglesias Rodríguez ◽  
Shusaku Mizukami ◽  
Dao Huy Manh ◽  
Tieu Minh Thuan ◽  
Hugo Alberto Justiniano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Educational Activity ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
P Value ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Migrant Population ◽  
Cross Sectional

ObjectivesThis study aimed to investigate the knowledge, behaviour and attitudes towards Chagas disease (CD) among Latin American migrants in Japan and to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational activity (EA) in increasing knowledge of CD.DesignA cross-sectional, mixed-methods study employing a preknowledge and postknowledge test and focus group discussion, conducted from March 2018 to June 2018.ParticipantsSeventy-two participants were included, all born in Bolivia and residents in four Japanese cities. Fifty-nine of them participated in the EA.InterventionsThe EA comprised showing three videos about CD and a group discussion covering different dimensions of CD and was evaluated with questionnaires to analyse the knowledge of the participants before and after.ResultsSeventy-two participants were enrolled, predominantly from highly endemic CD areas of Bolivia. Though most participants were familiar with vector-borne transmission, epidemiology and symptomatology of CD, the baseline knowledge of CD was low. Less than 10% of them had been tested prior for CD. The dominant factors associated with better knowledge were living in Japan for more than 10 years (OR=8.42, 95% CI 1.56 to 48.62) and previously testing for CD (OR=11.32; 95% CI 1.52 to 105.9). The EA significantly improved the CD knowledge of the participants (p value <0.0001; 95% CI 2.32 to 3.84). The participants associated the term ‘Chagas’ mostly with fear and concern. The level of stigmatisation was low, in contrast to the results of other studies. The barriers encountered in care-seeking behaviour were language, the migration process and difficulties to access the healthcare system.ConclusionEA with an integrative approach is useful to increase the knowledge of CD within the Bolivian migrant population living in Japan. The activity brings the possibility to explore not only the level of knowledge but also to reveal experiences and to understand the needs of the people at risk. Considering them as actors towards healthcare solutions could lead to better outcomes for the success of future policies and interventions aimed to decrease the global burden.

scholarly journals The Association between Behavioral Problems with SelfEsteem and Self-Concept in Pediatric Patients with Thalassemia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seyed Mohamad Kazem Nourbakhsh ◽  
Minoo Atamanesh ◽  
Mohammad Effatpanah ◽  
Mona Salehi ◽  
Morteza Heidari
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Behavioral Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Thalassemia Major ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Behavioral Disorder ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective: High prevalence of behavioral and psychological disorders in children with thalassemia can be associated with a decrease in the self-esteem of patients and can completely alter the person's self-concept. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of behavioral problems and its relationship with self-esteem and self-concept in patients with thalassemia major aged 6 to 18 years. Method: In a cross-sectional study, 30 patients with thalassemia major at the age of 6 to 18 years were enrolled. behavioral problems, self-esteem, and self-concept were evaluated by the child's behavioral check list at the ages of 6 to 18 years (CBCL 6-18), the Coopersmith's Self-Esteem Inventory, and the Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale. Results: A total of 10.0% of patients had behavioral disorders, 3 (10.0%) desirable self-esteem, 15 (50.0%) moderate self-esteem, and 12 (40.0%) poor self-esteem. There was a strong but adverse correlation between behavioral disorder score and both self-esteem score (correlation coefficient equal to -0.886, p value = 0.001) and self-concept score (correlation coefficient equal to -0.498, p value = 0.001), and thus those patients with behavioral disorder had less appropriate self-esteem and self-concept. Conclusion: The incidence of behavioral disorders is associated with decreased self-esteem and poor self-concept in these patients. Therefore, improvement in behavioral disorders can be expected by improving self-esteem and selfconcept in such patients.

