scholarly journals Population Abundance of the Serpentine Leaf Miner Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) (Diptera: Agromyzidae) on Four Winter Host Plants

2020 ◽  
pp. 8-15
Author(s):  
Alansary R. Elkhouly ◽  
Elmabruk A. Al Hireereeq ◽  
Mohamed, O. Albasha ◽  
Husen A. Shafsha
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Population Abundance ◽  
Sonchus Oleraceus ◽  
Monthly Average

Background: The American serpentine leafminer, L. trifolii (Burgess), is one of the most problematic insect pest species attacking large number of vegetable crops, weeds and, ornamentals. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate population abundance and host plant preference of L. trifolii on four winter host plants under Libyan conditions. Methods: Four winter host plants were studied [broad bean (Veciafaba), pea (Pisum sativum), fenugreek (trigonella finum gradum) and snow thistle (Sonchus oleraceus)]. The experimental field was about 1600m2 which divided to 12 equal plots (4 plots for each plant). Hundred leaflets infested with L. trifolii were taken from each host plant. Samples were kept in plastic bags and transferred to be examined in the laboratory. Number of living L. trifolii larvae were counted and recorded. Results: Four winter host plants were targeted for this study [broad bean (Veciafaba), pea (Pisum sativum), fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum) and snow thistle (Sonchus oleraceus)] during the growing season 2018/2019 in Alejelat region. L trifolii showed low populations in December on all studied host plants. then, developed high populations in February and March then the population decreased till the end of the growing season.  L trifolii recorded four peaks of abundance on all host plants, except snow thistle (3 peaks) the highest peak recorded 488, 322, 152 and 187 individuals/ 100 infested leaflets on broad bean, pea, fenugreek and snow thistle respectively. L. trifolii showed its highest monthly average numbers in February on Broad bean, Pea and, Fenugreek recording (383.25 ± 81.05, 256.75 ± 55.18 and, 101.5 ± 37.36 individuals / 100 infested leaflets) respectively and, (153.27 ± 27.10 individuals / 100 infested leaflets) for Snow thistle in April. On the other hand, the lowest monthly average numbers occurred in April on the four studied host plants recording (240.71 ± 113.11, 176.48 ± 59.22, 71.28 ± 24.05 and, 106.28 ± 47.73 individuals / 100 infested leaflets).

Distinction de biotypes dans des populations du puceron du pois, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), de l'Amérique du Nord

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 983-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques L. Auclair ◽  
P. N. Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
The United States ◽  
Susceptible Host ◽  
Pisum Sativum L

Virginoparae of Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) collected from three different localities in the Province of Québec, Canada (Sainte-Thérèse de Blainville, Saint-Jean, and Ile aux Coudres), and two in the United States (states of Kansas and New Mexico) were reared on two normally susceptible host plants: e.g. the broad bean, Viciafaba L., variety Windsor, and the pea, Pisum sativum L., variety Lincoln. Results from growth curves suggest that the former three clones represent one or several biotypes different from the latter two, and results from mortality and rate of reproduction indicate that the clones from Saint-Jean and Sainte-Thérèse are two different biotypes. High mortality on peas indicates further that the clone from Ile aux Coudres is a biotype different from the others, whereas the clones from New Mexico and Kansas may represent only one biotype.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Host Stinging Behavior of the Larval Ectoparasitoid Diglyphus isaea on Some Selected Host Plants

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
Alansary R. Elkhouly ◽  
Husen A. Shafsha ◽  
Almabruk A. Al Hireereeq
Keyword(s):  
Host Plants ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
The Other ◽  
Kidney Bean ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
Host Feeding ◽  
Chick Pea ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Stinging Behavior

