scholarly journals Prediction of the One Repetition Maximum to Design Strength Training Protocol

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swapna Sugat Jawade
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Accurate Determination ◽  
Accurate Prediction ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Design Strength ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Training Protocol

Accurate measurement of muscle strength is essential to design proper strength training protocol and to find out the efficacy of prescribed strength training protocol on muscle performance. One Repetition Maximum (1RM) is a reliable mean for the measurement of muscle strength. Primary goal of this review article was to explore the methods used in various articles of research databases that investigate the accurate way of estimation of 1RM before the design of strength training protocol. Wide range databases were searched to address articles on prediction of 1RM mentioned in Scopus, Pubmed, MEDLINE, Web of science, Google scholar databases, Wiley online library. Accurate determination of 1RM is based on various variables like gender, age, familiarisation of exercises, selection of predicted load, parts of body assessed (upper or lower limbs), rest interval given between exercise attempt and number of repetitions with percentage of predicted load. Prediction of 1RM varies significantly across different research studies. Based on the articles reviewed, it can be concluded that accurate prediction of 1RM is important to quantify current muscle strength level before one begins with strength training protocol. Many research articles mentioned that calculation of 1RM consists of trial and error, and it can also result into delayed onset of muscle soreness of particular tested muscles. Accurate Prediction of 1RM is important to design strength training protocol and it is also used to find out the efficacy of strength training protocol on muscle performance.

scholarly journals The Influence of the Menstrual Cycle on Muscle Strength and Power Performance

2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanca Romero-Moraleda ◽  
Juan Del Coso ◽  
Jorge Gutiérrez-Hellín ◽  
Carlos Ruiz-Moreno ◽  
Jozo Grgic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Power Performance ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Squat Exercise ◽  
Force Velocity

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the fluctuations of muscle performance in the Smith machine half-squat exercise during three different phases of the menstrual cycle. Thirteen resistance-trained and eumenorrheic women volunteered to participate in the study (58.6 ± 7.8 kg, 31.1 ± 5.5 years). In a pre-experimental test, the half-squat one-repetition maximum (1RM) was measured. Body mass, tympanic temperature and urine concentration of the luteinizing hormone were estimated daily for ~30 days to determine the early follicular phase (EFP), the late follicular phase (LFP), and the mid-luteal phase (MLP) of the menstrual cycle. On the second day of each phase, performance of the Smith machine half-squats was assessed using 20, 40, 60 and 80% of one repetition maximum (1RM). In each load, force, velocity, and power output were measured during the concentric phase of the exercise by means of a rotatory encoder. The data were analyzed using one-way repeated measures ANOVA coupled with magnitude-based inferences. Overall, force, velocity and power output were very similar in all menstrual cycle phases with unclear differences in most of the pairwise comparisons and effect sizes >0.2. The results of this investigation suggest that eumenorrheic females have similar muscle strength and power performance in the Smith machine half-squat exercise during the EFP, LFP, and MLP phases of the menstrual cycle.

scholarly journals Modeling and Simulation to Muscle Strength Training of Lower Limbs Rehabilitation Robots

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 298434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke-Yi Wang ◽  
Cheng-Bao Di ◽  
Xiao-Qiang Tang ◽  
Song Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Modeling And Simulation ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Rehabilitation Robots

scholarly journals Pre-exercise Caffeine Intake Enhances Bench Press Strength Training Adaptations

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica Giráldez-Costas ◽  
Carlos Ruíz-Moreno ◽  
Jaime González-García ◽  
Beatriz Lara ◽  
Juan Del Coso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Peak Velocity ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Training Adaptations ◽  
Training Protocol

Previous research has identified acute caffeine intake as an effective ergogenic aid to enhance velocity and power during bench press exercise. However, no previous investigation has analyzed the effects of chronic intake of caffeine on training adaptations induced by bench press strength training. Thus, the aim of this investigation was to determine the effects of pre-exercise caffeine intake on training adaptations induced by a bench press training protocol. Using a double-blind, randomized experimental design, 16 healthy participants underwent a bench press training protocol for 4 weeks (12 sessions). Seven participants ingested a placebo and nine participants ingested 3 mg/kg/BM of caffeine before each training session. Three days before, and 3 days after the completion of the training protocol, participants performed a one-repetition maximum (1RM) bench press and force-velocity test (from 10 to 100% 1RM). From comparable pre-training values, the strength training similarly increased 1RM in the caffeine and placebo groups (+13.5 ± 7.8% vs. +11.3 ± 5.3%, respectively; p = 0.53). In the caffeine group, the strength training induced a higher mean velocity at 40%, (0.81 ± 0.08 vs. 0.90 ± 0.14 m/s), 60% (0.60 ± 0.06 vs. 0.65 ± 0.06 m/s), 70% (0.47 ± 0.05 vs. 0.55 ± 0.06 m/s), 80% (0.37 ± 0.06 vs. 0.45 ± 0.05 m/s), 90% (0.26 ± 0.07 vs. 0.34 ± 0.06 m/s), and 100% 1RM (0.14 ± 0.04 vs. 0.25 ± 0.05 m/s; p < 0.05) while the increases in the placebo group were evident only at 30 (0.95 ± 0.06 vs. 1.03 ± 0.07 m/s), 70% (0.51 ± 0.03 vs. 0.57 ± 0.05 m/s) and 80% 1RM (0.37 ± 0.06 vs. 0.45 ± 0.05 m/s) (p < 0.05). The placebo group only increased peak velocity at 60 and 70% 1RM (p < 0.05) while peak velocity increased at 10%, and from 30 to 100% 1RM in the caffeine group (p < 0.05). The use of 3 mg/kg/BM of caffeine before exercise did not modify improvements in 1RM obtained during a 4 week bench press strength training program but induced more muscle performance adaptations over a wider range of load.