scholarly journals Association between Smoking and Academic Performance among Under-Graduate Students of Pakistan, A Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sana Ullah ◽  
Siham Sikander ◽  
Mudassar Mushtaq Jawad Abbasi ◽  
Syed Aftab Rahim ◽  
Babar Hayat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Academic Performance ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Prevalence of smoking is on the rise and its harmful effects on every organ of body are well known. Smoking is a growing concern due to adverse effects on health, its association with academic performance is not well studied. Objectives This study aims to assess the prevalence of smoking among undergraduate students of age 18-24 years in a public sector university of Islamabad, association between smoking and academic performance and also to assess the reasons of smoking initiation among undergraduate students. Methods The study included 500 undergraduate students. A self-report structured questionnaire was used to assess smoking, dietary habits, physical activity, parent’s smoking, friend’s smoking, time spent on mobile and TV and academic performance for collection of data. Logistic regression was used for association between smoking and academic performance. Results Results of study show that 112/500 (22.4%) students were smokers among them 93/112 (34.6%) were males and 19/112 (8.2%) were females. The mean age of study participants was 21.50 years (SD: 1.72. Prevalence of smoking was higher in students belonging to rural areas 23.5% to that of urban areas 21.9%. Three major reasons of smoking initiation; 25% students stated peers and friends, 21% stated easy availability while 14% said it was fun and enjoyment they started smoking. High academic performance was found to be inversely proportional to student’s smoking; at p-value 0.000 smokers had 2.5 (1.77, 3.74) odds of lower academic performance, boys having 2.17 (1.56, 3.03) odds of lower academic performance in last semester exams. Conclusion Findings highlighted extensive cigarette smoking among undergraduate students of Islamabad. Smoking is significantly and negatively associated with academic performance.

scholarly journals Frequency and Severity of Imposter Syndrome among Medical Students of a Private Medical College

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Ambreen Khalid ◽  
Adeela Shahid ◽  
Khalid Rahim Khan
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Female Students ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Medical Undergraduate ◽  
Degree Of Severity

Background: Students suffering from imposter syndrome/phenomenon (IP) consider themselves less competent and less skill full as compared to the abilities they actually possess. Although previous research has identified different causes of stress and burnout less research has been conducted to determine the frequency of imposter syndrome among medical undergraduate students. Objectives: (1) To determine the frequency and the degree of severity of Imposter syndrome among medical students. (2) To find out the association of Gender with imposter syndrome. (3) To evaluate the difference in the severity of imposter syndrome between 1st and 2nd-year MBBS students. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted on 140 1st and 2nd-year MBBS students of Shalamar Medical and Dental College, Lahore. A convenient sampling technique was used. The study instrument used was a validated questionnaire (Clance IP Scale) containing 20 items with 5 points Likert scale. By adding up the score, the degree of severity is determined. Frequencies & percentages were determined, chi-square applied, p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: One hundred and 40 students filled the IP Scale questionnaire. The frequency of imposter syndrome was 53.3% among medical students. The majority (85%) of the medical students had frequent to intense imposter characteristics. A higher number of female students was affected by imposter phenomenon as compared to males. Greater number of 1st-year students were suffering from imposter syndrome as compared to 2nd-year students. Conclusions: Frequency of imposter syndrome was high among medical students. Its severity ranges from moderate to frequent IP categories in majority of students. Female students were affected more as compared to their male counterparts.

scholarly journals A autoimagem, os transtornos mentais comuns e a depressão em estudantes de graduação

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
Tarciso de Figueiredo Palma ◽  
Sara Maria Alves Ribeiro ◽  
Vitória Maria Teixeira Santos
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Image ◽  
Suicidal Ideas

