scholarly journals Role of Vitamin E in Prevention of Breast Cancer: An Epidemiological Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-47
Author(s):  
Md. Sajjadul Haque Ripon ◽  
Mohammad Asadul Habib ◽  
Miraz Hossain ◽  
Nadim Ahmed ◽  
Tanbir Kibria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Body ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Protein Kinase C Activity ◽  
Smooth Muscle Proliferation ◽  
And Control

Breast cancer rates are so high among women in more developed countries, rates are increasing in almost every region of the world. In 2018, it is reported that 627,000 women died from breast cancer. Vitamin E is a common supplement characterized by its antioxidant potential effects on many chronic conditions that prevent free radicals from harming DNA, protein and cell membranes may serve as a part of cancer growth by reducing oxidative DNA alteration. The major forms of vitamin E as an anticancer agent, which acts as major antioxidants to regulate peroxidation reactions and control free-radical production within the body, are tocopherols and tocotrienols. Since Vitamin E had first acted as a non-antioxidant, α-tocopherol has inhibited smooth muscle proliferation activity and protein kinase C activity. Although tocotrienols are mostly investigated as antioxidant effects of tocotrienol, which plays an important role in reducing the damage to DNA by decreasing the by-product of lipid peroxidation. This study aims to investigate the connection between vitamin E and also the risk of breast cancer and the outcome is that some inverse relationship between vitamin E and breast cancer exists. There has been clear evidence that vitamin E reduces the risk of human cancer but our main focus is on breast cancer, seen in many prospective and retrospective case-control, cohort and intervention studies.

Role of Rasayana in Prevention of COVID-19 - A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 716-722
Author(s):  
Sneha Dhakite ◽  
Sadhana Misar Wajpeyi
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Healthy Life Style ◽  
And Control

The “Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)” is caused by “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)”, a newly discovered member of the Coronaviridae family of viruses which is a highly communicable. There is no effective medical treatment till date for Coronavirus disease hence prevention is the best way to keep disease away. Rasayana proved to be highly efficacious and cost effective for the Prevention and Control of viral infections when vaccines and standard therapies are lacking. Rasayana Chikitsa is one of the eight branches of Ashtanga Ayurveda which helps to maintain healthy life style. Rasayana improves immunity and performs many vital functions of human body. Vyadhikshamatva that is immune mechanism of the body is involved in Prevention of the occurrence of a new disease and it also decreases the virulence and progression of an existing disease. In COVID-19 the Respiratory system mainly get affected which is evident from its symptoms like cold, cough and breathlessness. Here the drugs help in enhancing immune system and strengthening functions of Respiratory system can be useful. For this purpose, the Rasayana like Chyavanprasha, Agastya Haritaki, Pippali Rasayana, Guduchi, Yashtimadhu, Haridra, Ashwagandha, Tulsi are used. Rasayana working on Respiratory system are best for Prevention of Coronavirus and boosting immune system. Rasayana Chikitsa can be effective in the Prevention as well as reducing symptoms of COVID-19.

Biological Role of CDK 11 and 12 in Cell Cycle and its Function in Tumorigenesis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shamim Mushtaq
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Web Of Science ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Hallmarks Of Cancer ◽  
Cyclin Dependent Kinases ◽  
Tumor Studies ◽  
Cycle Regulation

Uninhibited proliferation and abnormal cell cycle regulation are the hallmarks of cancer. The main role of cyclin dependent kinases is to regulate the cell cycle and cell proliferation. These protein kinases are frequently down regulated or up regulated in various cancers. Two CDK family members, CDK 11 and 12, have contradicting views about their roles in different cancers. For example, one study suggests that the CDK 11 isoforms, p58, inhibits growth of breast cancer whereas, the CDK 11 isoform, p110, is highly expressed in breast tumor. Studies regarding CDK 12 show variation of opinion towards different parts of the body, however there is a consensus that upregulation of cdk12 increases the risk of breast cancer. Hence, CDK 11 and CDK 12 need to be analyzed to confirm their mechanism and their role regarding therapeutics, prognostic value, and ethnicity in cancer. This article gives an outline on both CDKs of information known up to date from Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science search engines, which were explored and thirty relevant researches were finalized.

Design, Synthesis and Antitumor Assessment of Phenylureas Bearing 5-Fluoroindolin-2-one Moiety

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 958-968
Author(s):  
Yunrui Cai ◽  
Tong Chen ◽  
Huajian Zhu ◽  
Hongbin Zou
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Human Breast Cancer ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Design Synthesis ◽  
Human Carcinoma ◽  
Xenograft Models ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Mcf 7

