scholarly journals Effect of Milky Mushroom (Calocybe indica) in Different Agricultural Residues with Different Casing Materials

2021 ◽  
pp. 518-527
Author(s):  
N. V. Gowtham Deekshithulu ◽  
Y. Naga Lakshmi ◽  
V. V. Tejaswini
Keyword(s):  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Stem Length ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Paddy Straw ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Calocybe Indica

Present study entitled was carried out in field irrigation lab, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Aditya Engineering College, Surampalem. In the present experiment locally available agricultural substrate paddy straw, sugarcane bagasse and cocopeat were tested with black soil and farm yard manner as casing materials. For parameters such as days required for spawn run, pinhead formation, harvest days, total yield and biological efficiency were determined. Significant results were obtained for all the experimental parameters and also for the stem length and cap diameter. Best substrate found was the paddy straw in the recent experiment with days required for spawn run (14 days), pin head formation (11.2 days), days for first harvest(50 days), stem length (8.07 cm), capdiameter (8.67 cm), first harvest (489.45 gm), second harvest (453.68 gm), total yield (925.24 gm), biological efficiency (94.31%). The next best in the order was coco peat followed by sugarcane bagasse. Hence this study confirms the suitability of paddy straw for cultivation to mushroom growers and farmyard manure with 15 cm casing thickness as substrate for its cultivation for achieving higher yield. The benefit cost ratio was estimated as 1.57.

Yield Performance of Calocybe indica on Different Agricultural Subatrate

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Pinkal Patel ◽  
Ratna Trivedi
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Weight Basis ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Paddy Straw ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Fresh Weight Basis ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Calocybe Indica

The Milky mushroom, Calocybe Indica was cultivated on different agricultural substrate, paddy straw, wheat straw, sugarcane trace and mango dry leaves. The spawning was done by sterilization of all the four substrate. The bags were kept in mushroom growing room with the maintenance of temperature and humidity 30̊ c-35̊ c and 70-80 % respectively. The minimum days requires for completion of spawn run (18.4 days), primordial formation (25.2 days) and days for first harvest (32.4 days) was first observed on cultivation with Paddy straw.  The maximum yield on fresh weight basis and biological efficiency (134.86 %) was also found to be as the same treatment with the Paddy straw as a substrate. The biological efficiency of wheat straw was at par with Sugarcane trace as substrate which was 85.07 % and 85.02 % respectively.

scholarly journals The Effects of Different Substrate Combinations on Growth and Yield of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Charles Muswati ◽  
Kennedy Simango ◽  
Linda Tapfumaneyi ◽  
Moses Mutetwa ◽  
Wonder Ngezimana
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Pleurotus Ostreatus ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Cotton Waste ◽  
Benefit Cost

This research was aimed at evaluating the effect of mixing substrates on the growth and yield of Oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus). Seven substrates, namely, Trt1 (cotton waste), Trt2 (wheat straw), Trt3 (crushed baobab fruit shells, 100%), Trt4 (cotton husk + wheat straw + crushed baobab fruit shells, 1 : 1 : 1), Trt5 (baobab fruit shells + cotton husks, 1 : 1), Trt6 (baobab fruit shells + wheat straw, 1 : 1), and Trt7 (cotton waste + wheat straw, 1 : 1) were used. Each treatment was replicated 5 times and laid out in a CRD. The duration of developmental stages, yield, and biological efficiency was recorded. Cotton waste demonstrated a significantly ( p < 0.05 ) higher mycelial colonization rate taking an average of 18.20 days to complete full spawn run, 23.20 days from spawning to pinhead formation, 2.80 days for pins to mature, and an average of 26.00 days to first harvest. There was a significant ( p < 0.05 ) difference in the total number of pins with cotton waste being the highest with an average of 29.80 pins, although it was not significantly different from Trt4. The highest (5.40 cm) stipe girth was recorded from Trt4 while the highest (5.22 cm) cap diameter was recorded in Trt1. There was a significant ( p < 0.05 ) difference in yield and biological efficiency. Trt1 had the highest (1.292 kg) average yield; however, it was not significantly ( p > 0.05 ) different from that of Trt4 (1.289 kg). From the research, it was observed that mixing substrate can help to increase yield and, as a result, a higher benefit-cost ratio. Therefore, further studies should be done to evaluate the effects of mixing other substrates besides the ones used in this current research.