Este estudo objetivou analisar a preocupação com a imagem corporal, os transtornos mentais comuns e a depressão. Foi realizado um estudo de corte transversal analítico e exploratório, com 117 estudantes de graduação em uma instituição do interior da Bahia. Estimou-se as prevalências das variáveis estudadas, testou-se as associações, através do qui-quadrado e foi usada a regressão logística binária para ajustes das variáveis. A ideação suicida apresentou prevalência alta (18,8%) em comparação a preocupação exagerada com a autoimagem (13,4%). As prevalências de Depressão Maior e de TMC foram, respectivamente, de 39,3% e 54,7%. Houve associação significativa com TMC para: sexo feminino (RP = 2,9; 1,5 – 5,4), realizar atividade física menos que duas vezes por semana (RP = 1,6; 1,1 – 2,3), estar desempregado (RP = 1,5; 1,1 – 2,2). Já para a depressão maior, houve significância para: realizar atividade física menos que duas vezes por semana (RP = 1,9; 1,2 – 3,1), estar desempregado (RP = 1,9; 1,2 – 3,1), ter ideias suicidas (RP = 2,1; 1,4 – 3,1) e ter preocupação exagerada com a autoimagem (RP = 2,2; 1,5 – 3,3), mesmo quando ajustado por idade e sexo (p-valor = 0,015). ABSTRACTThis study aimed to analyze the concern with body image, common mental disorders and depression. An analytical and exploratory cross-sectional study was carried out with 117 undergraduate students at an institution in the countryside of Bahia. The prevalence of the variables studied was estimated, associations were tested using the chi-square and binary logistic regression was used to adjust the variables. Suicidal ideation had a high prevalence (18.8%) in comparison to the exaggerated concern with self-image (13.4%). The prevalence of Major Depression and CMD were 39.3% and 54.7%, respectively. There was a significant association with CMD for: female gender (PR = 2.9; 1.5 - 5.4), performing physical activity less than twice a week (PR = 1.6; 1.1 - 2.3), being unemployed (PR = 1.5; 1.1 - 2.2). For major depression, there was significance for: performing physical activity less than twice a week (PR = 1.9; 1.2 - 3.1), being unemployed (PR = 1.9; 1.2 - 3, 1), having suicidal ideas (PR = 2.1; 1.4 - 3.1) and being overly concerned with self-image (PR = 2.2; 1.5 - 3.3), even when adjusted for age and gender (p-value = 0.015).

scholarly journals COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy among University Students in Lebanon

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirna Bou Hamdan ◽  
Shipra Singh ◽  
Mounika Polavarapu ◽  
Timothy Jordan ◽  
Nada Melhem
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Reference Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
American University ◽  
Residency Status ◽  
Acceptance Rates ◽  
Social Marketing Campaigns

Abstract Background Lebanon has one of the lowest reported COVID-19 vaccine acceptance rates (21%). Little is known about the decision-making process of college students in Lebanon regarding obtaining a COVID-19 vaccination. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify factors that predicted the behavioral intentions of students enrolled at the American University of Beirut (AUB), Lebanon to obtain a COVID-19 vaccine. Methods The study was a randomized, non-experimental, and cross-sectional study of undergraduate and graduate students. A valid and reliable survey was developed. A total of 3,805 students were randomly selected to participate from all academic units. A total of 800 students responded (21% return rate). Results We generated three groups based on students’ intentions to be vaccinated: 1) vaccine accepting (those who are willing to take or already took the vaccine); 2) vaccine hesitant (those who are hesitant to take the vaccine); and 3) vaccine resistant (those who decided not to take the vaccine). The majority were Lebanese (85%), undergraduate students (75%), females (57%) with a mean age of 21 ± 0.14 years. Overall, students were vaccine accepting. Specifically, they were vaccine accepting (87%), vaccine hesitant (10%), and vaccine resistant (3%). Vaccine hesitancy was significantly associated with nationality, residency status and university rank (p value < 0.05). Moreover, there was a significant association between hesitancy and agreement with conspiracies. A significant factor for hesitancy was disagreement with the statement that symptomatic cases are the only carriers of COVID-19 (OR = 5; 95% CI = 1.67–14.29; p value = 0.004). Students believed that that the vaccine was safe (OR = 0.01; 95% CI = 0.002–0.08; p value = 0.000); in agreement with their personal views (OR = 0.1; 95% CI = 0.02–0.51; p value = 0.004) and were less likely to be hesitant than the vaccine accepting group (reference group). Conclusion The factors identified that explain and/or predict each of the three vaccine intention groups can be used as core content for health communication and social marketing campaigns to increase the rate of COVID-19 vaccination.

scholarly journals Scale of Perception and Analysis of Reading Fluency - SOLAR: usability and consistency

Revista CEFAC ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Mendonça Alves ◽  
Rafael Teixeira Scoralick Dias ◽  
Júlia Barcelos Lara ◽  
Luiz Felipe dos Santos ◽  
Leticia Corrêa Celeste ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Reading Fluency ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reading Methods