scholarly journals Effects of short-term strength training on body composition, muscle strength and functional capacity of elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Osvaldo Costa Moreira ◽  
Claudia Eliza Patrocínio de Oliveira ◽  
Sergio Maroto-Izquierdo ◽  
María José Cuevas ◽  
José Antonio De Paz
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Effect Estimate ◽  
Term Strength ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Strength

To examine the effects of short-term strength training (STST) on different manifestations of muscle strength in the lower limbs, functional capacity and body composition of people 65 years old or older. We searched the electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane) to identify all publications using STST (up to 12 weeks) in people aged 65 or older, published in the last five years, prior to May 2018. Results were analyzed as continuous data using random effects to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) and the 95% confidence interval (95%CI). 28 studies with 921 subjects met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. These works were grouped into three categories for analysis: Muscular Strength, Functional Capacity and Body Composition. In Muscular Strength category, the overall pooled effect estimate was 0.95 (95%CI: 0.63; 1.26), with a significant STST effect (Z= 5.93; p<0.001), over the different strength manifestations analyzed. In Functional Capacity category, the STST decreased the Time Up-and-Go test run time (SMD: -1.01; 95%CI: -1.56; -0.47) and increased the repetitions’ number performed in 30-s chair-stand test (SMD: 1.07, 95% CI: 0.79, 1.34). In Body Composition category, the overall pooled effect estimate was 0.13 (95%CI: -0.16; 0.42), without finding a significant effect of STST (Z= 0.87; p= 0.38). STST has a moderate to large effect in improving the different manifestations of muscle strength and functional capacity. However, this type of intervention has no effect on body composition.

scholarly journals The six-minute stepper test is related to muscle strength but cannot substitute for the one repetition maximum to prescribe strength training in patients with COPD

2019 ◽  
Vol Volume 14 ◽  
pp. 767-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tristan Bonnevie ◽  
Mathilde Allingham ◽  
Guillaume Prieur ◽  
Yann Combret ◽  
David Debeaumont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
The One

scholarly journals Isometric hip muscle strength in posttraumatic below-knee amputees

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 807-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slavica Jandric
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Medical Rehabilitation ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
War Injuries ◽  
Hip Muscle ◽  
Hip Muscles ◽  
Isometric Muscle

Background/Aim. Traumas and war injuries, next to chronic occlusive artery disease and diabetes mellitus-derived complications, are the most frequent cause of the lower limbs amputation. They affect mostly younger population that need a higher level of activities as compared with the elderly. Medical rehabilitation is very significant for the muscle performance improvement in this population providing their social reintegration. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of below-knee amputation on the hip isometric muscle strength and effect of rehabilitation on improvement of hip muscle strength in below-knee amputees, secondary to war wounding. Methods. Forty below-knee amputees (after war wounding), average age 35.6?10.6 years, that were included in primary rehabilitation program with prosthetics, were examined. Objective parameters were used to evaluate therapeutical effects. Isometric muscle strength of hip flexors, extensors, abductors and adductors was measured by dynamometer and expressed in Newton (N) at admission, control and discharge for each patient. Average length of the treatment was 51 ? 34.1 days. Results. For isometric hip flexors (t = - 1.99346, p < 0.05), extensors (t = -4.629073, p < 0.001), abductors (t = -4.9408, p < 0.001) and adductors (t = -2.00228, p < 0.05), muscle strength was significantly less on the amputated than on nonamputated side. The highest differences in muscle strength between amputated and nonamputated limbs were noted for hip abductors (26.6%) and extensors (23.3%). There was significant improvement of mean values of strength for all examined hip muscles after rehabilitation and prosthetics for both legs in comparison to beginning of the therapy. The hip abductor on the amputated side was for 19.4% weaker after rehabilitation in comparison to the nonamputated limb. Conclusion. Decreases of isometric muscle strength in all examined hip muscles were observed, more in the amputated limb. Rehabilitation with prosthetics is a successful method for improving isometric hip muscle strength on the both, amputated and non-amputated limbs in war wounded below-knee amputees.