scholarly journals Effect of integrated nutrient management (INM) on yield and economics of wheat in black soil of Gird zone of Madhya Pradesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.K. Daneliya ◽  
Pawan Sirothia ◽  
S. K. Trivedi ◽  
U.S. Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Black Soil ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Research Experiment ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Absolute Control

Present research experiment was conducted in two rabi seasons of 2014-15 and 2015-16 at experimental farm of Krishi Vigyan Kendra Aron, Guna with Twelve treatments of different combinations and doses of fertilizers, bio fertilizers and organic manure along with absolute control on wheat GW-322 in randomized block design (RBD). On the basis of two years results that the maximum grain yield (4708 kg ha-1) was recorded with 100% NPK+10t FYM+ Azotobacter + PSB was statistically at par with 150% NPK or 100% NPK + 20 kg S + 5 kg Zn / ha. treatments. Maximum net return and benefit cost ratio was recorded in 20 kg S + 5 kg Zn /ha applied with 100% NPK.

scholarly journals Effect of different spawn seed on growth and varieties of the oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus spp.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-192
Author(s):  
Farida Akter ◽  
Kamal Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Nuruddin Miah
Keyword(s):  
Oyster Mushroom ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Pleurotus Florida ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Variety Effect ◽  
Variety Show ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Benefit Cost

The effect of different spawn seed on different variety show significant effect on mycelia running rate of oyster mushroom that reduced the required days to complete mycelium running in the spawn packet compared to the sawdust alone. Effect of different spawn seed on different variety found to be significant in yield contributing characters and yield of oyster mushroom with some extent. The highest biological yield, economic yield, dry yield, biological efficiency (BE) and benefit cost ratio (BCR) 264.9g, 259.3g, 25.17g, 86.90, 9.11% respectively was observed in maize based spawn seed on the Pleurotus florida variety. Effect of different spawn seed on different variety has a profound effect on chemical composition of oyster mushroom. Considering all the parameters in this experiment, maize based spawn seed on the Pleurotus florida variety is found promising for lowering the cost of production as well as increasing the yield and quality of fruiting body. Wheat based spawn seed on the Pleuorotus ostreatus variety may be the fair choice. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.6(2): 181-192, August 2019

scholarly journals Economic assessment of lemon-based agroforestry systems established in Madhupur Sal forest area of Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-55
Author(s):  
MK Hasan ◽  
GMM Rahman ◽  
R Akter ◽  
SAK Hemel ◽  
MT Islam
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Agroforestry System ◽  
Agroforestry Systems ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Sal Forest ◽  
Sole Cropping ◽  
Benefit Cost

The study was carried out to determine the economic assessment of lemon-based agroforestry systems established in the Madhupur Sal forest during the period from May 2017 to September 2018. The study selected five lemon-based agroforestry systems viz. Lemon-Mango-Pineapple-Papaya-Ginger, Lemon-Pineapple-Papaya-Banana-Aroid, Lemon-Pineapple-Papaya-Ginger, Lemon-Mango-Turmeric-Red amaranth and Lemon-Litchi-Papaya-Banana along with three replications having 0.13 ha area for each sample plot. The control plots (without lemon plant) for each of the five lemon-based agroforestry systems were also selected. In order to calculate the economic profitability of respective agroforestry systems as well as sole cropping performance, data related to incurred cost, total yield and income from lemon and crop components were collected through practical observation, key informant interview and focus group discussion. The benefit-cost ratio (BCR) and land equivalent ratio (LER) for each of the selected agroforestry systems were also determined. From the study, it has been found that all of the lemon-based agroforestry systems were profitable than their sole cropping in respect of income, BCR, and LER. The net profit (460032 Tk/ha) indicated that the Lemon-Litchi-Papaya-Banana based agroforestry systems were financially more profitable followed by Lemon-Pineapple-Papaya-Banana-Aroid, Lemon-Mango-Pineapple-Papaya-Ginger, Lemon-Pineapple-Papaya-Ginger, Lemon-Mango-Turmeric-Red amaranth based agroforestry systems. But the BCR and LER (3.515 and 1.73) revealed that Lemon-Pineapple-Papaya-Banana-Aroid based agroforestry system was more productive followed by Lemon-Litchi-Papaya-Banana, Lemon-Mango-Pineapple-Papaya-Ginger, Lemon-Pineapple-Papaya-Ginger, Lemon-Mango-Turmeric-Red amaranth based agroforestry systems. Prior to considering the obtained results from the study, it can be concluded that lemon-based agroforestry systems are more profitable than the cultivation of sole cropping. Progressive Agriculture 31 (1): 45-55, 2020

