Vacuum infrared dryer for drying fruit

The article is devoted to the study of infrared drying of products in a reduced pressure chamber using the convection effect. With the use of drying, canning of fruits, vegetables, herbs and meat is achieved, which reduces not only the volume, but also the weight of the processed raw materials. The paper presents the main parameters of drying products online, such as relative humidity, pressure, radiation intensity of infrared lamps, drying temperature. The uniqueness of this unit in comparison with similar dryers is a one-time treatment of the product with infrared rays under reduced pressure, convection of air flows inside the drying chamber and full automation of the drying process of any product of plant and animal origin. Determination of parameters and modes of drying was carried out on products of plant origin. During the experimental part, bananas and apples were used. In experimental studies, products such as bell peppers, apples and bananas with various slicing thicknesses were used. The greatest drying effect was obtained with a drying product thickness of 5 mm, and the worst with a product thickness of 10 mm. For example, pepper has decreased in weight from 79.84 grams. up to 23.43 gr., which is his weight loss by 70.65%.

Quantitative Characterization of a Belt-cast High-Manganese Steel Microstructure

The description of the solidification process in casting processes with varying product thickness is characterized based on solidification structures, segregations as well as the primary and secondary microstructure. In near-net-shape casting processes, it is particularly challenging to achieve microstructure homogeneity in the as-cast condition, since the degree of forming in production processes up to hot or cold strip is lower than in the production of slabs or thin slabs. The density of shrinkage porosity in belt-cast high-manganese steel (HMnS) will be determined quantitatively using polished microsections. Following the visualization of the primary cast structure, light microscopic images will be obtained using different tint etches. For the evaluation of secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS), internally developed software based on ImageJ and Matlab will be used.

High temperature oxidation of corrosion resistant alloys from machine learning

Parabolic rate constants, kp, were collected from published reports and calculated from corrosion product data (sample mass gain or corrosion product thickness) and tabulated for 75 alloys exposed to temperatures between ~800 and 2000 K (~500–1700 oC; 900–3000 oF). Data were collected for environments including lab air, ambient and supercritical carbon dioxide, supercritical water, and steam. Materials studied include low- and high-Cr ferritic and austenitic steels, nickel superalloys, and aluminide materials. A combination of Arrhenius analysis, simple linear regression, supervised and unsupervised machine learning methods were used to investigate the relations between composition and oxidation kinetics. The supervised machine learning techniques produced the lowest mean standard errors. The most significant elements controlling oxidation kinetics were Ni, Cr, Al, and Fe, with Mo and Co composition also found to be significant features. The activation energies produced from the machine learning analysis were in the correct distributions for the diffusion constants for the oxide scales expected to dominate in each class.

Effect of Supercritical CO2 on Steel Ductility at 450°-650°C

The compatibility of ferritic-martensitic (FM) and conventional and advanced austenitic steels with supercritical CO2 (sCO2) is being explored at 450°–650°C to determine their maximum temperature capability. In addition to measuring reaction kinetics and reaction product thickness, bulk carbon content and post-exposure room temperature tensile properties were assessed by exposing both alloy coupons and 25 mm long dogbone tensile specimens. After 1–2 kh exposures in 300 bar research grade (RG) sCO2, ∼9 and 12%Cr FM steels had similar behavior under these conditions. Consistent with the literature, higher Cr and Ni contents in alloy 316H provided lower reaction rates at 450° and 550°C, but limited benefit at 650°C with similar degradation of tensile properties and C ingress observed. An advanced austenitic Nb-modified 20Cr-25Ni alloy 709 provided the best compatibility even at 650°C with no C uptake detected after 1 kh and no significant loss in room temperature tensile properties after exposure. A clear correlation was observed under these conditions between the formation of a thin, protective Cr-rich oxide scale and the prevention of C ingress and tensile property degradation at 650°C.

INVESTIGATION OF THE DIFFUSION OF CARBONYL COMPOUNDS IN THE TECHNOLOGY OF SMOKING MUSK DUCK ON AN EXPERIMENTAL INSTALLATION WITH THE USE OF OVERPRESSURE AND VAPORS OF SPICY-SMOKY FLAVORS

In recent years, the interest of researchers in smoked products has increased, primarily as a source of protein food. At the same time, the task of developing all new types of original smoked prod-ucts is very urgent. One of the promising directions in this area is to expand the product range by changing and improving their taste, aroma and shelf life by smoking the product with smoky fla-vors. Therefore, to solve the problems associated with ensuring high smoking efficiency, it is nec-essary to develop a method that ensures the penetration of smoking particles into the product by eliminating limiting factors in their path. The presented method for producing smoked musk duck with the use of overpressure and vapors of spicy-smoky flavors fully meets the modern develop-ment of the food industry. The article presents the results of the study of the diffusion of carbonyl compounds into the product thickness in an experimental setup. These studies confirm the feasi-bility of using excessive pressure when smoking musk duck.

