scholarly journals AN INLAND OIL SPILL RESPONSE MANUAL TO MINIMIZE ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. H. Owens ◽  
E. Taylor ◽  
R. Marty ◽  
D. I. Little
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
Ecological Impacts ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Inland Waters ◽  
Response Options ◽  
Freshwater Habitats ◽  
Oil Spill Response

ABSTRACT Inland oil spills generally have received less attention than their coastal and marine counterparts. On the average, more than 2,000 spills occur on the inland waters of the continental United States each year. Recognizing the potential effects of these spills, the American Petroleum Institute has funded several studies in recent years to address issues associated with inland spills. One product of this activity is the preparation of a set of guidelines to be published as a manual for inland oil spill response. The manual focuses on the identification of techniques that would have minimal intrinsic ecological impacts (that is, to living resources) and would also minimize the total ecological and/or environmental impacts of the oil. The guidelines are intended to help decision makers assess whether the available response options can mitigate the effects of a spill and/or accelerate recovery from the oiling. The analysis and the recommendations are presented in a set of matrices that combine four oil types, more than 20 response techniques, and 10 inland freshwater habitats.

INFORMATION TO MINIMIZE IMPACTS FROM FRESHWATER OIL SPILLS

1995 ◽  
Vol 1995 (1) ◽  
pp. 965-966
Author(s):  
David E. Fritz ◽  
Alexis E. Steen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Work Group ◽  
The United States ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
Freshwater Habitats ◽  
Human Health Effects

ABSTRACT The American Petroleum Institute (API) has the only program in the United States dedicated to freshwater oil spill research. In existence since 1990, the API Inland Spills Work Group consists of representatives from industry and government. Projects have included a manual prepared with NOAA that evaluates cleanup techniques in order to minimize environmental impacts of spills in freshwater habitats, a literature review and annotated bibliography of environmental and human health effects of freshwater oil spills, a study of chemical treating agents for use in freshwater applications, and an evaluation of in situ burning of oil spilled in marshes.

The Adaptation of Mariculture Practices In Response To Spilled Oil

1999 ◽  
Vol 1999 (1) ◽  
pp. 985-987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Wadsworth ◽  
Brian Dicks ◽  
Clément Lavigne
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Response Options ◽  
Contingency Plan ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Response Measures ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Spilled Oil ◽  
Early Harvest

ABSTRACT Oil spills may contaminate both mariculture facilities and livestock. Prevention of oiling should therefore be afforded a high priority. Given appropriate conditions, this may be achieved by the traditional spill response measures. However, a number of self-help response options are open to mariculturalists, that may avoid or limit the effects of spilled oil. These include the relocation of cages, transfer of stock, and early harvest, although such measures are only likely to be successful if a well-prepared contingency plan exists. The advantages and drawbacks of each of these approaches in the context of oil spill response are discussed.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF OIL SPILL RESPONSE OPTIONS: A NOAA-U.S. NAVY JOINT PROJECT

2001 ◽  
Vol 2001 (2) ◽  
pp. 883-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher H. Barker ◽  
William P. Healy
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Trajectory Analysis ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Current Version ◽  
Continue Development ◽  
Joint Project ◽  
Response Options ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Different Response ◽  
Impact Events

ABSTRACT The U.S. Navy is in the process of re-evaluating its oil spill response preparedness. As part of that effort, the Navy and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) have teamed up to continue development of a tool designed to help planners assess their response effectiveness: the Trajectory Analysis Planner (TAP). TAP is an interface to a database of thousands of modeled oil spill trajectories, an ensemble of trajectories that represent the population of all possible spills. The TAP interface helps response planners understand characteristics of the possible oil spills in a given region. With this understanding, they can not only plan for one or a few possible high-impact events, but can determine the best overall plan for many events, across a large spectrum of probabilities and levels of impact. This paper is the result of the joint NOAA-Navy project to extend the capabilities of TAP. The capabilities and interface of the current version of the program (TAP II) are presented, along with some of its limitations. The need and direction of the development of a new version (TAP III) that will address some of these limitations is discussed. This future approach will allow planners to assess how different response options are likely to influence the ultimate impact of an oil spill in a region.