scholarly journals Evaluation of biological and economic efficiency of the All Heifer, No Cow beef production system using a system dynamics model based on 6 yr of demonstration herd data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Harrison ◽  
J J Sheehan ◽  
G E Seidel Jr ◽  
D F Mooney ◽  
R D Rhoades ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Production System ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Variable Cost ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Beef Production ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Female Sex ◽  
Model Animal

Abstract Alternative management strategies with no cows and all heifers may improve biological and economic efficiency of beef production. The All Heifer, No Cow (AHNC) beef production system involves insemination of nulliparous heifers with female sex selected semen to produce primarily female calves that are early-weaned at 3 mo of age. Dams are finished on a high concentrate diet and harvested before 30 mo of age. The objectives of this research were to: 1) build a dynamic model of an AHNC beef production system to quantify system biological and economic efficiency; 2) compare effects of utilizing female sex-selected semen vs. conventional semen on biological and economic efficiency; 3) evaluate what-if scenarios to determine the effects on biological and economic efficiency of changing variables ±5 ,10, 15, and 20% from initial observed values; and 4) evaluate the effects on biological and economic efficiency of changing variables ±10% from initial observed values. A model was built over a 21-yr horizon using Stella Architect©. Biological parameter values in the model were based on 6 years of data collected from the management of an AHNC demonstration herd. In the model animal total digestible nutrients (TDN) intake, hot carcass weight (HCW), and age at harvest were randomized. Feed, animal and carcass prices included in the model were based on 10 yr of historical U.S. price data. Key response variables were biological and economic efficiency (mean ± SD). Biological efficiency was defined as the ratio of output (kg of HCW produced) to input (lifetime kg of feed TDN consumed), and economic efficiency was measured using a benefit-cost ratio (BCR) and unit variable cost (UVC). Over 40 simulation runs, predicted mean biological efficiency was 0.0714 ± 0.0008. Economic efficiency was 0.95 ± 0.02 and $445.41 ± 0.06 for BCR and UVC, respectively. Biological and economic efficiency was improved in the conventional semen scenario; biological efficiency was 0.0738 ± 0.0008, and BCR and UVC were 0.99 ± 0.04 and $407.24 ± 0.006, respectively. Under this parameterization and market conditions, the AHNC beef production system failed to achieve profitability under any scenario that was evaluated. However, this review did not account for the potential increased genetic benefit from a decreased generation interval and the reduction in feed energy in comparison to a conventional cow/calf system.

scholarly journals Utilization of Selected Solid Wastes Through Control Cultivation of Oyster Mushroom Pleurotus florida and its Mineral Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. 25-28
Author(s):  
Oinam Jennifer ◽  
Laishram Joymati Devi
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
First Flush ◽  
Mineral Analysis ◽  
Paddy Straw ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Saw Dust ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Bedding Materials ◽  
The Impact

An attempt was made to find out the impact of the selected substrates on the yield parameters such as sporophore initiation, first flush, total yield, biological efficiency and mineral contents. Amongst the five selected substrates used, paddy straw gave the highest in yield, biological efficiency and first flush. Mineral contents show variation according to the substrate used as bedding material. It was found that maximum amount of Calcium was found in the sample cultivated on rice husk, Potassium on paddy straw, Iron on saw dust and Phosporus on mixed substrate used as bedding materials. Through mushroom cultivation, combating food shortage and protecting the environment is possible for the sustenance of the ecosystem.

scholarly journals Studies on the evaluation of some strains of Calocybe indica P&C for cultivation in Jammu

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 2457-2465
Author(s):  
Pourush Shrikhandia S P ◽  
Geeta Sumbali
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Good Growth ◽  
Growth Behaviour ◽  
Paddy Straw ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Indian Origin ◽  
Calocybe Indica