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze the consistency of responses of evaluators and to verify the usability of the perception and analysis of SOLAR (Science of Language and Reading) Methods: a non-experimental descriptive cross-sectional study. Elementary school teachers and undergraduate students of speech therapy and pedagogy participated as the judges. The judges used the SOLAR Scale as an instrument to analyze the reading fluency of twenty audios recorded by elementary school students. Usability comparisons were performed using the Kruskal Wallis test and two-by-two comparisons using the Mann Whitney test. To analyze the consistency of the responses between the judges, the calculation of the interclass correlation coefficient was used. Results: the analysis of the reliability of the answers showed an excellent intraclass correlation coefficient for all the skills of the Scale. As for the usability of the Scale, more than 80% of the participants positively evaluated the assessment. This was verified through the usability questionnaires which confirmed that it was easy to use, with clear guidelines and that users felt comfortable and confident using it. Conclusion: SOLAR obtained good results in reliability and consistency with excellent agreement between the evaluators. These results indicated satisfactory reliability of the SOLAR items and favorable qualitative ratings from users.

scholarly journals Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practices of personal and oral hygiene among undergraduate university students in Sulaimani city

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
Akam Mustafa Hasan ◽  
Mardin Othman Abdulqadir
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Undergraduate University Students ◽  
Sanitary Conditions

Poor hygiene performance and insufficient sanitary conditions assume real parts in the expanded weight of communicable diseases inside developing nations. Lack of resources such as hand washing materials, water and sanitation facilities may be essential factors why students do not wash their hands, also struggling of affordable toothpaste and absence of awareness regarding oral hygiene may be affected by improper cleaning teeth and tongue. This study was carried out to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of personal and oral hygiene among undergraduate university students in Sulaimani city /Iraq and evaluated the degree to which appropriate information of hygiene was related with individual hygiene character. This cross-sectional study was carried out among 1055 undergraduate students who were met via trained staff. Data comprised of cleanliness and hand washing practices, learning about sanitation, individual cleanliness qualities, nearness of gastrointestinal parasitic disease, oral and dental diseases including dental decay and bad breathes. University students with satisfactory information of legitimate personal and oral hygiene probably had clean clothes 68.8% (P value < 0.05), clean hair 72% (0.0001 P value), fingernail trimmed 139% (P value> 0.05), clean teeth 59.4% (P value <0.05), good mouth breath 57% (P value <0.05). Approximately 57.2% of students were delegated having sufficient information of legitimate cleanliness (P value <0.05). Most students preferred hand washing after defecation (96.5%) (P value <0.05), while 93.8% revealed utilizing shampoo. On the other hand 62.7% of contributors reported brushing their teeth before going to sleep (P value <0.05) and 74% of participants revealed cleaning their tongue sometimes (P value< 0.01). this study discovered  underscore the requirement for more cleanliness training in universities; and give target confirm that may direct the improvement of far reaching personal, oral hygiene and health mediation programs in Sulaimani universities. Furthermore the effective usage of this study is probably going to significantly weaken the transmissible diseases.

scholarly journals Awareness of COVID-19 amongst undergraduate dental students in India – A questionnaire based cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rhea Vivek Kashid ◽  
Asawari Awadhut Shidhore ◽  
Mohammad Mukhit Kazi ◽  
Sameer Patil
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
P Value ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Online Portal

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease caused by SARS-COV2, a potentially fatal disease has become a global public health concern. As the understanding of this novel disease is evolving, dental students and professionals should have an in-depth knowledge and understanding and should be updated with the practices that have to be adapted to identify a possible COVID-19 infection. Aim and Objectives To assess awareness about COVID-19 amongst undergraduate dental students. Material and methods A 28-item self-administered close ended questionnaire assessing awareness about COVID-19 was shared through online portal. Statistical analysis was performed at 95% confidence intervals with p value <0.05; statistically significant. Results The maximum number of students were in the average knowledge category (48.9%), followed by good knowledge (47.5%) Our results show that the overall mean knowledge score of all the undergraduate students was 12.67 (+ 2.98), which comes under the category “Good”. The practice domain states that most of the students were first informed of the disease through media. Conclusion The undergraduate dental students in different colleges in India are well aware of the different clinical aspects of the disease. More emphasis should be put on updating their knowledge regarding the diagnosis and treatment component of the COVID-19 disease.

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