Co-morbidities of Nocturia among Adults: A Cross-sectional Study in Southern India

Introduction: Night urination severely impacts the quality of life among adults. Coexisting factors such as age, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, cardiac diseases, UTI, asthma, anxiety, and depression are significantly related when voiding episodes exceed two per night. However, understanding its associated factors are essential aspects in the management of Nocturia. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the association of nocturia with selected demographic variables, co-morbidities, and the precipitating factors among adults with voiding episodes two or more times and adults who void only once at night. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design was carried out among 420 adults of age 35-65 years with voiding over two times (Group I) and 206 adults of age 35-65 years who voided only once (Group II) a night. The data was collected from two selected hospitals of Mangalore between January 2018 and June 2019. The written permission was taken from the concerned authority, after obtaining the informed consent from the subjects. The baseline proforma was assessed by the researcher using structured interview schedule and the questionnaire on co-morbidity and precipitating factors such as regular intake of alcoholism, smoking, consumption of coffee, spicy food, anxiety, urinate before bedtime, use of diuretics, day time frequency, underwent surgeries was filled by the subjects. The data was analysed using frequency, percentage, Chi-square test, and logistic regression statistics by Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 16. Results: The study observed that the risk of nocturia was significantly higher among Group I subjects with Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), constipation, hypertension, and on medication for various diseases compared with Group II. The precipitating factors of nocturia revealed that Group I subjects who regularly took coffee, spicy food, had anxiety, daytime frequency, and had undergone various surgeries showed significant difference associated with increased risk of nocturia compared with Group II. Conclusion: The study findings demonstrate that nocturia is strongly associated with multiple co-morbidities and precipitating factors. These results therefore provide evidence to establish the primary and secondary preventive strategies among adults with nocturia.

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TO STUDY THE ONSET AND PROGRESSION OF AIRWAY ABNORMALITY IN TERMS OF ALTERATION IN PFT IN ASYMPTOMATIC SMOKERS.

International Journal of Medical and Biomedical Studies ◽

10.32553/ijmbs.v3i11.748 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (11) ◽

Author(s):

Dr. Hitesh Kumar Solanki ◽

Dr. Omnath P Yadav ◽

Dr. Anita J Gojiya

Keyword(s):

Lung Function ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

History Of ◽

Young Smokers ◽

The Mean ◽

Group Ii

The study was conducted in department of physiology, B J Medical College, Ahmedabad from Mar. 2012 to Feb. 2013. This was a cross-sectional study to evaluate the effect of smoking on lung function and serum lipids in asymptomatic smokers and comparable non smokers. The mean of the various spirometric parameters were calculated of the subjects for both the groups. The mean FVC in group I and group II was 2.60 ± 0.62 L and 4.10 ± 0.64L respectively. The mean FEV1 in group I was 1.91 ± 0.57L and 3.19 ± 0.77L in group II Group I had mean FEF25% - 75% and PEFR of 1.98 ± 0.67L/sec and 4.50 ± 1.57L/sec respectively. Group II had mean FEF25 – 75% of 4.22 ± 1.23L/sec and a mean PEFR of 7.22 ± 1.42L/sec. In young smokers and asymptomatic, still the spirometric values were significantly deranged as compared to controls. Even smokers with history of less pack years of smoking also had significant abnormalities of lung function. All he spirometric values in the two groups had statistically highly significant difference and were higher in non-smokers as compared to smokers. The spirometric values were reduced in smokers with history of smoking for as low as two pack years. Keywords: Progression, PFT, Asymptomatic & Smokers

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Correlation between extraintestinal manifestations and clinical parameters with the histologic activity index in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases

Vojnosanitetski pregled ◽

10.2298/vsp1310947s ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 70 (10) ◽

pp. 947-952

Author(s):

Milos Stulic ◽

Djordje Culafic ◽

Dragana Mijac ◽

Goran Jankovic ◽

Ivana Jovicic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Activity ◽

Clinical Laboratory ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Activity Index ◽

Clinical Parameters ◽

Extraintestinal Manifestations ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group Ii

