86.3. Various dialogue workshops, North India, South India in many places

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
South India ◽  
North India

Phylogeny based on 16S rDNA andnifHsequences ofRalstonia taiwanensisstrains isolated from nitrogen-fixing nodules ofMimosa pudica, in India

2004 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 313-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhash Chandra Verma ◽  
Soumitra Paul Chowdhury ◽  
Anil Kumar Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
16S Rdna ◽  
South India ◽  
Restriction Analysis ◽  
Cross Reaction ◽  
North India ◽  
Mimosa Pudica ◽  
Free Living ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Indian Isolates ◽  
Dinitrogenase Reductase

Bacterial symbionts present in the indeterminate-type nitrogen (N)-fixing nodules of Mimosa pudica grown in North and South India showed maximum similarity to Ralstonia taiwanensis on the basis of carbon-source utilization patterns and 16S rDNA sequence. Isolates from the nodules of M. pudica from North India and South India showed identical ARDRA (Amplified Ribosomal DNA Restriction Analysis) patterns with Sau3AI and RsaI, but AluI revealed dimorphy between the North Indian and South Indian isolates. Alignment of 16S rDNA sequences revealed similarity of North Indian isolates with an R. taiwanensis strain isolated from M. pudica in Taiwan, whereas South Indian isolates showed closer relatedness with the isolates from Mimosa diplotricha. Alignment of nifH sequences from both North Indian and South Indian isolates with that of the related isolates revealed their closer affinity to α-rhizobia, suggesting that nif genes in the β-rhizobia might have been acquired from α-rhizobia via lateral transfer during co-occupancy of nodules by α-rhizobia and progenitors of R. taiwanensis, members of the β-subclass of Proteobacteria. Immunological cross-reaction of the bacteroid preparation of M. pudica nodules showed strong a positive signal with anti-dinitrogenase reductase antibody, whereas a weak positive cross-reaction was observed with free-living R. taiwanensis grown microaerobically in minimal medium with and without NH4Cl. In spite of the expression of dinitrogenase reductase under free-living conditions, acetylene reduction was not observed under N-free conditions even after prolonged incubation.Key words: symbiotic nitrogen fixation, Mimosa pudica, rhizobia, phylogeny, 16S rDNA, nifH, Ralstonia taiwanensis.

Vaiṣṇava Pāñcarātra

Hinduism ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Rastelli
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
South India ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Social Background ◽  
North India ◽  
Hindu Tradition ◽  
Textual Source ◽  
The Social ◽  
Theology And Philosophy ◽  
Sanskrit Epic

The Pāñcarātra is a Hindu tradition that worships Viṣṇu as the supreme god. Its origins date back to the pre-Christian era, and certain features of it can still be found in the related Hindu-tradition of the Śrīvaiṣṇavas. Its earliest textual source, having been composed around the 3rd to the 5th century ce, is the so-called Nārāyaṇīya, which is a part of the Sanskrit epic Mahābhārata. In this text the Pāñcarātra does not yet bear the tantric features that become characteristic for the tradition as known from the Saṃhitās, which may have been composed from around the 9th century onward. The Saṃhitās are the most important texts of the tradition and are traditionally considered to have been revealed by god Viṣṇu himself. They deal with the theology and philosophy of the tradition, but most prominently with rituals. Rituals are the main means for a Pāñcarātra follower to achieve the tradition’s religious goals. As in other tantric traditions, these goals are worldly pleasures (bhukti) and liberation (mukti) from transmigration. In early Pāñcarātra Saṃhitās, rituals are to be performed by individual persons for their own benefit. In later Saṃhitās, probably due to political influences, public temple worship for the benefit of the king and the state becomes the main focus. The early extant Saṃhitās probably originate from North India, and there is evidence that Pāñcarātra was widely practiced in Kashmir. However, from perhaps the 11th century, Pāñcarātra mainly flourished in South India. The social background of Pāñcarātra followers over the centuries has not yet been investigated in depth, but we do know that the tradition’s historical development was shaped by various social groups and subtraditions, as well as their interactions, sometimes involving rivalry.