Conjoint Analysis for Consumer Preferences Towards Buying Plaster Sheets

In buying a product, consumers usually decide to purchase through certain stages and consumers understand their needs. Consumers also get stimuli from other people’s opinions including for problem identification, information seeking, evaluation, and decision-making activities. This study aimed to analyze the attributes that affect consumer preferences in buying plaster sheet products of CV Anugrah Jaya Sentosa. The questions studied in this research were: What are the attributes that affect consumer preferences in buying plaster sheet products? What are the most critical attributes for consumers of CV Anugrah Jaya Sentosa plaster sheet products? The most important attribute was a product thickness of 12 mm with a special quality, then a layer of purchase of goods only and a layer of paint + stain that simplifies the work for finishing and produces maximum results. Keywords: ceiling products, quality, coating, thickness, purchase

Roller Trace Design in Multi-Pass Conventional Spinning Based on Cylindrical Part

Conventional spinning is a kind of ancient revolving process which controls the product’s shape by roller trace design. It is also widely used in civil, military, automobile, aerospace and other fields. Unlike the power spinning process, the roller trace used in conventional spinning is complex. Both thickness uniformity and crack defects are affected by it. However, roller trace design is still based on experience without a solid theoretical basis. This paper simulated five different roller trace curves: involute curve, circular curve, Bezier curve, conchoids and line. Experiments using superalloy GH3030 were conducted in conjunction with a multi-pass conventional spinning simulation model. Blank thickness variations, mandrel and roller forces of different roller traces in the first pass are analyzed and assessed through the verification experiments. The results suggest that the curve trace parameters play a key role on the product thickness uniformity. And the distribution of Bezier and conchoid roller traces is more uniform than the other traces. The axial force of mandrel is a very important factor in the design of tool load capability. Larger roller feed ratio and proper roller traces can reduce the thinning which may avoid the cracks.

Computational study on interfacial peeling by uniformly distributed loading on aluminum hybrid anti-mechanical vibration panel

The purpose of this case study is to calculate the critical condition of interfacial peeling on aluminum hybrid anti-mechanical vibration panel. An area of thin-cored resin layer with two aluminum skins is located to design a hybrid panel. The system of hybrid panel is normally used for mechanical parts, which need to dampen mechanical vibration. In this structure, a thin core plays an especially important role to dampen vibration. However, this structure has a disadvantage of delaminating and peeling with perpendicular loading from the adhesive core. At a given level of adhesion, one calculates deflection and stress state as a function of loading. To confirm that this model is directly applicable to the quantity of deflection, the geometry of three layers is designed with actual product thickness. A total of five cases of loading condition are simulated to deduce the stress distribution. The interfacial area is the main interest for this simulation which can be related with critical peeling condition. As a result, the comparison with the practical values of adhesion shows a possibility of estimation for the peeling limit of this hybrid panel system.

The Effect of Sappanwood Absorbance on Design Decisions

Sappan wood contains substances that have health benefits. The community has made use of sappan wood in various forms, such as powder and shavings. In addition, sappan products are found in the form of blocks and spindles. If the product is in the form of blocks or logs, then people can recognize several characteristics of a wood, such as color, texture, hardness and weight. This will be more difficult to do if the product is in the form of powder or shavings. These advantages can be utilized in forms that have a specific purpose, such as the use function and decoration function. The use function can be done by soaking sappan wood using water, at a certain temperature and time. The process will produce a solution with a certain content which can be measured based on the absorbance value. The decoration function can be carried out by forming the sappan wood using the chisel principle, reducing the volume of raw materials. This research was conducted to determine the impact of shape on the concentration of content in sappan wood, so that it produces considerations that can be used in designing a product made from sappan wood. Experiments were carried out on 4 types of treatments, N specimens representing the treatment of repeated use, LPA and LPB specimens representing different surface area treatments, and specimens V representing treatments with different volumes. Each treatment produced a solution which was measured using UV-Vis Spectorphotometry. The measurement results in each specimen solution show the absorbance value can be taken into consideration in designing a product made from sappan wood. The things that need to be considered are the distance between cavities, product thickness and material cutting patterns.

Eco-friendly laminated strand lumber from date palm rachis

This study was performed to use date palm rachis, as a low value bio-waste, in the manufacture of a high value added eco-friendly structural composite lumber. Taguchi design of experiments was applied to analyse the effect of raw material and product parameters on the mechanical properties of laminated strand lumber from date palm rachis. The results indicate that the composite exhibits similar or superior strength properties compared to solid lumber and engineered products from wood or other lignocellulosic material for building sector. Taguchi design of experiments was assessed as a powerful and cost effective technique to obtain optimal levels for maximizing the mechanical properties of the environmentally-friendly composite. Maximum values for the mechanical properties of date palm rachis-based LSL were obtained from a combination of 20 mm product thickness, 10 % resin content, 4mm strand thickness, and 850 kg/m3 product density. Product thickness with an 81.3 % contribution and strand thickness with an 80 % contribution have the highest effects on the flatwise stiffness and compression strength perpendicular to grain, respectively.