scholarly journals An Empirical Study on Forecasting Production and Price of Tea in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 150-160
Author(s):  
M. Priyadharshini ◽  
D. Murugananthi ◽  
A. Rohini ◽  
R. Vasanthi
Keyword(s):  
South India ◽  
Export Price ◽  
Production Yield ◽  
North India ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Tea Industry ◽  
Auction Price ◽  
Price Auction ◽  
Auction Prices

Tea is a very indispensable beverage for Indian population as we rank the world’s largest consumer of black tea. Indian tea industry had been facing many downfalls for the past few years in terms of low price, excess supply, losing flavour and all this as a whole had affected the performance of the tea industry in India. With India being the second largest producer of tea globally, the production of tea in India can be subdivided into North India and South India. The current study focuses on the comparative analysis between North India, South India and India in terms of their trends in area, production, yield, export quantity, export price, auction price and auction quantity of tea. Compounded Annual growth rate (CAGR) was the tool used to find the trends of various variables. This study also focuses on the forecasting the production and auction prices of tea in India till 2023using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. The results of the present study areindicating that all the variables like area, production, yield, export quantity, export price, auction price and auction quantity of tea had shown a positive trend annually, except for that of North India’s export quantity. Production and auction prices were forecasted till 2023 using different ARIMA models amongst which ARIMA (1,1,0) proved to be the best fit model for study period.

Phylogeny based on 16S rDNA andnifHsequences ofRalstonia taiwanensisstrains isolated from nitrogen-fixing nodules ofMimosa pudica, in India

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 313-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhash Chandra Verma ◽  
Soumitra Paul Chowdhury ◽  
Anil Kumar Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
16S Rdna ◽  
South India ◽  
Restriction Analysis ◽  
Cross Reaction ◽  
North India ◽  
Mimosa Pudica ◽  
Free Living ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Indian Isolates ◽  
Dinitrogenase Reductase

Bacterial symbionts present in the indeterminate-type nitrogen (N)-fixing nodules of Mimosa pudica grown in North and South India showed maximum similarity to Ralstonia taiwanensis on the basis of carbon-source utilization patterns and 16S rDNA sequence. Isolates from the nodules of M. pudica from North India and South India showed identical ARDRA (Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis) patterns with Sau3AI and RsaI, but AluI revealed dimorphy between the North Indian and South Indian isolates. Alignment of 16S rDNA sequences revealed similarity of North Indian isolates with an R. taiwanensis strain isolated from M. pudica in Taiwan, whereas South Indian isolates showed closer relatedness with the isolates from Mimosa diplotricha. Alignment of nifH sequences from both North Indian and South Indian isolates with that of the related isolates revealed their closer affinity to α-rhizobia, suggesting that nif genes in the β-rhizobia might have been acquired from α-rhizobia via lateral transfer during co-occupancy of nodules by α-rhizobia and progenitors of R. taiwanensis, members of the β-subclass of Proteobacteria. Immunological cross-reaction of the bacteroid preparation of M. pudica nodules showed strong a positive signal with anti-dinitrogenase reductase antibody, whereas a weak positive cross-reaction was observed with free-living R. taiwanensis grown microaerobically in minimal medium with and without NH4Cl. In spite of the expression of dinitrogenase reductase under free-living conditions, acetylene reduction was not observed under N-free conditions even after prolonged incubation.Key words: symbiotic nitrogen fixation, Mimosa pudica, rhizobia, phylogeny, 16S rDNA, nifH, Ralstonia taiwanensis.

Vaiṣṇava Pāñcarātra

Hinduism ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Rastelli
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
South India ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Social Background ◽  
North India ◽  
Hindu Tradition ◽  
Textual Source ◽  
The Social ◽  
Theology And Philosophy ◽  
Sanskrit Epic