Background: In parasitoid insects, beside parasitism, there are two other behaviors that may increase leaf miner mortality: Feeding on the host (host feeding) and, host penalization without oviposition or feeding (host stinging). Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate (host stinging) behavior of the larval ectoparasitoid D. isaea in field on some selected host plants. Methods: The present study was carried out in Alejelat region. Four selected host plants were studied, chick pea (Cicer arietinum) and broad bean (Vecia faba) as a Winter host plants and, Cow pea (Vigna unguiculate) and kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) were selected as summer host plants during the growing seasons 2018 and 2019. Samples were kept in plastic bags and transferred to be examined in the laboratory. Number of living L. trifolii larvae, and number of killed larvae according to feeding (no oviposition) by D. isaea were counted and recorded. Results: On cow pea host stung larvae recorded (156 individuals/ 100 infested leaflets) occurred in 10th of August, with (r = +0.69**) between host stung larvae and the population of L. trifolii recorded). On kidney bean host stung larvae recorded (101 individuals/ 100 infested leaflets) occurred in 24th of August, with (r = + 0.85**) value between host stung larvae and the population of L. trifolii recorded. On the other hand, the percentage of host stung larvae ranged between (5.67% and 28.22%) and (15.88% and 42.30%) for cow pea and kidney bean respectively. On broad bean host stung larvae recorded (159 individuals/ 100 infested leaflets), with (r = +0.59*) between host stung larvae and the population of L. trifolii .On chick pea host stung larvae recorded (82 individuals/ 100 infested leaflets) with (r = +0.20ns) between host stung larvae and the population of L. trifolii. On the other hand, percentages of host stung larvae ranged between (8.45% and 36.60%) and (21.80% and 87.65%) for broad bean and chick pea respectively. Conclusion: The highest percentage of host stung larvae recorded on chick pea 44.65% followed by kidney bean 24.21%, broad bean 18.45% and cow pea 12.97% respectively. On the other hand, the correlation coefficient value (r) between numbers of L. trifolii larvae and, host stung larvae recorded the highest on kidney bean +0.85** followed by cow pea +0.69**, Broad bean +0.59* and Chick pea +0.20ns  respectively.

Freedom to move: Arctic caterpillar (Lepidoptera) growth rate increases with access to new willows (Salicaceae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 148 (6) ◽  
pp. 673-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher J. Greyson-Gaito ◽  
Matthew A. Barbour ◽  
Mariano A. Rodriguez-Cabal ◽  
Gregory M. Crutsinger ◽  
Gregory H.R. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Insect Herbivore ◽  
Insect Herbivores ◽  
Common Behaviour ◽  
Gynaephora Groenlandica

AbstractMovement between host plants during the growing season is a common behaviour among insect herbivores, although the mechanisms promoting these movements are poorly understood for many systems. Two possible reasons why insect herbivores relocate include compensating for host plant quantity and/or quality changes and the avoidance of natural enemies. The Arctic caterpillar (Gynaephora groenlandica (Wocke); Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) moves several metres each day, feeds on its patchily distributed host plant, Arctic willow (Salix arctica Pallas; Salicaceae), and has two main natural enemies, the parasitoids Exorista thula Wood (Diptera: Tachinidae) and Hyposoter diechmanni (Nielsen) (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). We physically moved caterpillars between Arctic willows and restricted other caterpillar individuals each to a single willow throughout the active period of Arctic caterpillars. We found that growth rate, herbivory rate, and the proportion of available leaf fascicles eaten were higher for experimentally moved caterpillars. Parasitoid abundances were low and did not differ between experimentally moved and stationary caterpillars. Taken together, our study addresses the bottom–up and top–down controls on insect herbivore movement during the short duration of the growing season in the Arctic. Our results suggest that caterpillars are likely moving to new willow shrubs to access high quality resources.

Interspecific competition between Diadegma semiclausum Hellen and Diadegma mollipla (Holmgren), parasitoids of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L), feeding on a new host plant

2007 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Rossbach ◽  
B. Löhr ◽  
S. Vidal
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Interspecific Competition ◽  
Plutella Xylostella ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Diamondback Moth ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Progeny Production ◽  
Parasitoid Species ◽  
New Host

