scholarly journals A Morphometric and Morphological Study on Dry Adult Cuboid Bones

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
SREYA MOITRA
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Biometric Data ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Articular Facet ◽  
Calcaneocuboid Joint ◽  
Three Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Cuboid Bone ◽  
The Difference

Introduction: Precise biometric data of cuboid and calcaneocuboid joint are not discussed very distinctly in the text books of Anatomy. A better knowledge of the joint surfaces of cuboid and biometric data would generate a three dimensional modeling of the calcaneocuboid joint and would help in the management of Cuboid Syndrome. Aim: To study about morphological and morphometric analysis in adult dry cuboid bone. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Anatomy of a Medical College using 60 dry cuboid bones from museum. Each bone was observed for its morphometric analysis as well as its pattern of calcaneal and metatarsal articular facets. Results were statistically analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS)software, version 19. Students t-test was applied to find the difference between the mean values of the parameters. Results: Mean medial length of cuboid was 33.41 mm, lateral length was 19.73 mm, height was 26.17 mm, length index was 169.33, vertical and transverse diameters of calcaneal articular facet were 24.24 mm and 16.45 mm respectively, vertical and transverse diameters of metatarsal articular facet were 21.32 mm and 13.85 mm respectively, depth of peroneal groove was 0.63mm. Concavo-convex facet with posteromedial projection and oval or reniform in shape (Type 1A) was the most common calcaneal articular facet and convex pattern was the most common metatarsal articular facet of cuboid. Conclusion: Morphological characterisation of articular facet of cuboid and its morphometric analysis help to understand the degree of movement at calcaneocuboid joint, its associated pathologies and instabilities.

scholarly journals Determination of Some Body Measurements of Camels With Three Dimensional Modeling Method (3D)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alkan çağlı ◽  
M. Yılmaz
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Practical Method ◽  
Modeling Method ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
3D Measurement ◽  
Three Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Dimensional Modeling ◽  
The Difference

Abstract In this study, the use of three-dimensional modeling method was tested in taking some body measurements in camels with a practical method and was compared with other measurement methods. As the animal material of the study, 12 single humped dromedary female camels and 14 double humped Camelus dromedarius X Camelus bactrianus: F1 male camels, totally 26 camels, were used in three camel farms in Incirliova district of Aydın province. The body measurements taken from each animal by using different three methods, namely by Manuel Method (MM), by Photography Method (PM), and by Three Dimensional Modeling Method (3D) were the Cidago Height (CH), the Back Height (BH), the Rump Height (RH), the Body Length (BL), the Brisket Height (BRH), the Abdominal Height (AH), the Shoulder Width (SW) and the Rump Width (RW) and these values were compared with each other. As a result of this study, the mean values of MM and 3D measurement values were very close to each other and the difference between them was found to be statistically insignificant. (P<0.05). The difference between the means of PM and MM/3D measurement values was found to be significant. (P <0.05). In the measurements taken by MM, 3D, PM methods in male camels, the values obtained by MM and 3D methods for CH, BH, RH, BRH, AH, BL, and SW were very close to each other and the differences between them were found insignificant statistically (p < 0.05). On the determined regression graph, a linear was found between MM and 3D measurement values. As a result of this study, it has been determined that the 3D modeling method can be used as a remote and more practical method in determining the morphological features of large-scale animals such as camels more reliably, more easily and more practically.

scholarly journals Analysis on the Influence of Shaft and Cross Passage Turn to the Main Line of Ingate under Different Construction Schemes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Zhanping Song ◽  
Qi Liu ◽  
Yuwei Zhang ◽  
Xiaoxu Tian ◽  
Guannan Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Technical Problem ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surface Settlement ◽  
Tunnel Support ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Three Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Original Plan ◽  
Key Points ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Stress And Deformation

In the weak stratum, the construction of ingate is a key technical problem at the place where the shaft and cross passage turn to the tunnel. Based on Lanzhou Metro, the corresponding changes to the construction plan of the ingate of the section tunnel were made. Finite element software is used to carry out three-dimensional modeling and design of subway shaft, cross passage, and tunnel structures in connected sections. The influence of the two construction schemes on surface settlement, deformation, and stress of tunnel support structure and stress conversion of ingate are compared, as well as the fitting degree between numerical simulation results and field monitoring data. Finally, the optimal scheme and key points of construction control are determined. The results show that the optimization scheme has obvious advantages in the control of surface settlement and the deformation of shaft and cross passage support. However, the difference between the stress and deformation of the tunnel supporting structure and the original plan is not obvious. Since the project focuses on shaft, cross passage, and tunnel connection section, the changed construction scheme is better.