Bacground/Aim. Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are chronic, idiopathic, inflammatory diseases of the digestive tract. The aim of this study was to determine a possible correlation between the clinical parameters of the disease activity degree and the presence of extraintestinal manifestations with disease activity histopathological degree, in patients presented with CD and UC. Methods. This cross-sectional study included 134 patients (67 with CD and UC, respectively) treated at the Clinic of Gastroenterology, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade. After clinical, laboratory, endoscopic, histopathologic and radiologic diagnostics, the patients were divided into two groups according to their histopathological activity. The group I comprised 79 patients whose values of five-grade histopathological activity were less than 5 (45 with CD and 34 with UC), while the group II consisted of 55 patients with the values higher than 5 (22 with CD and 33 with UC). The CD activity index (CDAI) and Truelove and Witts' scale of UC were used for clinical evaluation of the disease activity. Results. CD extraintestinal manifestations were present in 28.9% and 63.6% of the patients in the groups I and II, respectively (p < 0.05). Comparison of the mean CDAI values found a significant difference between these two patients groups (the group I: 190.0 ? 83.0, the group II: 263.4 ? 97.6; p < 0.05). No correlation of extraintestinal manifestations of the disease, Truelove and Witts' scale and histological activity was found in UC patients (p > 0.05). Conclusion. In the patients presented with CD, the extraintestinal manifestations with higher CDAI suggested a higher degree of histopathological activity. On the contrary, in the UC patients, Truelove and Witts' scale and extraintestinal manifestations were not valid predictors of the disease histopathological activity.

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Effect of maternal BMI on labor outcomes in primigravida pregnant women

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-021-04236-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Eissa Khalifa ◽

Alaa El-Sateh ◽

Mohamed Zeeneldin ◽

Ahmed M. Abdelghany ◽

Mahmoud Hosni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Active Phase ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Group Iii ◽

Second Stage Of Labor ◽

Group I ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Group Ii ◽

Labor Outcomes

Abstract Background This study aims to detect the effects of increased BMI on labor outcomes in primigravida pregnant women. Methods A cross-sectional study involved 600 full-term singleton primigravida pregnant women who presented in the active phase of labor to the labor ward. They were divided according to BMI into three equals groups; women with normal BMI (group I), overweight women (group II), and women with class I obesity (group III). Results We found that high BMI was associated with a significantly increased risk of Caesarean section (C.S.) (13% in group I, 18% in group II and 40% in group III). Women with higher BMI and delivered vaginally had a significantly prolonged first and second stage of labor, consequently increased the need for oxytocin augmentation as well as the oxytocin dose. Regarding the maternal and fetal outcomes, there are significantly increased risks of postpartum sepsis, perineal tears, wound infection, as well as significantly increased birth weight and longer neonatal stay in the neonatal unit (NNU). Conclusion Obese primigravida pregnant women were at higher risk of suboptimal outcomes. Besides, prolonged first and second stages of labor and the incidence of C.S. have also been increased.

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Sociodemographic profile and quality of life of active older adults belonging to a physical exercise program and sedentary elderly, linked to a basic health unit

International Archives of Medicine ◽

10.3823/2346 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Francisco Dimitre Rodrigo Pereira Santos ◽

Simony Fabíola Lopes Nunes ◽

Marluce Alves Coutinho ◽

Leila Rute Oliveira Gurgel do Amaral ◽

Floriacy Stabnow Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Physical Exercise ◽

Elderly People ◽

Life Questionnaire ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Sociodemographic Profile ◽

Group Ii

Objective: To identify the sociodemographic profile and to compare the quality of life of elderly people who practice physical exercises in a group with sedentary elderly. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, composed of two groups: Group I consisted of 50 elderly people practicing physical exercise in a group; and Group II composed of 50 sedentary elderlies. Data were collected through two questionnaires; one questionnaire focused on the sociodemographic data survey and the SF-36 quality of life questionnaire. The data were analyzed by the BioEstat 5.0 program using the Z-Test. Results: Group I had better scores in the domains, limitations due to physical aspects and general health, in the other domains, group II had better scores. Factor that can be attributed to the modality of the physical exercise performed by group I that was in the group I and by the form of the allocation of the sample. Conclusion: The women were mostly in group I, and both groups were comprised of seniors over 61 years old, widowers and retirees. Statistically, only the general state of health showed a significant difference between the two groups.