AbstractInterspecific competition between an introduced parasitoid species aimed at controlling a herbivorous pest species and a native parasitoid parasitising the same host may influence the success of classical biological control programmes. In Kenya, interspecific competition between an introduced and a local parasitoid on two diamondback moth populations (DBM, Plutella xylostella) was investigated on two different host plants. We tested simultaneous and delayed competition of the local parasitoid Diadegma mollipla Holmgren and its exotic congenus D. semiclausum Hellen on a newly aquired DBM host plant (snowpea) in the laboratory. Under simultaneous competition, D. mollipla produced more progeny than D. semiclausum on snowpea. A head start of D. Mollipla, of four and eight hours before its congenus was introduced, resulted in a similar number of progeny of both species. In delayed competition (time intervals of 24 h, 48 h and 72 h), progeny production was similar for both parasitoids when the time interval was 24 h, irrespective of which species parasitized first. More progeny was produced by the species which attacked first, when the time interval was greater than 24 h, although it was only significant at 72 h. Competitive abilites of both parasitoids on the new host plant differed largely between laboratory and semi-field conditions. The influence of two host plants (snowpea and cabbage) on competition was studied in the greenhouse with different host and parasitoid densities. Parasitism levels of D. semiclausum were significantly higher than those of D. mollipla, regardless of host plant, host and parasitoid densities, but progeny production of D. mollipla on snowpea was still slightly higher than on cabbage. As compared to the confinement of parasitoids and larvae to small containers, D. mollipla parasitized very few larvae in the cages. Competitive ability of the two parasitoid species tested was influenced both by the density of the searching females and by parameters related to either the host plant and/or the herbivorous hosts.

scholarly journals Possible Development of Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) on Different Host Plants in the Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Zorica Đurić ◽  
Snježana Hrnčić ◽  
Siniša Mitrić ◽  
Petar Nikolić
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
First Record ◽  
Tuta Absoluta ◽  
Green Bean ◽  
Leaf Miner ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Banja Luka

Tomato leaf miner – Tuta absoluta Meyrick (Lepidoptera, Gelechiidae) is a serious pest of tomato. A study on possible grown host plants of T. absoluta was conducted during 2015 and 2016 in a greenhouse in the area of Banja Luka (Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina - BiH). As host plants the following were used: Solanum lycopersicum – tomato, Solanum tuberosum – potato, Solanum melongena – eggplant and Phaseolus vulgaris – green bean. The plants were placed into entomological cages and exposed to infestation of 10 adults of Tuta absoluta. Feeding damages by all larval instars and the number of developed generations per year at different host plants were observed under greenhouse conditions. The study showed that tomato is a preferable host plant. This paper is the first record of green bean as an incompatible host plant for T. absoluta in BiH.

Effect of Host-plant on the Resistance of Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) to Insecticides

1957 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Potter ◽  
E. M. Gillham
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Broad Bean ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Equal Weight ◽  
Unit Body Weight ◽  
The Difference

SummaryBy means of a laboratory spraying technique, ten comparisons were made of the resistance to rotenone of samples of adult apterous viviparous parthenogenetic females of the Pea Aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), reared on broad bean and on clover, respectively. In nine of the tests, the Aphids from clover were more resistant than those from broad bean, the ratios ranging from 1·1 to 2·5. These differences were not all significant. In the remaining test the Aphids. from broan bean showed a very small increase in resistance over the Aphids from clover which was not significant.The Aphids from the clover were generally smaller than those from broad bean. Figures are given to show that while the total amount of poison retained by the larger individuals from broad bean was more than that retained by the smaller individuals from clover, the amount of poison retained per unit body weight was greater with the smaller individuals. It appears, therefore, that while the results obtained might be due, at least partially, to the greater total weight of poison retained by the larger individuals from broad bean, the difference in resistance between the insects from broad bean and clover, respectively, might be even greater if the poison were applied on the basis of equal weight of poison per unit of body weight. Since the difference in resistance between the Aphids from the two host-plants did not appear to depend primarily on difference in size, the assumption might be made that it is due to difference in nutrition. It was found that Aphids reared on clover had a significantly higher proportion of dry matter in their composition than those reared on broad bean, which may be taken as evidence that differences due to nutrition are being produced. These may lead to differences in resistance.