Calocybe indica, commonly known as milky/summer white mushroom, ‘kuduk’ or ‘dudhi chatta’, is a ligno-cellulolytic, tropical mushroom of Indian origin, which requires a temperature of 30-35°C and a relative humidity of 80-90°C for good growth. It is a new introduction to the domestic mushroom family. There are 40 different species of C. indica, out of which four are edible, that is, C. carnea, C. ionides, C. gambosa and C. indica. In northern part of our country, very few efforts have been attempted towards the cultivation of C. indica. Therefore, the present study was conducted to screen some strains of C. indica viz., DMRO-309, DMRO-319, CI-6, CI-9 and APK-2 procured from Directorate of Mushroom Research, Solan for their growth behaviour, morphometric characters, yield and biological efficiency on wheat and paddy straw for cultivation in Jammu district. On the basis of the results obtained, C. indica strain DMRO-309 and APK-2 emerged as the best performers under the climatic conditions of Jammu region.

scholarly journals Different Agricultural Wastes as Substrates for Growth and Production of Pleurotus florida

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 835-841
Author(s):  
Vishal Hiwale
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Agricultural Wastes ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Paddy Straw ◽  
Pleurotus Florida ◽  
Bamboo Leaves ◽  
Pea Pod

Abstract: The present study was done impact of agricultural wastes on growth and production by oyster mushrooms i.e., Pleurotus florida which have a rich source of protein and also has important medicinal properties. The yield and Biological efficiency of different lignocellulosic agricultural wastes viz. Wheat straw, Maize leaves, Cob leaves, Jawar residue, Bajra residue, Bamboo leaves, Paddy straw, Sugarcane, Cotton, Soyabean, Safflower (Pods residue), Pigeon pea (Pods residue), Mung bean (Pods residue), Cowpea (Pods residue). the paddy straw showed the highest yield 892.25 gm with the highest biological efficiency 89.09 % followed by Cowpea pods residue gives 879.65 gm yield of Pleurotus florida and shows biological efficiency of 87.72%, followed by Wheat straw substrate showed 871.18 gm yields with 87.27 % biological efficiency. The Pigeon pea pod residue showed 865.85 gm yield during three harvestings having 86.36% biological efficiency. Similar result was seen Bajra residue and soybean pod residue in bajra residue showed 792.45gm yield during three harvestings having 79.245% biological efficiency, in soybean pod residue showed 791.63 gm yield during three harvestings having 79.163 % biological efficiency. The lowest yield was seen in Bamboo leaves and cotton residues. In cotton residue substrate 433.22 gm total yield along with 43.32% biological efficiency, Bamboo leaves substrate total yield were seen 438.12gm with 43.81 % biological efficacy. Keywords: Pleurotus florida, Agricultural waste, Substrates, Biological efficiency

Efficacy of new insecticides against okra shoot and fruit borer, Earias vitella (Fb.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

ENTOMON ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 295-300
Author(s):  
Reshma Chandran ◽  
B. Ramesha ◽  
K.M. Sreekumar
Keyword(s):  
Total Yield ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Fruit Borer ◽  
Fruit Damage ◽  
High Benefit ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

A field study conducted to evaluate the efficacy of new molecules against okra shoot and fruit borer, Earias vitella (Fb.) during rabi and summer season revealed that Chlorantraniliprole 8.8% + Thiamethoxam17.5% SC @ 0.7 ml/l significantly reduced the percentage of shoot and fruit damage. No shoot and fruit infestation was recorded at seven and fourteen days after treatment. It was on par with the standard check Chlorantraniliprole 18.5 SC @ 0.3 ml/l followed by Novaluron 10 EC @ 2 ml/l and Lamdacyhalothrin 4.6% + Chlorantraniliprole 9.3% ZC. Chlorantraniliprole 8.8% + Thiamethoxam17.5% SC treated plots recorded highest total yield of 469.86 and 594.31 g/plant respectively. Maximum marketable yield was also recorded from Chlorantraniliprole 8.8% + Thiamethoxam17.5% SC treated plots respectively. Chlorantraniliprole 8.8% + Thiamethoxam17.5% SC also showed high benefit-cost ratio of 2.42 and 3.12 during rabi and summer season respectively.

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