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Degree Of Proteinuria In Post-Icteric State Of Hepatitis E Virus (Hev) Infected Patients

Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh ◽

10.3329/jafmc.v7i2.10395 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 37-39

Author(s):

W Nargis ◽

BU Ahamed ◽

S Zabeen ◽

F Alam ◽

MA Wahab ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis E Virus ◽

Hepatitis E ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Urinary Protein ◽

Age Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Mean ◽

Group Ii

Introduction: Nephropathies, as one of the multiple extrahepatic features of Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection, can occur in clinically improved HEV hepatitis patients which in majority of the cases remain clinically silent for a long period. By the time these are reported, patients have already developed renal insufficiency which may even lead to renal replacement therapy. Proteinuria, a simple test in practice, can be a useful tool for early detection of the underlying renal impairment. Objective: The aim of this study was to detect the presence of proteinuria and to evaluate the degree of proteinuria in HEV- hepatitis patients during post-icteric state. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted on 50 diagnosed patients of clinically improved HEV-hepatitis at the Department of Biochemistry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) with active cooperation of the Department of Hepatology, BSMMU, between July 2006 and June 2007. Cases were chosen carefully, to exclude the acute state of illness and the patients of HEV were selected during their third or fourth follow-up, in their post-icteric phase. The study subjects were grouped according to equal age ranges in group-I (18-26 year) and group-II (27-35 year). Depending on the level of spot urinary protein (mg/dl) the subjects were also categorized as having trace, mild and moderate proteinuria. Results: The mean age of HEV infected subjects was 24.72±2.59 years. The mean spot urinary protein in age group-II patients was raised compared to age group-I and the difference was highly significant (p<0.001). Moreover, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) of spot urinary protein of male and female. Majority of HEV patients (42%) presented with mild proteinuria and mostly (53.3%) was of age group-I. Conclusion: Spot urinary protein concentration should be checked in every HEV- hepatitis patient to detect the presence and level of proteinuria. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v7i2.10395 JAFMC 2011; 7(2): 37-39

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Prevalence of Lower Back Pain in Pregnant Women with Pre-Eclampsia

10.53350/pjmhs211592773 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (9) ◽

pp. 2773-2776

Author(s):

Parveen Shafi ◽

Rahim Khan ◽

Tariq Ahmad ◽

Syed Alam Zeb ◽

Ahsan Sajjad

Keyword(s):

Back Pain ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Lower Back Pain ◽

Gestational Age ◽

Domestic Work ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Lower Back ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group Ii

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of lower back pain in pregnant women with pre-eclampsia. Study Design: Cross sectional study Place and Duration: Mardan Medical Complex/BKMC, Tahseel Headquarter Hospital, Takht Bhai Mardan, Swabi Medical Complex /GKMC, from October 2019 to October 2021. Methods: Total 160 pregnant women were presented in this study. Patients were aged between 18-45 years. Detailed demographics of enrolled cases age, body mass index, gestational age, and residency and education status were calculated after taking informed written consent. Patients were divided into two groups. Group I had 80 patients with pre-eclampsia and group II had 80 patients with normotensive. Gravidity among both groups was assessed. Symptoms and prevalence of lower back pain among both groups were assessed and compared. Complete data was analyzed by SPSS 22.0 version. Results: Mean age of the patients in group I was 27.09±5.66 years with mean gestational age 33.14±7.41 weeks while in group II mean age was 26.55±8.26 years with mean gestational age 32.47±8.33 weeks. Thirty seven patients (46.3%) in group I was primigravida and 40 (50%) in group II was primigravida. Thirty nine patients (48.8%) had urban residency in group I and in group II thirty seven (46.3%) cases were from urban area. Frequency of literacy among both groups were 42 (52.5%) and 44 (55%). Prevalence of lower back pain in group I was 55 (68.8%) higher as compared to group II 53 (66.3%) with no any significant difference. Domestic work was the most common cause among both groups followed by social work (Job), lifting of heavy object and medication pain. Conclusion: We concluded in this study the prevalence of lower back pain among pregnant women was significantly high among both pre-eclampsia and normotensive cases. Most common causes of lower back among women was domestic work. Health professionals must be proactive in diagnosing LBP and providing proper management due to the enormous impact of it on the quality of life. Keywords: Pregnant Women, Low Back Pain, Prevalence, Symptoms, causes.