Study on the Airflow Level Posture Sensor Based on Fluid-Solid Coupling

2011 ◽  
Vol 268-270 ◽  
pp. 636-639
Author(s):  
Ming Ming Ji ◽  
Lin Hua Piao ◽  
Bai Hua Li
Keyword(s):  
Tilt Angle ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Three Dimensional Model ◽  
Three Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Equation Solving ◽  
Dimensional Modeling ◽  
Element Simulation ◽  
Hermetic Chamber ◽  
The Difference

Using ANSYS program, the finite element simulation based on Fluid-Solid coupling is conducted by a series of procedures, such as three-dimensional model building of airflow level posture sensor according to the actual size of the proportion, network modifying, loads applying and equation solving. The flow field in three-dimensional hermetic chamber of sensitive element of airflow level posture sensor is calculated. The numerical results show that: 1) The velocity difference of air flow at two heat source changes with the tilt angle, the difference between airflow velocity increases with the increase of the tilt angle. 2)Compared with two-dimensional modeling, the simulation result of three-dimensional modeling and fluid-solid analysis methods are more comprehensive and accurate, which provides more reliable basis for practical research of the airflow level posture sensor.

scholarly journals Head Orientation in CBCT-generated Cephalograms

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 971-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Cevidanes ◽  
Ana E. F. Oliveira ◽  
Alexandre Motta ◽  
Ceib Phillips ◽  
Brandon Burke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dental Student ◽  
Head Orientation ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Good Reliability ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
The Difference

Abstract Objective: To determine the reliability of obtaining two-dimensional cephalometric measurements using two virtual head orientations from cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) models. Materials and Methods: CBCT scans of 12 patients (6 class II and 6 class III) were randomly selected from a pool of 159 patients. An orthodontist, a dental radiologist, and a third-year dental student independently oriented CBCT three-dimensional (3D) renderings in either visual natural head position (simulated NHP) or 3D intracranial reference planes (3D IRP). Each observer created and digitized four CBCT-generated lateral cephalograms per patient, two using simulated NHP and two using 3D IRP at intervals of at least 3 days. Mixed-effects analysis of variance was used to calculate intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and to test the difference between the orientations for each measure. Results: ICC indicated good reliability both within each head orientation and between orientations. Of the 50 measurements, the reliability coefficients were ≥0.9 for 45 measurements obtained with 3D IRP orientation and 36 measurements with simulated NHP. The difference in mean values of the two orientations exceeded 2 mm or 2° for 14 (28%) of the measurements. Conclusions: The reliability of both virtual head orientations was acceptable, although the percentage of measurements with ICC &gt;0.9 was greater for 3D IRP. This may reflect the ease of using the guide planes to position the head in the 3D IRP during the simulation process.

scholarly journals Morphological Study of Human Kidney – A Post Mortem Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
SM Nurul Hassan ◽  
Borhan Uddin Ahamed ◽  
Md Abul Kalam Azad ◽  
Mansur Khalil ◽  
Mohsin Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Study ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Human Kidney ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Morphological Status ◽  
The Difference

Context: Retroperitoneal location of kidney implies much difficulties in management of renal diseases, specially for surgeons. Appropriate knowledge on three dimensional morphological status of kidney may be helpful for successful surgery of this region. So this study was performed to evaluate the age related changes in length, breadth and thickness of kidney collected from Bangladesh. Materials and methods: A cross sectional analytical type of study was conducted at the department of Anatomy, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. A total of 70 (seventy) fresh human of right & left kidneys of both sexes were collected from the morgue of Mymensingh Medical College. The selected cases were between 5 to 60 years of age. The samples were divided into 3 different age groups (A: 05-15 years, B: 16-35 years, C: 36- 60 years) to observe the variations in length, breadth and thickness of kidney. Results: Statistically significant differences were found in the values of length, breadth and thickness among these groups except the difference of values regarding breadth and thickness between group C & A which were not significant (P > 0.05). Conclusion: There were changes in the values of length, breadth and thickness of kidneys DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bja.v11i1.20500 Bangladesh Journal of Anatomy, January 2013, Vol. 11 No. 1 pp 3-6

Three-Dimensional Modeling and Simulation of Dendrite Morphology of Cast Mg Alloys

2010 ◽  
Vol 654-656 ◽  
pp. 1516-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Huo ◽  
Zhi Qiang Han ◽  
Bai Cheng Liu
Keyword(s):  
Interpolation Method ◽  
Local Equilibrium ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Equilibrium Composition ◽  
Mg Alloys ◽  
Az91d Alloy ◽  
Dendrite Morphology ◽  
Three Dimensional Modeling ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Permanent Mold Castings

A three-dimensional (3-D) cellular automaton (CA) model for simulating the dendrite morphology of cast Mg alloys has been developed. In the model a technique based on two sets of mesh is utilized to perform the simulation to reproduce the texture of Mg dendrites. The CA calculation is performed using a set of mesh that is defined by the hexagonal close-packed (HCP) crystal lattice, and other computations are carried out by using a cubic mesh. The two sets of mesh are coupled by using interpolation method. The kinetics of the solid-liquid interface is obtained directly by the difference between local equilibrium composition and local actual composition given by the solute transport equation. The model was used to simulate 3-D columnar growth of sixteen grains and 3-D equiaxed growth of a single dendrite of AZ91D alloy. Permanent mold castings of AZ91D alloy were produced and sampled for optical metallographic examinations, and the simulated results were compared with the metallographic results.