The Pāñcarātra is a Hindu tradition that worships Viṣṇu as the supreme god. Its origins date back to the pre-Christian era, and certain features of it can still be found in the related Hindu-tradition of the Śrīvaiṣṇavas. Its earliest textual source, having been composed around the 3rd to the 5th century ce, is the so-called Nārāyaṇīya, which is a part of the Sanskrit epic Mahābhārata. In this text the Pāñcarātra does not yet bear the tantric features that become characteristic for the tradition as known from the Saṃhitās, which may have been composed from around the 9th century onward. The Saṃhitās are the most important texts of the tradition and are traditionally considered to have been revealed by god Viṣṇu himself. They deal with the theology and philosophy of the tradition, but most prominently with rituals. Rituals are the main means for a Pāñcarātra follower to achieve the tradition’s religious goals. As in other tantric traditions, these goals are worldly pleasures (bhukti) and liberation (mukti) from transmigration. In early Pāñcarātra Saṃhitās, rituals are to be performed by individual persons for their own benefit. In later Saṃhitās, probably due to political influences, public temple worship for the benefit of the king and the state becomes the main focus. The early extant Saṃhitās probably originate from North India, and there is evidence that Pāñcarātra was widely practiced in Kashmir. However, from perhaps the 11th century, Pāñcarātra mainly flourished in South India. The social background of Pāñcarātra followers over the centuries has not yet been investigated in depth, but we do know that the tradition’s historical development was shaped by various social groups and subtraditions, as well as their interactions, sometimes involving rivalry.

scholarly journals The story of the lost twins: decoding the genetic identities of the Kumhar and Kurcha populations from the Indian subcontinent

BMC Genetics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranajit Das ◽  
Vladimir A. Ivanisenko ◽  
Anastasia A. Anashkina ◽  
Priyanka Upadhyai
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
South India ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Population History ◽  
North India ◽  
Geographic Population ◽  
Indian Populations ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background The population structure of the Indian subcontinent is a tapestry of extraordinary diversity characterized by the amalgamation of autochthonous and immigrant ancestries and rigid enforcement of sociocultural stratification. Here we investigated the genetic origin and population history of the Kumhars, a group of people who inhabit large parts of northern India. We compared 27 previously published Kumhar SNP genotype data sampled from Uttar Pradesh in north India to various modern day and ancient populations. Results Various approaches such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Admixture, TreeMix concurred that Kumhars have high ASI ancestry, minimal Steppe component and high genomic proximity to the Kurchas, a small and relatively little-known population found ~ 2500 km away in Kerala, south India. Given the same, biogeographical mapping using Geographic Population Structure (GPS) assigned most Kumhar samples in areas neighboring to those where Kurchas are found in south India. Conclusions We hypothesize that the significant genomic similarity between two apparently distinct modern-day Indian populations that inhabit well separated geographical areas with no known overlapping history or links, likely alludes to their common origin during or post the decline of the Indus Valley Civilization (estimated by ALDER). Thereafter, while they dispersed towards opposite ends of the Indian subcontinent, their genomic integrity and likeness remained preserved due to endogamous social practices. Our findings illuminate the genomic history of two Indian populations, allowing a glimpse into one or few of numerous of human migrations that likely occurred across the Indian subcontinent and contributed to shape its varied and vibrant evolutionary past.

Export of Tea from India: Performance and Determinants

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Export Price ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
The United States ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Adf Test

The study analyzed the trends in growth, instability, competitiveness, and determinants of tea export from India from 2001 to 2018. The analytical techniques applied in the study wereCompound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR), Nominal Protection Coefficient (NPC), Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test, and multiple linear regression analysis. The major importing countries of tea export from India were the Russian Federation, United Arab, United Kingdom, Iran, and United States of America. The CAGR in terms of tea export value to major importing countries was positive and significant in Russia, Iran, the United States of America, and the United Kingdom.The instability index was found to be more in United Kingdom (23.78percent), followed by the United Arab Emirates (22.86percent), Russia (15.35percent),the United States of America (7.89percent), andIran (6.26percent).NPCindicated that tea was a competitive export product from India, but its competitiveness decreased during the study period. The estimated regression model of determinants of tea export showed a positive and significant relationship with international price and export price. The other three variables, such as exchange rate, domestic consumption, and lagged production, were non-significant.

scholarly journals Auction Versus Posted Price Mechanisms in Online Sales: The Roles of Impatience and Dissuasion

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-88
Author(s):  
Subhasish M. Chowdhury ◽  
Debabrata Datta ◽  
Souvik Dhar
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiment ◽  
Previous Experience ◽  
Price Mechanism ◽  
Online Sales ◽  
Auction Price ◽  
Price Auction ◽  
Waiting Cost ◽  
Posted Price

If all potential buyers participate in a first-price auction, then (theoretically) the auction price weakly exceeds the price placed by the seller under a posted price mechanism. However, it is documented that in online sales sellers prefer posted price mechanism to auction. We aim to explain this empirical contradiction in terms of partial participation of the buyers in auction, prompted by impatience and dissuasion. Auction on Internet often requires waiting, and hence, many impatient participants may not join the auction process. Furthermore, a previous experience of failure in auction may also prompt buyers’ non-participation. We show, theoretically, that in the case of partial participation, the price in auction may be lower; posted price turns out to be payoff dominant for both the buyers and the sellers. We then run a laboratory experiment and verify the presence of impatience (through waiting cost) and dissuasion factor (through previous failure) among the subjects.