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Serum level of il-6 in patients of type-ii diabetes mellitus with and without retinopathy: a comparative study

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science ◽

10.3329/bjms.v16i4.33606 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 525-529

Author(s):

Nadeem Afzal ◽

Rasheed Anjum ◽

Ahmed Nadeem ◽

Khursheed Javed ◽

Faheem Shahzad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Serum Level ◽

Medical Science ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Group Iii ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Duration Of Disease ◽

Group Ii

Aim: Pakistan has 6.9 million people with diabetes mellitus (DM) that will be doubled by 2025. A study was designed to determine serum levels of IL-6 in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.Methods: It was a cross-sectional case-control study of 212 subjects. Group-I included 30 subjects without DM, Group-II had 30 T2DM without retinopathy and Group-III had 152 T2DM with retinopathy. IL-6 was determined by ELISA technique. Data was analysed using SPSS 17.0.Results: More females were in Group-II (83%) and Group-III (66%) compared to Group-I (30%). Higher age was in Group-II (49yrs) and Group-III (50yrs) compared to Group-I (34yrs). Mean duration of disease (in years) was more in Group-III (10.51) than Group-II (7.76). Highest mean level of IL-6 was in Group-II, followed by Group-I and Group-III. On comparison, gender, age, duration of disease and the level of IL-6, there was a significant difference while there was no significant difference between percentages of HbA1c. The logistic regression model suggested low levels of IL-6 in patients of diabetic retinopathy was an independent predictor of retinopathy in patients with T2DM.Conclusion: Serum level of IL-6 was low in patients of diabetic retinopathopathy as compared to patients with T2DM without retinopathy.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(4) 2017 p.525-529

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Antidepressants-a possibly risk factor for cataract development: a cross-sectional study

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20171657 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (5) ◽

pp. 1095

Author(s):

Rajnish Raj ◽

Anuradha Raj ◽

Rohit Garg

Keyword(s):

Therapeutic Dose ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Mild Depression ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Group I ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Cataract Development ◽

Antidepressant Use ◽

Group Ii

Background: Few studies have reported the role of antidepressants as cataractogenic in humans.Methods: It’s a hospital based descriptive, cross-sectional study. 45 Patients were screened for antidepressant use and diminution of vision, 6 were dropped out. 39 patients with 78 eyes were finally enrolled. They were divided into two goups i.e., Group-I, with cataract (N=53) and Group-II, without cataract (N=25). Three clusters of antidepressants were assessed e.g., SSRI, SNRI and TCA with therapeutic dose (TD) and non-therapeutic dose (NTD) range. Psychiatric illness was diagnosed on DSM-5 and severity of depression on HAM-D. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was converted from Snellen units to logarithm of minimal angle of resolution (log MAR) for statistical analysis. Cataract changes in eyes were seen on slit-lamp and classified on Lens opacities classification system-III (LOCS-III) criteria.Results: A total 78 eyes of thirty-nine (39) patients were evaluated. Thirty (38.46%) and forty-eight (61.53%) eyes belonged to males and females, respectively. Mean age of males (n=7) was 41.8±2.3 years and females (n=32) 40.2±1.0 years. In Group-I, out of (N=53) eyes that developed cataract 33 were females (62.26%) as compared to males 20 (37.7%). Group -II, out of (N=25) eyes, females without cataract were 15 (60%) as compared to males 10 (40%). Therapeutic dose (TD) of antidepressants (AD) in Group-I had more cataract 37 (69.81%) as compared to non-therapeutic dose (NTD) 16 (30.1%). Most of the eyes with cataract 35 (66.03%) had AD exposure of more than 1 year that was possibly associated with increased risk of cataract development (OR 2.10; 95% CI, 0.79-5.55). Amongst users of antidepressants, SSRI was associated with increased risk of cataract development (OR 2.4; 95% CI, 0.72–7.94) with a female preponderance (OR 1.1; 95% CI, 0.41–2.91). Maximum number of eyes 34 (64.15%) that developed cataract had BCVA of ≥6/12 and minimum of 2 (3.77%) eyes had BCVA of ≤6/36. LOCS-III revealed 38 (71.69%) eyes (71.69%) having peripheral cortical cataract and 15 (28.30%) posterior sub-capsular cataract.Conclusions: There is a possible risk of association of cataract amongst user of antidepressants. The AD use of more than 1 year or longer had increased risk for development of cataract with a female preponderance. The highest risk was observed in the users of SSRI as compared to SNRI and TCA. Treatment exposure with antidepressant was longer for mild depression having more than two episodes.