Defocus ramp correction in spot-scan imaging

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-131
Author(s):  
Kenneth H. Downing
Keyword(s):  
Computer Control ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Sufficient Accuracy ◽  
Objective Lens ◽  
Electron Crystallography ◽  
Contrast Transfer Function ◽  
Tilt Axis ◽  
Specimen Height ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Envelope Functions

Three-dimensional structures of a number of samples have been determined by electron crystallography. The procedures used in this work include recording images of fairly large areas of a specimen at high tilt angles. There is then a large defocus ramp across the image, and parts of the image are far out of focus. In the regions where the defocus is large, the contrast transfer function (CTF) varies rapidly across the image, especially at high resolution. Not only is the CTF then difficult to determine with sufficient accuracy to correct properly, but the image contrast is reduced by envelope functions which tend toward a low value at high defocus.We have combined computer control of the electron microscope with spot-scan imaging in order to eliminate most of the defocus ramp and its effects in the images of tilted specimens. In recording the spot-scan image, the beam is scanned along rows that are parallel to the tilt axis, so that along each row of spots the focus is constant. Between scan rows, the objective lens current is changed to correct for the difference in specimen height from one scan to the next.

Seasonal trends in the stable isotopic composition of snow and meltwater runoff in a subarctic catchment at Okstindan, Norway

2004 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.D. Gurney ◽  
D.S.L. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Stable Isotopic Composition ◽  
Meltwater Runoff ◽  
Stable Isotopic ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Δ18o And Δd

Seasonal variations in the stable isotopic composition of snow and meltwater were investigated in a sub-arctic, mountainous, but non-glacial, catchment at Okstindan in northern Norway based on analyses of δ18O and δD. Samples were collected during four field periods (August 1998; April 1999; June 1999 and August 1999) at three sites lying on an altitudinal transect (740–970 m a.s.l.). Snowpack data display an increase in the mean values of δ18O (increasing from a mean value of −13.51 to −11.49‰ between April and August), as well as a decrease in variability through the melt period. Comparison with a regional meteoric water line indicates that the slope of the δ18O–δD line for the snowpacks decreases over the same period, dropping from 7.49 to approximately 6.2.This change points to the role of evaporation in snowpack ablation and is confirmed by the vertical profile of deuterium excess. Snowpack seepage data, although limited, also suggest reduced values of δD, as might be associated with local evaporation during meltwater generation. In general, meltwaters were depleted in δ18O relative to the source snowpack at the peak of the melt (June), but later in the year (August) the difference between the two was not statistically significant. The diurnal pattern of isotopic composition indicates that the most depleted meltwaters coincide with the peak in temperature and, hence, meltwater production.

Dependence of the Deformation of 128×128 InSb Focal-plane Arrays on the Silicon Readout Integrated Circuit Thickness

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoling Zhang ◽  
Qingduan Meng ◽  
Liwen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Shock ◽  
Indium Antimonide ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Focal Plane ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fracture Probability ◽  
Focal Plane Arrays ◽  
Thermal Shock Test ◽  
Readout Integrated Circuit ◽  
Three Dimensional Modeling

The square checkerboard buckling deformation appearing in indium antimonide infrared focal-plane arrays (InSb IRFPAs) subjected to the thermal shock tests, results in the fracturing of the InSb chip, which restricts its final yield. In light of the proposed three-dimensional modeling, we proposed the method of thinning a silicon readout integrated circuit (ROIC) to level the uneven top surface of InSb IRFPAs. Simulation results show that when the silicon ROIC is thinned from 300 μm to 20 μm, the maximal displacement in the InSb IRFPAs linearly decreases from 7.115 μm to 0.670 μm in the upward direction, and also decreases linearly from 14.013 μm to 1.612 μm in the downward direction. Once the thickness of the silicon ROIC is less than 50 μm, the square checkerboard buckling deformation distribution presenting in the thicker InSb IRFPAs disappears, and the top surface of the InSb IRFPAs becomes flat. All these findings imply that the thickness of the silicon ROIC determines the degree of deformation in the InSb IRFPAs under a thermal shock test, that the method of thinning a silicon ROIC is suitable for decreasing the fracture probability of the InSb chip, and that this approach improves the reliability of InSb IRFPAs.

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