Epidemiology of lettuce necrotic yellows virus in South Australia. II. Distribution of virus, host plants, and vectors

1971 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 231 ◽  
Author(s):  
JW Randles ◽  
M Carver
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Rapid Method ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Serological Testing ◽  
Original Source ◽  
Sonchus Oleraceus ◽  
Potential Sources

A survey has shown that both lettuce necrotic yellows virus (LNYV) and its vector Hyperomyzus lactucae are commonly associated with the widely distributed host plant, Sonchus oleraceus. Three newly discovered naturally infected host plant species, Reichardia tingitana, Sonchus hydrophilus, and Embergeria megalocarpa, have a restricted distribution, yet their ability to support colonies of the vector shows that they are potential sources of LNYV. Both S. hydrophilus and E. megalocarpa appear to be endemic to Australasia, and the possibility that either could be the original source of LNYV is discussed. Serological relationships have been demonstrated between some isolates of LNYV. A simple and rapid method for concentrating LNYV from sap extracts for serological testing is described. Hyperomyzus carduellinus has been shown to transmit LNYV, and the distinguishing morphological characteristics of this species are described. Its geographical distribution is limited, and it was found most commonly on R. tingitana.

scholarly journals Effect of host plant on the life history of the carnation tortrix moth Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Marcin W. Zielonka ◽  
Tom W. Pope ◽  
Simon R. Leather
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Pupal Weight ◽  
Production Environment ◽  
Host Plant Species ◽  
The Uk

Abstract The carnation tortrix moth, Cacoecimorpha pronubana (Hübner, [1799]) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is one of the most economically important insect species affecting the horticultural industry in the UK. The larvae consume foliage, flowers or fruits, and/or rolls leaves together with silken threads, negatively affecting the growth and/or aesthetics of the crop. In order to understand the polyphagous behaviour of this species within an ornamental crop habitat, we hypothesized that different host plant species affect its life history traits differently. This study investigated the effects of the host plant species on larval and pupal durations and sizes, and fecundity (the number of eggs and the number and size of egg clutches). At 20°C, 60% RH and a 16L:8D photoperiod larvae developed 10, 14, 20 and 36 days faster when reared on Christmas berry, Photinia (Rosaceae), than on cherry laurel, Prunus laurocerasus (Rosaceae), New Zealand broadleaf, Griselinia littoralis (Griseliniaceae), Mexican orange, Choisya ternata (Rutaceae), and firethorn, Pyracantha angustifolia (Rosaceae), respectively. Female pupae were 23.8 mg heavier than male pupae, and pupal weight was significantly correlated with the duration of larval development. The lowest and the highest mean numbers of eggs were produced by females reared on Pyracantha (41) and Photinia (202), respectively. Clutch size differed significantly among moths reared on different host plants, although the total number of eggs did not differ. This study showed that different ornamental host plants affect the development of C. pronubana differently. Improved understanding of the influence of host plant on the moth's life history parameters measured here will help in determining the economic impact that this species may have within the ornamental plant production environment, and may be used in developing more accurate crop protection methodologies within integrated pest management of this insect.

scholarly journals Root-associated entomopathogenic fungi manipulate host plants to attract herbivorous insects

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Belén Cotes ◽  
Gunda Thöming ◽  
Carol V. Amaya-Gómez ◽  
Ondřej Novák ◽  
Christian Nansen
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Delia Radicum ◽  
Host Plant Selection ◽  
Herbivorous Insects ◽  
Herbivorous Insect ◽  
Insect Performance ◽  
Leaf Reflectance

AbstractRoot-associated entomopathogenic fungi (R-AEF) indirectly influence herbivorous insect performance. However, host plant-R-AEF interactions and R-AEF as biological control agents have been studied independently and without much attention to the potential synergy between these functional traits. In this study, we evaluated behavioral responses of cabbage root flies [Delia radicum L. (Diptera: Anthomyiidae)] to a host plant (white cabbage cabbage Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. alba cv. Castello L.) with and without the R-AEF Metarhizium brunneum (Petch). We performed experiments on leaf reflectance, phytohormonal composition and host plant location behavior (behavioral processes that contribute to locating and selecting an adequate host plant in the environment). Compared to control host plants, R-AEF inoculation caused, on one hand, a decrease in reflectance of host plant leaves in the near-infrared portion of the radiometric spectrum and, on the other, an increase in the production of jasmonic, (+)-7-iso-jasmonoyl-l-isoleucine and salicylic acid in certain parts of the host plant. Under both greenhouse and field settings, landing and oviposition by cabbage root fly females were positively affected by R-AEF inoculation of host plants. The fungal-induced change in leaf reflectance may have altered visual cues used by the cabbage root flies in their host plant selection. This is the first study providing evidence for the hypothesis that R-AEF manipulate the suitability of their host plant to attract herbivorous insects.

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