DESCRIPTION AND APPLICATION OF THE OPERATIONAL OIL SPILL FORECAST SYSTEM TESEO

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 (1) ◽  
pp. 1023-1029
Author(s):  
ANA J. Abasca ◽  
Sonia Castanedo ◽  
A. David Gutierrez ◽  
Raul Medina ◽  
Inigo J. Losada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Forecast System ◽  
System A ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
Oceanographic Data ◽  
User Friendly

ABSTRACT In the framework of the ESEOO Project (Spanish Operational Oceanography System) a complete set of models has been developed to simulate oil spills transport and fate processes. These models have been integrated in a user friendly operational system called TESEO. The main objective of the TESEO system is to integrate the meteorological and oceanographic data as well as the oil properties data required by the oil spill model to provide the evolution of contaminating spills at a regional scale. The system is linked with the operational winds and currents forecast system and, consequently, is able to provide useful information to decision-makers in a crisis situation. The performance of TESEO system has been successfully tested during four operational oil spills exercises organized by the Spanish Maritime Safety and Rescue Agency (SASEMAR) with the collaboration of the ESEOO Group. In these exercises, the TESEO system was used to provide forecast spill trajectories and fate processes to decision-makers in real time. Detailed information regarding the operational requirements of the system and its utilization during the Finisterre-2006 exercise is presented in this paper. The Finisterre-2006 exercise, as well as the other operational exercises performed, shows the TESEO system'S capability as a useful tool in an oil spill response.

Responding to Oil Spills in Louisiana's Coastal Floating Marshes: Ecology, Oil Impact, and Response Alternatives

2003 ◽  
Vol 2003 (1) ◽  
pp. 625-629
Author(s):  
Charlie Henry ◽  
Charles E. Sasser ◽  
Guerry O. Holm ◽  
Kevin Lynn ◽  
John Brolin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Habitat Type ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Response Options ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Floating Marsh ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
Spilled Oil

ABSTRACT Freshwater marshes cover 4000 square kilometers of the Louisiana coastal zone and are the most abundant marsh habitat type. Many of these marshes actually float as organic mats on underlying water. Some estimates suggest as much as 70% of Louisiana's coastal freshwater marsh are of the floating variety. The slow flow of water characteristic of these environments generally transports very little sediment. As a result, the marsh substrate is composed of primarily live and dead organic matter (peat formation) rather than mineral sediments. Since floating marshes are structurally different than intertidal marsh habitats, many traditional oil spill response options are ineffective or inappropriate. Access to the marsh is often limited since there is no open water ingress and the marsh structure cannot support the weight of equipment. Oil spill response options are further complicated when the source of the oil is a pipeline leak located below the floating marsh mat; spilled oil is free to travel at the interface of the underlying water and mat. Protection booming is impossible. Oil impacts often result in the death of all the living plants that are integral to the formation and sustainability of the habitat. This paper reports on two oil spills in a floating marsh near Paradis, Louisiana that occurred eight years apart. Both spills were spatially close to each other, which provided an excellent comparison for assessing potential long-term impact from oil spills in floating marshes. During both oil spill responses, unique response techniques were developed to recover spilled oil and enhance marsh recovery. An effective technique was to rake away and remove the dead oil-contaminated surface plant debris from the site and employ sorbent recovery. Lessons learned from these responses were used to develop mitigation guidance for future responses.

DEVELOPING A COMPREHENSIVE INTERNATIONAL CURRICULUM IN OIL SPILL DISPERSANT OPERATIONS1

2005 ◽  
Vol 2005 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-141
Author(s):  
Jeffrey H. Rubini
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Minor Component ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Alternative Response ◽  
Training And Education ◽  
The Public ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
A Minor

ABSTRACT Governments and industry, both national and international, contend that dispersants are an effective and practical response option under certain circumstances. However, a comprehensive training and education program in dispersant operations used to establish a baseline of understanding among responders and stakeholders is lacking. Dispersant operations have played a positive and significant role on numerous oil spills in both national and international waters, yet a curriculum in dispersant operations remains a minor component of oil spill response course curricula. This may suggest that decision makers, responders and ultimately the public and environment are being shortchanged of alternative response technology training and education, which essentially fails to meet the needs of regional response teams, area committees, natural resource trustees, and the general oil spill response community's future decision makers. Supported through case study analyses and critical argumentation, this paper presents an oil spill dispersant operations curriculum that governments and industry, both national and international, can adapt.

scholarly journals Swift Water Oil Spill Response Techniques

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Gunter ◽  
Ty Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Organizational Structures ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
Hazard Identification ◽  
Incident Command ◽  
Oil Spill Response