Ideology and Ethnicity under British Imperial Rule: ‘Brahmans’, Lawyers and Kin-Caste Rules in Madras Presidency

1989 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela G. Price
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
South India ◽  
Group Behavior ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
North India ◽  
High Status ◽  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Ideological Change ◽  
Anglo Indian

Consolidated imperial rule tends to alter the relationships among indigenous elites. Some elite groups may adjust to the new regime by joining it or otherwise becoming collaborators in rule. Others may see a marked deterioration in their former ruling status and honor. Groups which cooperated politically during the pre-colonial period may experience new tensions and enter into relationships of a more adversary nature. It is sometimes difficult for observers of social and political change to see clearly the nature of the new conflicts among elites and the directions of cleavage. For this reason a lack of consensus pervades scholarly assessments of the meaning of the development of tensions between high-status non-Brahmans and Brahmans in south India early in the twentieth century. It is not clear why anti-Brahmanism emerged in the ideology of the Justice Party, a party of landholding interests.Was this development another example of the exacerbation of social distinctions under imperial rule, analogous to the Hindu-Muslim communalism which emerged in north India? Or, as one opinion has it, was the ideological change an opportunistic maneuver on the part of a group of politicians, encouraged by British officials anxious to foil the nationalist movement? This paper takes an approach more in line with the first alternative and sees the propagation of an ideology of ethnic antagonism as a result of processes of the reformation of group and personal identities. I link the reformation of group identity to the confusion in rules regarding group behavior which resulted from the imposition and operation of the imperial system of dispute management, the Anglo-Indian legal system.

Are Speculators Unwelcome in Multi-Object Auctions?

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Pagnozzi
Keyword(s):  
Complete Information ◽  
Use Value ◽  
Uniform Price Auction ◽  
Uniform Price ◽  
Auction Price ◽  
Price Auction ◽  
Resale Market

I consider a uniform-price auction under complete information. The possibility of resale attracts speculators who have no use value for the objects on sale. A high-value bidder may strictly prefer to let a speculator win some of the objects and then buy in the resale market, in order to keep the auction price low. Although resale induces entry by speculators and therefore increases the number of competitors, high-value bidders' incentives to “reduce demand” are also affected. Allowing resale to attract speculators reduces the seller's revenue when bidders' valuations are dispersed. Speculators increase the seller's revenue only when they are outbid. (JEL D44, D83)

scholarly journals Vietnamese Tea Exporting and Forecasting to 2030

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 636-646
Author(s):  
To-The Nguyen ◽  
Nguyen-Anh Tuan ◽  
Le Phuong Thao
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Export Price ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Tea Industry ◽  
The World ◽  
Hybrid Seeds ◽  
Tea Production ◽  
The Government

This study aimed to determine the factors influencing Vietnamese tea export quantities, namely, the internal factors of national tea production, productivity, and cultivated areas, and the external factors of export price and world tea export quantity (excluding Vietnam). We employed a time-series linear model to estimate the magnitude as well as the sign of the aforementioned factors on Vietnam’s tea export quantity and two Box-Cox transformations called a simple back-transformed forecast and a bias-adjustment to forecast the growth rate of the Vietnamese tea export quantity until 2030. The results suggested that except for the total domestic tea production, all the proposed factors significantly affected the Vietnamese tea export quantity. The tea export quantity of other nations around the world had a significantly negative impact on Vietnamese tea that led to Vietnam’s tea exports dropping by 34 tons on average since the other countries exported 1,000 tons of tea. The forecasted outcome suggested an upward trend of Vietnamese tea exports up to 2030. In order to sustainably develop Vietnam’s tea industry, we recommend that the government should take supportive actions such as investing in in-depth tea processing to improve Vietnam’s tea export quality, focusing on post-harvest activities, investing in organic or high-value tea rather than conventional tea, continuing to  accumulate land to support the growth of cultivated tea areas, and maintaining high productivity by using hybrid seeds.

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