scholarly journals The story of the lost twins: decoding the genetic identities of the Kumhar and Kurcha populations from the Indian subcontinent

BMC Genetics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranajit Das ◽  
Vladimir A. Ivanisenko ◽  
Anastasia A. Anashkina ◽  
Priyanka Upadhyai
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
South India ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Population History ◽  
North India ◽  
Geographic Population ◽  
Indian Populations ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background The population structure of the Indian subcontinent is a tapestry of extraordinary diversity characterized by the amalgamation of autochthonous and immigrant ancestries and rigid enforcement of sociocultural stratification. Here we investigated the genetic origin and population history of the Kumhars, a group of people who inhabit large parts of northern India. We compared 27 previously published Kumhar SNP genotype data sampled from Uttar Pradesh in north India to various modern day and ancient populations. Results Various approaches such as Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Admixture, TreeMix concurred that Kumhars have high ASI ancestry, minimal Steppe component and high genomic proximity to the Kurchas, a small and relatively little-known population found ~ 2500 km away in Kerala, south India. Given the same, biogeographical mapping using Geographic Population Structure (GPS) assigned most Kumhar samples in areas neighboring to those where Kurchas are found in south India. Conclusions We hypothesize that the significant genomic similarity between two apparently distinct modern-day Indian populations that inhabit well separated geographical areas with no known overlapping history or links, likely alludes to their common origin during or post the decline of the Indus Valley Civilization (estimated by ALDER). Thereafter, while they dispersed towards opposite ends of the Indian subcontinent, their genomic integrity and likeness remained preserved due to endogamous social practices. Our findings illuminate the genomic history of two Indian populations, allowing a glimpse into one or few of numerous of human migrations that likely occurred across the Indian subcontinent and contributed to shape its varied and vibrant evolutionary past.

Ideology and Ethnicity under British Imperial Rule: ‘Brahmans’, Lawyers and Kin-Caste Rules in Madras Presidency

1989 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela G. Price
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
South India ◽  
Group Behavior ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
North India ◽  
High Status ◽  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Ideological Change ◽  
Anglo Indian

Consolidated imperial rule tends to alter the relationships among indigenous elites. Some elite groups may adjust to the new regime by joining it or otherwise becoming collaborators in rule. Others may see a marked deterioration in their former ruling status and honor. Groups which cooperated politically during the pre-colonial period may experience new tensions and enter into relationships of a more adversary nature. It is sometimes difficult for observers of social and political change to see clearly the nature of the new conflicts among elites and the directions of cleavage. For this reason a lack of consensus pervades scholarly assessments of the meaning of the development of tensions between high-status non-Brahmans and Brahmans in south India early in the twentieth century. It is not clear why anti-Brahmanism emerged in the ideology of the Justice Party, a party of landholding interests.Was this development another example of the exacerbation of social distinctions under imperial rule, analogous to the Hindu-Muslim communalism which emerged in north India? Or, as one opinion has it, was the ideological change an opportunistic maneuver on the part of a group of politicians, encouraged by British officials anxious to foil the nationalist movement? This paper takes an approach more in line with the first alternative and sees the propagation of an ideology of ethnic antagonism as a result of processes of the reformation of group and personal identities. I link the reformation of group identity to the confusion in rules regarding group behavior which resulted from the imposition and operation of the imperial system of dispute management, the Anglo-Indian legal system.

