Key Principles in Ethical Data Analysis and Handling Conflicts of Interest

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-123
Author(s):  
Seth J. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
University Administrators ◽  
Grant Funding ◽  
Publish Or Perish ◽  
Journal Editors ◽  
Funding Agencies ◽  
Data Analytic

This chapter covers ethical issues in data analysis, such as p-hacking (massaging data until significant results emerge) and HARKing (hypothesizing after the results are known). The chapter also discusses conflicts of interest, including financial conflicts as well as unreasonable ambition, egotism, “publish or perish” pressures that academics face, and pressures to secure grant funding. Recommendations are provided for avoiding and managing these challenges. Having multiple people conducting analyses is suggested as one way to maximize the likelihood of ethical data analysis. The chapter also provides recommendations for journal editors, department and university administrators, and funding agencies for ensuring that they do not inadvertently incentivize unethical data analytic practices.

Issues and Best Practices Related to Ethical Writing and Publishing

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia R. King
Keyword(s):  
Medical Journal ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Peer Review ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Journal Editors ◽  
Financial Misconduct ◽  
Redundant Publication

Abstract For decades there have been several common ethical issues in writing and publishing that have plagued nurse authors and editors. These have included authorship, duplicate or redundant publication, conflicts of interest (including financial), misconduct, and peer review. These topics have been discussed independently and together, but it has not been until recently that appropriate guidelines or best practices have emerged. Nursing and other scientific journals have struggled with these issues continuously and now organizations (e.g., International Committee of Medical Journal Editors and Office of Integrity) have developed guidelines and best practices to help authors and editors.

scholarly journals How should we define, document, and prevent conflicts of interest in alcohol research?

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Babor
Keyword(s):  
Drug Research ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Scientific Integrity ◽  
University Administrators ◽  
Industry Funding ◽  
Substantial Body ◽  
Journal Editors ◽  
Professional Societies ◽  
Reporting Procedures

Babor, T. (2016). How should we define, document, and prevent conflicts of interest in alcohol research?. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 5(1), 5-7. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i1.232Aims: Conflicts of interest (COIs) in science and medicine have come under increasing scrutiny in recent years. This article reviews definitions of COI, as well as measures used to document, prevent, and manage COIs.Findings: The positive association between COIs and the outcomes of research has been documented in a substantial body of research covering a variety of fields, including addiction research. Attempts to address COIs include funding declarations, voluntary bans of receipt of industry funding, and ethical analyses.Conclusions: To protect the scientific integrity of the alcohol field from further influence from commercial and other competing interests, reasonable and consistent reporting procedures are needed at a minimum. Direct funding from major transnational alcohol producers involves major reputational and ethical risks that may require more stringent measures by professional societies, university administrators, and journal editors.

Death, taxes and uncertainty: Economic motivations in end-of-life decision making

2021 ◽  
pp. 147775092110114
Author(s):  
George Slade Mellgard ◽  
Jacob M Appel
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Ethical Conflicts ◽  
Financial Interests ◽  
End Of Life Decision ◽  
Death Taxes

Economic motivations are key drivers of human behavior. Unfortunately, they are largely overlooked in literature related to medical decisionmaking, particularly with regard to end-of-life care. It is widely understood that the directions of a proxy acting in bad faith can be overridden. But what of cases in which the proxy or surrogate appears to be acting in good faith to effectuate the patient’s values, yet doing so directly serves the decision-maker’s financial interests? Such situations are not uncommon. Many patients care as deeply about economic wellbeing of their families as they do for their own lives and health. This brief work examines three scenarios that raise ethical issues regarding the role of pecuniary motives in making critical medical decisions. Each scenario presents a potential financial conflict of interest between an incapacitated patient and a third-party decision-maker and offers a framework for integrating ethical and legal concerns into clinical care. It is our hope that this work prepares physicians for unexpected ethical conflicts of interest and enables them to further the interests of his or her patients.

The Savvy Academic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth J. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Longitudinal Studies ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Scholarly Publishing ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Writing For Publication ◽  
Review Articles ◽  
Publishing Career ◽  
Data Analytic

This book covers the process of writing for publication from start to finish—from selecting a topic and reviewing literature to working with coauthors, writing theoretical and review articles, and responding to editor and reviewer comments when revising manuscripts. Dr. Schwartz uses examples from his own scholarly publishing career and provides concrete advice for both early-career and more experienced writers. The book also covers important topics such as planning studies, managing and supervising data collection, retaining participants in longitudinal studies, data analytic ethics and conflicts of interest, and dealing with writer’s block. Dr. Schwartz provides guidance for writing journal articles, books, and book chapters, as well as for dealing with manuscripts that have been repeatedly rejected. He offers guidance for writing first drafts, editing drafts, incorporating coauthor feedback, and working with difficult or resistant coauthors. This book is a “how-to” in terms of writing for publication.