ABSTRACT Swift water oil spill response (SWSR) has many different aspects that present more of a challenge than slow moving or static water oil spills. The American Petroleum Institute (API)/Association of Oil Pipelines (AOPL) Emergency Response Work Group's inland SWSR Guide will be a compilation of industry best practices describing initial spill response management and operational tactics in these uniquely challenging conditions. This paper will summarize the API Guide which focuses on the highest priorities of spill response including people, environment, and assets. The intended audience for this paper are responders that have baseline spill response knowledge. Operations managers will be able to use the API Guide to develop timely Incident Command System (ICS) 201 briefs, organizational structures, and Incident Action Plan (IAP) operational work assignments. Safety of responders will be emphasized, particularly site safety, and personal protective equipment (PPE). Site safety and job specific hazard identification best practices will inform responders, managers, and Incident Commanders of the important aspects of overall safety management. Site evaluation topics will cover the following areas: access, staging area, boat launches, shoreline composition, and wildlife considerations. Response strategies involving equipment for containment and recovery will be described for effective SWSR. Additional factors that must be considered include riverbed composition, current velocity, flow pattern, water depth, water course width, and obstructions. There is a limited amount of literature on the unique response techniques of SWSR developed by industry groups or governmental agencies.

scholarly journals The Use of Dispersants in Marine Oil Spill Response

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen K. White ◽  
Stacee Karras
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Deep Ocean ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Alternative Response ◽  
Response Options ◽  
Marine Oil ◽  
Oil Spill Response

ABSTRACT Each marine oil spill presents unique circumstances and challenges that require careful consideration of which response options are most appropriate for mitigating impacts to local communities and the environment, which may include the use of dispersants. Dispersants are chemical countermeasures that reduce the amount of floating oil by promoting the formation of small droplets that remain or become entrained in the water column, where they are subjected to greater dissolution and dilution. During the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, an unprecedented volume of dispersants was used at the surface and in the deep ocean. The spill stimulated interest and funding for research on oil spill science, especially regarding dispersant use. Building on two previous reports and using this new information, a committee of experts convened by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) conducted a review and evaluation of the science on dispersant use. The committee's review focused on various aspects of dispersant use in offshore marine oil spills, including dispersant and oil fate and transport, human health considerations, biological effects, decision making, and alternative response options, among others. The findings and recommendations of the committee were published in the recent report, The Use of Dispersants in Marine Oil Spill Response (available for free download at https://www.nap.edu/catalog/25161/the-use-of-dispersants-in-marine-oil-spill-response). The presentation summarizes the committee's findings and recommendations within the context of oil spill response science and technology. A key area of consideration is how they relate to and support a robust decision making process in the event dispersants are considered for use in future spills.

ECOLOGICAL AND GEOMORPHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE VULNERABILITY OF THE COASTS OF THE KARA SEA TO THE OIL SPILL

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Ermolov ◽  
Alexander Ermolov
Keyword(s):  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
International System ◽  
Kara Sea ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
Expert Assessments ◽  
International Systems

International experience of oil spill response in the sea defines the priority of coastal protection and the need to identify as most valuable in ecological terms and the most vulnerable areas. Methodological approaches to the assessing the vulnerability of Arctic coasts to oil spills based on international systems of Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) and geomorphological zoning are considered in the article. The comprehensive environmental and geomorphological approach allowed us to form the morphodynamic basis for the classification of seacoasts and try to adapt the international system of indexes to the shores of the Kara Sea taking into account the specific natural conditions. This work has improved the expert assessments of the vulnerability and resilience of the seacoasts.

scholarly journals Next-Generation Smart Response Web (NG-SRW): An Operational Spatial Decision Support System for Maritime Oil Spill Emergency Response in the Gulf of Finland (Baltic Sea)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 6585
Author(s):  
Mihhail Fetissov ◽  
Robert Aps ◽  
Floris Goerlandt ◽  
Holger Jänes ◽  
Jonne Kotta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Situational Awareness ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Response Strategy ◽  
Spatial Decision Support System ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Oil Spill Response ◽  
The Baltic

The Baltic Sea is a unique and sensitive brackish-water ecosystem vulnerable to damage from shipping activities. Despite high levels of maritime safety in the area, there is a continued risk of oil spills and associated harmful environmental impacts. Achieving common situational awareness between oil spill response decision makers and other actors, such as merchant vessel and Vessel Traffic Service center operators, is an important step to minimizing detrimental effects. This paper presents the Next-Generation Smart Response Web (NG-SRW), a web-based application to aid decision making concerning oil spill response. This tool aims to provide, dynamically and interactively, relevant information on oil spills. By integrating the analysis and visualization of dynamic spill features with the sensitivity of environmental elements and value of human uses, the benefits of potential response actions can be compared, helping to develop an appropriate response strategy. The oil spill process simulation enables the response authorities to judge better the complexity and dynamic behavior of the systems and processes behind the potential environmental impact assessment and thereby better control the oil combat action.

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