Indian Christians and The Making of Composite Culture in South India

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Christhu Doss
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Identity Politics ◽  
South India ◽  
North India ◽  
Educational Strategies ◽  
Indian Culture ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
Christian Communities ◽  
Indian Identity ◽  
The Devil

While North India erupted in rebellion in 1857, South India was experiencing a range of cross-cultural contests between missionary Christianity and local converts, who protested against Indian culture being dismissed as a work of the devil. Converts in the emerging Christian communities, particularly in South India, made efforts to retain their indigenous cultural ethos as part of their lived experience. Early attempts to balance Indian identity with Christian beliefs and practices were later replicated in a second anti-hegemonic movement by claims of Indian Christians for respectful inclusion into the new composite nation of postcolonial India. This article brings out how these two processes of asserting hybridity and equity developed. The initial impact of hegemonising Christianity created a chasm between missionaries and converts, which especially the latter addressed constructively. After 1857, emboldened British hegemonic and missionary activities sparked further divisive identity politics, feeding fresh rebellious ambitions that needed to be pacified to maintain the empire. As more culturally conscious Indian Christians realised that missionary Christianity was antithetical to their lived experiences as part of an emerging Indian nation, they used educational strategies to strengthen the formation of India’s composite culture, so that India’s Christians could now (re)assert their rightful place within the postcolonial nationalist framework, despite contentions from majoritarian forces.

scholarly journals MELACAK JEJAK KEBERAGAMAN ETNIS MASYARAKAT JAWA KUNO BERDASARKAN DATA PRASASTI PADA ABAD KE-7 HINGGA ABAD KE-11 MASEHI

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Nfn Harriyadi
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
South India ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
North India ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Diverse Society

The Ancient Mataram Kingdom has various inscriptions contain information about society’s social life. Java Island was mentioned several times in foreign literature and in several sites were found artifacts from outside Java. This condition indicates the possibility foreign ethnic have a direct relationship with the Javanese community. This study’s objective is to obtain several inscriptions that mention foreign ethnic in the Ancient Mataram period in the 7th to 11th centuries. Data are collected from various secondary sources that contain information about the existence of foreign ethnic. The results of this study show that Java Island was visited by foreign ethnic from North India, South India, East Asia (China), and Southeast Asia. The emergence of foreign communities in Java was caused by the improvement of the trade and economy sector which was supported by local authorities. The presence of traders that provide economic benefits for the authorities and local communities can create a diverse society and live in harmony. Kerajaan Mataram Kuno memiliki bergaram tinggalan prasasti yang memuat informasi kehidupan sosial masyarakat. Pulau Jawa beberapa kali disebutkan dalam literatur asing dan beberapa situs ditemukan artefak dari luar Jawa. Kondisi demikian memberikan indikasi adanya kemungkinan etnis asing yang menjalin hubungan langsung dengan masyarakat Jawa. Tujuan kajian ini adalah mendapatkan berbagai prasasti yang menyebutkan keberagaman etnis masyarakat Mataram Kuno pada abad ke-7 hingga ke-11. Data dikumpulkan dari berbagai sumber sekunder yang memuat informasi mengenai adanya etnis asing yang tinggal di jawa. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa Pulau Jawa pada masa Matram Kuno telah disinggahi oleh komunitas asing yang berasal dari India Utara, India Selatan, Asia Timur (Cina), dan Asia Tenggara. Latar belakang munculnya komunitas asing di Jawa adalah berkembangnya sektor ekonomi perdagangan yang mendapat dukungan dari penguasa lokal. Kehadiran para pedagang yang memberikan keuntungan ekonomi bagi penguasa dan masyarakat lokal mampu menciptakan masyarakat yang beragam dan hidup harmonis.