Mapping Forensic Odontology Literature Using Open Source Bibliographies and Software

2015 ◽  
pp. 170-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. John Jeyasekar ◽  
P. Saravanan
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Domain Structure ◽  
Forensic Odontology ◽  
Bibliographic Databases ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Bibliometric Indicators ◽  
Computer Algorithms ◽  
Publish Or Perish ◽  
Growing Domain ◽  
Scientific Disciplines

Domain visualization, an emerging field of study is used to map the growing domain structure of scientific disciplines. Scientometrics is a distinct discipline that has emerged from citation based domain visualization. Visualization with the aid of science maps enables visual comprehension. Science maps can be effectively created with the help of computer algorithms. Bibliographic databases are also available freely over the internet. The various computer algorithms and bibliographic databases are discussed. Some of the different bibliometric indicators are also briefly explained. A mapping study of forensic odontology literature for a five year period of 2009 to 2013 is done using two bibliometric databases, viz., PubMed and Google Scholar, which are freely available. MS-Excel spreadsheets and Publish or Perish (PoP) software are used for data analysis. Co-word maps are also created using VOSviewer to visualize the sub-fields of forensic odontology.

Recruiting Reporters’ Perceptions of Ethical Issues

2020 ◽  
pp. 216747952094668
Author(s):  
Sam Winemiller ◽  
Adam Love ◽  
Jason Stamm
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
The United States ◽  
Media Industry ◽  
High School Athletes ◽  
Athletic Departments ◽  
High School Football ◽  
Sports Programs ◽  
Institutional Oversight

In the Internet era, a substantial online media industry dedicated to covering the recruitment of high school athletes to college sports programs has developed in the United States. The current study explored the perceptions of football recruiting reporters with respect to their ethical responsibilities and the issues they face in their jobs. In doing so, the study builds on the work of Yanity and Edmondson, who explored the perceptions of journalists from other fields about ethical dilemmas they perceived as relevant in the budding high school football recruiting media industry. Through analysis of interviews with 15 people who have worked as reporters for major recruiting websites such as Rivals.com or 247Sports.com , we contend that several key ethical issues must be addressed by online college football and basketball recruiting outlets to protect athletes and to promote responsible journalism. These issues include (a) incessant contact of high school athletes by media members; (b) lack of institutional oversight by parent companies over school-specific sites; (c) ambiguous methodology behind player evaluation; (d) conflicts of interest inherent in recruiting media outlets hosting evaluation camps; and (e) lack of institutional protection from unethical pressures by members of college athletic departments.

Ethical Considerations in the Genetic Testing Laboratory

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Groepper ◽  
Matt Bower
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Prenatal Testing ◽  
Laboratory Setting ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Testing Laboratory ◽  
Testing Laboratories

Ethical dilemmas are commonly encountered by genetic counselors, whether in the clinical or laboratory setting. This chapter describes common ethical dilemmas, conflicts, and challenges encountered in genetic testing laboratories. These situations include genetic testing of minors for adult-onset conditions, prenatal testing, the ethical impacts of incidental findings and unexpected test results, and conflicts of interest. This chapter also explores the genetic counselor’s role in addressing ethical issues. Resources are provided for managing these ethical dilemmas within the laboratory.

Authorship

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Journal ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
International Committee ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Journal Editors ◽  
Collection Data ◽  
Honorary Authorship ◽  
Definition Of

This chapter begins with a definition of authorship and provides the The Proposed Rapid Review Checklist for Authors (the 5Ds: design, data collection, data analysis, discussion of findings, the ability to define the paper and its message) which may be useful in judging whether authorship should be considered. The authorship model proposed by the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) is also outlined. The chapter also discusses different forms of inappropriate authorship models (ghost authorship, guest/honorary authorship, anonymous authorship) and presents intellectual property and copyright considerations. An author's responsibility to report an original, accurate, focused and repeatable account of the research conducted is also discussed.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Trends in Biochemical Research Using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA)

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kang ◽  
Kim ◽  
Kang
Keyword(s):  
Topic Modeling ◽  
Latent Dirichlet Allocation ◽  
Research Topics ◽  
Helpful Tool ◽  
Journal Editors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Mining Technique ◽  
Modeling Analysis ◽  
Funding Agencies ◽  
Biochemical Research

Biochemistry has been broadly defined as “chemistry of molecules included or related to living systems”, but is becoming increasingly hard to be distinguished from other related fields. Targets of its studies evolve rapidly; some newly emerge, disappear, combine, or resurface themselves with a fresh viewpoint. Methodologies for biochemistry have been extremely diversified, thanks particularly to those adopted from molecular biology, synthetic chemistry, and biophysics. Therefore, this paper adopts topic modeling, a text mining technique, to identify the research topics in the field of biochemistry over the past twenty years and quantitatively analyze the changes in its trends. The results of the topic modeling analysis obtained through this study will provide a helpful tool for researchers, journal editors, publishers, and funding agencies to understand the connections among the diverse sub-fields in biochemical research and even see how the research topics branch out and integrate with other fields.

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