scholarly journals Impact of Training Protocols on Lifting Velocity Recovery in Resistance Trained Males and Females

Sports ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 157
Author(s):  
Christian Houmann Amdi ◽  
Daniel John Cleather ◽  
Jamie Tallent
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Sex Difference ◽  
Effect Size ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Training Protocol

It has been suggested that sex differences exist in recovery following strength training. This study aimed to investigate the differences in recovery kinetics between resistance trained males and females following two different back squat (BSq) protocols. The first protocol (eight females and eight males) consisted of five sets of five repetitions at 80% of their one-repetition maximum (1RM) in the BSq (SMRT), while the second (seven females and eight males) consisted of five sets to muscular failure (MF) with a 4–6RM load (RMRT). The recovery was quantified with the mean concentric velocity (MV) at 80% of the 1RM immediately before and 5 min, 24, 48, and 72 h after the training protocol. Following the SMRT, a significant between-sex difference, favoring the females, was observed at 5 min, 24 h, and 48 h following the SMRT (p < 0.05, Effect Size (ES) = 1.01–2.25). Following the RMRT, only the males experienced a significant drop in performance after 5 min compared to the baseline (p = 0.025, ES = 1.34). However, no sex differences were observed at any timepoint (p > 0.05). These results suggest that males experienced more fatigue than females following a protocol where the volume relative to the 1RM was matched, while no differences in fatigue were evident following a protocol in which multiple sets were performed to MF.

The influence of execution speed on blood lactate concentration in strength training protocol in bench press exercise

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Gustavo Taques Marczynski ◽  
Luís Carlos Zattar Coelho ◽  
Leonardo Emmanuel De Medeiros Lima ◽  
Rodrigo Pereira Da Silva ◽  
Dilmar Pinto Guedes Jr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Bench Press ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
The Third ◽  
Fast Speed ◽  
Work Volume ◽  
Execution Speed ◽  
Training Protocol

The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of two velocities of execution relative to blood lactate concentration in strength training exercise until the momentary concentric failure. Fifteen men (29.1 ± 5.9 years), trained, participated in the experiment. The volunteers performed three bench press sessions, with an interval of 48 hours between them. At the first session, individuals determined loads through the 10-12 RMs test. In the following two sessions, three series with 90 seconds of interval were performed, in the second session slow execution speed (cadence 3030) and later in the third session fast speed (cadence 1010). For statistical analysis, the Student-T test was used for an independent sample study and considered the value of probability (p) ≤ 0.05 statistically significant. By comparing the number of repetitions and time under tension of the two runs, all series compared to the first presented significant reductions (p < 0.05). The total work volume was higher with the fast speed (p < 0.05). The study revealed that rapid velocities (cadence 1010) present a higher concentration of blood lactate when compared to slow runs (cadence 3030). The blood lactate concentration, in maximum repetitions, is affected by the speed of execution.Keywords: resistance training, cadence, blood lactate.

Combining First-Principles and Data Modeling for the Accurate Prediction of the Refractive Index of Organic Polymers

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Atif Faiz Afzal ◽  
Chong Cheng ◽  
Johannes Hachmann
Keyword(s):  
First Principles ◽  
Data Modeling ◽  
Accurate Prediction ◽  
Index Of Refraction ◽  
Structure Theory ◽  
Organic Polymers ◽  
Number Density ◽  
Lorenz Equation ◽  
In Silico Studies ◽  
Wide Range

Organic materials with a high index of refraction (RI) are attracting considerable interest due to their potential application in optic and optoelectronic devices. However, most of these applications require an RI value of 1.7 or larger, while typical carbon-based polymers only exhibit values in the range of 1.3–1.5. This paper introduces an efficient computational protocol for the accurate prediction of RI values in polymers to facilitate in silico studies that an guide the discovery and design of next-generation high-RI materials. Our protocol is based on the Lorentz-Lorenz equation and is parametrized by the polarizability and number density values of a given candidate compound. In the proposed scheme, we compute the former using first-principles electronic structure theory and the latter using an approximation based on van der Waals volumes. The critical parameter in the number density approximation is the packing fraction of the bulk polymer, for which we have devised a machine learning model. We demonstrate the performance of the proposed RI protocol by testing its predictions against the experimentally known RI values of 112 optical polymers. Our approach to combine first-principles and data modeling emerges as both a successful and highly economical path to determining the RI values for a wide range of organic polymers.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document