scholarly journals How should we define, document, and prevent conflicts of interest in alcohol research?

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Babor
Keyword(s):  
Drug Research ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Scientific Integrity ◽  
University Administrators ◽  
Industry Funding ◽  
Substantial Body ◽  
Journal Editors ◽  
Professional Societies ◽  
Reporting Procedures

Babor, T. (2016). How should we define, document, and prevent conflicts of interest in alcohol research?. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 5(1), 5-7. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i1.232Aims: Conflicts of interest (COIs) in science and medicine have come under increasing scrutiny in recent years. This article reviews definitions of COI, as well as measures used to document, prevent, and manage COIs.Findings: The positive association between COIs and the outcomes of research has been documented in a substantial body of research covering a variety of fields, including addiction research. Attempts to address COIs include funding declarations, voluntary bans of receipt of industry funding, and ethical analyses.Conclusions: To protect the scientific integrity of the alcohol field from further influence from commercial and other competing interests, reasonable and consistent reporting procedures are needed at a minimum. Direct funding from major transnational alcohol producers involves major reputational and ethical risks that may require more stringent measures by professional societies, university administrators, and journal editors.

scholarly journals Advertising Policies of Medical Journals: Conflicts of Interest for Journal Editors and Professional Societies

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-121 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Orentlicher ◽  
Michael K. Hehir
Keyword(s):  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Medical Profession ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Critical Area ◽  
Medical Journals ◽  
The Public ◽  
Journal Editors ◽  
Professional Societies ◽  
Commercial Enterprise ◽  
Health Related

As the medical profession becomes more and more of a commercial enterprise, commentators are subjecting conflicts of interest in medicine to increasing scrutiny. However, one critical area of conflict has largely escaped discussion—the conflicts of interest raised by the advertising policies of medical journals. Moreover, when these conflicts are discussed, they are examined almost exclusively in terms of the concerns that they pose for journal editors. Yet, there is a second critical concern with journal advertising policies. The policies also create serious conflicts of interest for the professional societies that own medical journals.In this article, we will discuss the conflicts of interest that are raised for journal editors and professional societies by journal advertising policies, and we will conclude that the policies are exactly backward. Currently, medical journals rely on advertisements from pharmaceutical companies and other health-related businesses and avoid—indeed exclude—advertisements from consumer-oriented companies, like producers of automobiles, golf equipment, or jewelry. We submit that the medical journals, the medical profession, and the public would be better served if consumeroriented advertisement were preferred over health-related advertising.

Key Principles in Ethical Data Analysis and Handling Conflicts of Interest

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-123
Author(s):  
Seth J. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
University Administrators ◽  
Grant Funding ◽  
Publish Or Perish ◽  
Journal Editors ◽  
Funding Agencies ◽  
Data Analytic

This chapter covers ethical issues in data analysis, such as p-hacking (massaging data until significant results emerge) and HARKing (hypothesizing after the results are known). The chapter also discusses conflicts of interest, including financial conflicts as well as unreasonable ambition, egotism, “publish or perish” pressures that academics face, and pressures to secure grant funding. Recommendations are provided for avoiding and managing these challenges. Having multiple people conducting analyses is suggested as one way to maximize the likelihood of ethical data analysis. The chapter also provides recommendations for journal editors, department and university administrators, and funding agencies for ensuring that they do not inadvertently incentivize unethical data analytic practices.

scholarly journals 10.B. Workshop: Corporate influence on science – what is happening and what can be done?

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Research Process ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Industry Funding ◽  
Corporate Influence ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Funding Research

Abstract The role of the corporate sector in research sponsorship is growing. So too is the evidence that corporations whose products are potentially damaging to health or the environment influence science and the ways in which science is used in policy and practice. Such efforts are a key part of corporate attempts to maintain or increase the consumption or use of industry products, and to secure favourable policy outcomes. The products and practices of corporations are responsible for a growing proportion of the global disease burden. Non-communicable diseases, many driven by consumption of unhealthy commodities and exposure to chemicals, account for over 73 percent of global deaths. It is increasingly important to understand the complex and multifaceted ways corporations seek to influence science; the impact these strategies have; and the ways this influence can be addressed. This workshop brings together global experts to explore these issues. Drawing on examples from several industries (e.g. tobacco, alcohol, food, and pharmaceuticals), it aims to: Increase understanding of the ways corporations whose products are potentially damaging to health influence science. We present a newly developed, evidence-based typology which draws together the vast existing literature in this field, to present a simplified way of understanding corporate influence on science. Delegates will be provided with materials that provide a means for recognising such influence.Examine the influence that corporations have on the first stage in the research process - research agendas. We present examples from tobacco, food and pharmaceutical industries which illustrate the mechanism through which industry funding of science drives researchers to study questions that are favourable to industry. The desired outcome is to maximise research on the benefits of industry products (positioning these products as solutions to complex problems), minimise research on the harms of their products, support their policy and legal positions, and impede potential regulation of their products.Increase awareness of the involvement that corporations have had in altering the mechanisms though which science is used in policymaking. Delegates will hear how corporations promoted and embedded policymaking reforms which increase reliance on and provide a conduit for industry-favourable science.Suggest ways forward concerning management of conflicts of interest in the publication of health research. Here we will discuss the roles that journals can play in governing conflicts of interest and issues of transparency in the publication of academic research.Suggest ways forward for funding research on unhealthy commodities. We present criteria for tobacco industry-supported research funding programs, and discuss the applicability of similar programs for funding research on other unhealthy commodities, and on the practices of other industries such as the fossil fuels industry. Key messages Corporations have been seen to skew evidence bases, manipulate interpretations of science, and influence use of science in policy and practice – such influence is a major threat to public health. This workshop exposes industry tactics in this area and begins to identify ways for dealing with them.