Future Changes in extreme precipitation over South Asia and its causes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayank Suman ◽  
Rajib Maity
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Indian Summer Monsoon ◽  
Extreme Precipitation ◽  
Indian Ocean Dipole ◽  
South India ◽  
Central India ◽  
Moisture Flux ◽  
North India

<p>Indian Summer Monsoon is vulnerable to climate change. Analysis of precipitation over India suggests more increase in extreme precipitation over south India as compared to north and central India during post-1970 (1971-2017) as compared to pre-1970 (1930-1970) (Suman and Maity, 2020). This contrast in the characteristics of extreme precipitation over south and north India is expected to continue as revealed by the analysis of precipitation from the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) simulations. Additionally, precipitation extreme are expected to shift southward over South Asia in the future (2006-2100 as compared to 1961-2005). For instance, the Arabian Sea, south India, Myanmar, Thailand, and Malaysia are expected to have the maximum increase (~18.5 mm/day for RCP8.5 scenario) in mean extreme precipitation (average precipitation for the days with more than 99<sup>th</sup> percentile of daily precipitation). However, north and central India and Tibetan Plateau show relatively less increase (~2.7 mm/day for RCP8.5 scenario). The increase in extreme precipitation over most part of South Asia can be attributed to stronger monsoon due to increase in air temperature over Tibetan Platue and Himalayas, stronger positive Indian Ocean Dipole events, and high precipitatible water over land areas in the future. However, while analysis of moisture flux and moisture convergence at 850mb, an intense eastward shift is noticed for moisture flux (over Indian Ocean region). This shift in moisture flux along with associated changes in moisture convergence over landmass are found to intensify during days with extreme precipitation. These changes are expected to intensify the observed contrast in extreme precipitation over south and north India and shift the extreme precipitation southward over south Asia, causing more extreme precipitation events in the countries like Myanmar, Thailand, Malaysia, etc.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Extreme Precipitation; Indian Summer Monsoon; Climate Change; Indian Ocean Dipole.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Reference:</strong></p><p>Suman, M., Maity, R. (2020), Southward shift of precipitation extremes over south Asia: Evidences from CORDEX data. <em>Sci Rep</em> <strong>10, </strong>6452 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-63571-x.</p>

Current Status of Ground Water Arsenic Contamination in India and Recent Advancements in Removal Techniques from Drinking Water

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seema Mishra ◽  
Sanjay Dwivedi ◽  
Amit Kumar ◽  
Jürgen Mattusch ◽  
R.D. Tripathi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
South India ◽  
North India ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Indian States ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
The Government

India is consisting of 29 states and 7 union territories, including a national capital, Delhi. Elevated concentrations (>10 g l ) of arsenic (As) in ground water (GW)  -1 of many states of India have become a major concern in recent years. Up to now about 0.2 million GW samples have been analyzed for As contamination from all over India by various researchers and Government agencies. About 90% of these cover only the Eastern part of India while several states and UTs are still unexplored. However, from the available data, GW of eighteen Indian states and three union territories has been found to be As contaminated to different extents through natural or anthropogenic origin. Among these, As >300 μg l has been reported from at least one locality from fourteen states. The -1 maximum level of As (7350 μg l ) in GW has been reported from a highly industrialized -1 area, Patancheru in Medak district of Andhra Pradesh. However, the gravity of problem is more in West Bengal followed by Bihar and Uttar Pradesh. Five out of eight North-Eastern states are also affected by As contamination. Manipur is ranked first and Assam as second followed by Arunachal Pradesh, Tripura and Nagaland. The GW in these regions is naturally As enriched, and therefore wide spatial distribution of As has been found in these areas. In North India, Punjab and Haryana and in South India, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka are suffering with GW As contamination. Low level of As (up to 17 μg l ) has also -1 been reported in Tamil Nadu from South India. Many of the states like Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand, Odisha, Gujrat, Kerala, Telengana, Goa etc. are still unexplored for GW As contamination. Thus, according to current reports out of 640 districts in India, 141 are As affected (As >10 g l-1), among them 120 are above 50 g l-1. Considering its severity, the issue of As contamination in drinking water has been taken up by the Government of India and mitigation efforts are being initiated. In order to provide safe drinking water, different agencies/ organizations have developed eco-friendly, cost effective devices/ filtration techniques having higher As removal capacity. Here we elucidated the current status of GWAs contamination in different states of India and the new developments of mitigation options.

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