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Effect of Female Genital Cutting on the Sexual Function among Egyptian Women: A Cross-Sectional Study

Archives of Health Science ◽

10.31829/2641-7456/ahs2021-5(1)-007 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Keyword(s):

Sexual Function ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Female Genital Cutting ◽

Type I ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Genital Cutting ◽

Group Ii ◽

Female Genital

The existing literature on female genital cutting (FGC) is conflicting regarding its effects on sexual functions. The study aims is to evaluate the effects of FGC on the female sexual function. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out between April 2018 and January 2019. We included married women, aged 18-45 years old and sexually active during the last six months. All women were asked to complete the Arabic Female Sexual Function Index (ArFSFI) independently. The cut-off score to define sexual dysfunction on the total FSFI score is 28.1. Then, the gynecologist conducted a thorough clinical examination and a detailed assessment of the type and extent of FGC. Continuous data was expressed in the form of mean±SD while nominal data was expressed in the form of frequency and percentage. Results: The study included 200 women divided into two groups; group (I) FGC, n=127 women and group (II) no FGC, n=73 women. There was no statistically significant difference in sexual function between both groups [91 women (71.7%) in group I vs. 53 women (72.6%) in group II, p=0.511]. The mean total ArFSFI score in group I was 25.8±3.05 vs. 25.4±3.64 in group II (p=0.598). No statistically significant difference in the sexual function between women with type I and type II FGC (p=0.555). Conclusions: FGC is not associated with reduced scores of ArFSFI either in all domain scores or the total score. Moreover, no difference in the scores of the ArFSFI between women with type I or type II FGC.

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Evaluation of Osteocalcin Levels in Saliva of Periodontitis Patients and Their Correlation with the Disease Severity: A Cross-Sectional Study

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1055/s-0040-1710143 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (03) ◽

pp. 352-359

Author(s):

Hamda Shazam ◽

Fouzia Shaikh ◽

Zaheer Hussain ◽

M. Mansoor Majeed ◽

Saba Khan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Loss ◽

Alveolar Bone ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Significance Level ◽

Group I ◽

Study Results ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group Ii

Abstract Objectives The present study aimed to investigate osteocalcin levels in saliva of healthy and periodontitis patients and correlate these levels with periodontitis severity. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in a hospital setup. A total of 95 individuals participated in the study with 46 subjects in group I (healthy individuals) and 49 subjects in group II (mild, moderate, and severe chronic periodontitis patients). A detailed assessment of clinical periodontal parameters and alveolar bone loss was made. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from all study subjects and osteocalcin levels were quantitatively analyzed by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent essay technique. Statistical Analysis One-way analysis of variance, Spearman’s correlation test, and Pearson’s chi-squared test were applied at a significance level of 95%. p-Values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results The results showed a significant association of qualification with group II (p < 0.02). Bone loss scores were also significantly associated with periodontitis severity (p < 0.01). However, no statistically significant difference was observed between group I and group II in terms of mean salivary osteocalcin levels (p = 0.68). Also, an insignificant correlation was also observed between osteocalcin levels and periodontitis severity (p = 0.13). Conclusion The overall study results showed that there was no significant difference between saliva osteocalcin levels of healthy and periodontitis patients. Also, there was a nonsignificant correlation between osteocalcin levels and periodontitis severity. The findings of the present study support the hypothesis that low osteocalcin levels in saliva might be considered as a poor indicator of periodontal disease progression and severity.

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