scholarly journals Addiction journals and the management of conflicts of interest

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerstin Stenius
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Drug Research ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Research Articles ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
New Research ◽  
Political Decisions

Stenius, K. (2016). Addiction journals and the management of conflicts of interest. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 5(1), 9-10. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i1.233Scientific journals are crucial for a critical and open exchange of new research findings and as guardians of the quality of science. Today, as policy makers increasingly justify decision-making with references to scientific evidence, and research articles form the basis for evidence for specific measures, journals also have an indirect responsibility for how political decisions will be shaped.

scholarly journals Editorial: Discussing conflicts of interest during a Kettil Bruun Society symposium, June 2014, Turin (Italy)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Allaman Allamani ◽  
Franca Beccaria
Keyword(s):  
Common Good ◽  
Scientific Method ◽  
Drug Research ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Problematic Relationship ◽  
Society Symposium ◽  
Referral Network ◽  
Scientific Truth ◽  
The Individual

Allamani, A., & Beccaria, F. (2016). Editorial: Discussing conflicts of interest during a Kettil Bruun Society symposium, June 2014, Turin (Italy). The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 5(1), 1-3. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i1.226Human beings have always sought after truth and made efforts to define and measure objects and events outside and inside themselves. In the last four centuries, since the time of Galileo, scholars came to agree more and more on a scientific method that could be shared in order to obtain replicable results that could become a common good for humanity. The results of a study can in fact lead to technological applications in various sectors of human life, like education, commerce, industry, and health.The search for scientific truth and its relationship with the economy has always had a complicated life: first, because in any given moment there will be different ideas about truth, and second, because researchers need both the means and the time to conduct their work. This is why a researcher must either support him- or herself and/or be financially supported by someone that may have different expectations about the research results.Thus, this involves the integrity of both the individual researcher and his/her referral network—the "scientific community"—that can call into question their ethical sphere by a potentially problematic relationship with truth, economy, and utility.

scholarly journals Avoiding Conflicts of Interest in Awards: Assessing the Availability of Conflicts of Interest Statements of Psychological Societies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Helena Stoevenbelt ◽  
Michele B. Nuijten ◽  
Bastian Erik Pauli ◽  
Jelte M. Wicherts
Keyword(s):  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Professional Societies

Unclear regulations on conflicts of interest (COI) might lead to nepotism in the handing out of academic prizes and awards awarded by professional societies and associations. To assess to availability of statements on COIs, we systematically searched the websites of 58 psychological societies. We found that 27.6% had no COI statement available on their website. 27.6% included a statement on COIs on their website, but did not mention awards or prizes specifically. Only 44.8% of the included societies had an online COI statement that included a section on awards. Therefore, the majority of the included societies did not feature a findable COI statement pertaining to awards on their website.

scholarly journals Conflicts of Interest in International Human Drug Research and the Insufficiency of International Protections

2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 351-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Gatter
Keyword(s):  
Drug Research ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Private Investment ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Human Subjects Research ◽  
Drug Companies ◽  
The World ◽  
Financial Conflicts Of Interest

The world relies largely on private firms for the development of new medicine, and the system is efficient. Driven by the incentive to profit from sales of new pharmaceuticals, drug companies risk millions of dollars and years of work to shepherd basic scientific discoveries through laboratory and human testing in the hope of developing a marketable drug. For example, it is estimated that in 2002 alone, pharmaceutical companies invested $45 billion the development of new medicine worldwide.While the profit incentive generates such enormous private investment in human drug development, it also encourages firms to pose inappropriate risks to the safety of human subjects when speeding a new drug to the market. The risks posed by financial conflicts of interest associated with human subjects research on new pharmaceutical products are notable examples, both in the U.S. and internationally.

The Impact of Industry on Oncology Research and Practice

2015 ◽  
pp. 130-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beverly Moy ◽  
Reshma Jagsi ◽  
Richard B. Gaynor ◽  
Mark J. Ratain
Keyword(s):  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Ethical Challenges ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Direct To Consumer ◽  
Professional Societies ◽  
Oncology Research ◽  
Public Scrutiny ◽  
Oncology Practice ◽  
Direct To Consumer Advertising ◽  
The Impact

Public scrutiny has increased over potential conflicts of interest among oncology researchers and providers. Given the increased prevalence and complexity of industry relationships, oncologists are increasingly faced with ethical challenges when navigating their financial relationships with industry. Oncologists are continually dealing with changing conflict of interest policies within academic centers and professional societies. With the recent passage of The Sunshine Act, oncologists are beginning to understand the repercussions of this new law. The consequences of the increasing use of direct-to-consumer advertising on patients with cancer are also unclear. Finally, industry's perspective on the evolution of these relationships is not clearly understood. This manuscript discusses issues related to industry's influence on oncology practice and research.

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