Background: The development of novel antineoplastic agents remains highly desirable. Objective: This study focuses on the design, synthesis, and antitumor evaluation of phenyl ureas bearing 5-fluoroindolin-2-one moiety. Methods: Three sets of phenylureas were designed and synthesized and their antiproliferative ability was measured against four human carcinoma cell lines (Hela, Eca-109, A549, and MCF-7) via MTT assay. In vivo anticancer activity was further evaluated in xenograft models of human breast cancer (MCF-7). Results: A total of twenty-one new compounds were synthesized and characterized by means of 1H and 13C NMR as well as HR-MS. Three sets of compounds (1a‒1c, 2a‒2c, and 3a‒3c) were initially constructed, and preliminary antiproliferative activities of these molecules were evaluated against Hela, Eca-109, A549 and MCF-7, highlighting the meta-substituted phenylureas (1a‒1c) as the most cytotoxic set. A series of meta-substituted phenylureas derivatives (1d‒1o) were then designed and synthesized for structure-activity relationship study. Most of the new compounds showed desirable cytotoxicity, among which compound 1g exhibited the most remarkable cytotoxic effects against the tested human cancer cells with IC50 values ranging from 1.47 to 6.79 μM. Further studies showed that compound 1g suppressed tumor growth in human breast cancer (MCF- 7) xenograft models without affecting the body weight of its recipients. Conclusion: In this study, twenty-one new compounds, containing the privileged structures of phenylurea and 5-fluoroindolin-2-one, were designed and synthesized. Subsequent structureactivity studies showed that 1g was the most bioactive antitumor agent among all tested compounds, hence a potentially promising lead compound once given further optimization.

Scalp cooler efficacy to reduce anthracycline-induced alopecia and its QOL impact in breast cancer

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13539-e13539 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. O. El-saka ◽  
G. El-Husseiny ◽  
Y. Rostom ◽  
A. Salama
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Body Image ◽  
Hair Loss ◽  
Emotional Functioning ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Scalp Cooling ◽  
Moderate Disturbance

e13539 Background: Hair loss is a common, unavoidable, and stressful side effect of chemotherapy. This work was performed to evaluate the role of scalp cooling in reducing anthracycline-induced hair loss and its impact on Quality of life (QOL). Methods: The study was conducted from July 2007 to August 2008. It included 120 females with breast cancer, treated in adjuvant setting. Patients were chosen according to certain criteria (age ≤ 70 years, WHO performance status 0–1, no cardiac disease, no serious psychiatric conditions, no previous chemotherapy). Patients were divided randomly into 2 groups according to whether scalp cooler was used or not during chemotherapy. Chemotherapy consisted of doxorubicin (50 mg/m2), 5-FU (500 mg/m2) and cyclophosphamide (500 mg/m2) for 6 cycles. Paxman Scalp Cooler was used. The cap was applied 20 minutes before, during and 2 hours after infusion. Hair loss was assessed using WHO criteria at each cycle and after 6 cycles of chemotherapy. QOL was assessed using EORTC QLQ-C30 and BR23. Results: After 4 cycle, 61.7 % of patients in scalp cooling group had grade 4 hair loss compared to 81.7 % of patients in control group. After 6 cycles, 85% of patients in scalp cooling group experienced grade 4 hair loss compared to 100% of patients in the control group. Only 9 patients (15%) in the scalp cooling group developed grade 1–2 hair loss. No significant relation was found between the degree of hair loss and the liver function tests. Most patients (73.3%) were comfortable during cooling. QOL scores were comparable between the two groups except for emotional functioning and body image. In the hair loss group, 71.2% of patients showed severe disturbance of emotional functioning and 54.1% of patients had moderate disturbance in body image. In hair preservation group (9 patients), 77.8% developed moderate disturbance of emotional functioning and all patients had mild disturbance in the body image. Conclusions: The role of scalp cooling is limited at the total dose of 300 mg/m2 doxorubicin. It may be more effective with fewer cycles or less aggressive drug combination. Hair loss affects various aspects of QOL, especially emotional functioning and body image. More time is needed to assess the long term effect of hair loss on QOL and the incidence of scalp metastasis in the two study groups. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Body and law in late Anglo-Saxon England

1998 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 209-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine O'Brien O'Keeffe
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Manuscript Production ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Control ◽  
Point Of Departure

This article explores some textual dimensions of what I argue is a crucial moment in the history of the Anglo-Saxon subject. For purposes of temporal triangulation, I would locate this moment between roughly 970 and 1035, though these dates function merely as crude, if potent, signposts: the years 970×973 mark the adoption of the Regularis concordia, the ecclesiastical agreement on the practice of a reformed (and markedly continental) monasticism, and 1035 marks the death of Cnut, the Danish king of England, whose laws encode a change in the understanding of the individual before the law. These dates bracket a rich and chaotic time in England: the apex of the project of reform, a flourishing monastic culture, efflorescence of both Latin and vernacular literatures, remarkable manuscript production, but also the renewal of the Viking wars that seemed at times to be signs of the apocalypse and that ultimately would put a Dane on the throne of England. These dates point to two powerful and continuing sets of interests in late Anglo-Saxon England, ecclesiastical and secular, monastic and royal, whose relationships were never simple. This exploration of the subject in Anglo-Saxon England as it is illuminated by the law draws on texts associated with each of these interests and argues their interconnection. Its point of departure will be the body – the way it is configured, regarded, regulated and read in late Anglo-Saxon England. It focuses in particular on the use to which the body is put in juridical discourse: both the increasing role of the body in schemes of inquiry and of punishment and the ways in which the body comes to be used to know and control the subject.

scholarly journals Comparison of Oxidant-Antioxidant Status in Patients with Vitiligo and Healthy Population

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Agrawal ◽  
A Kumar ◽  
TK Dhali ◽  
SK Majhi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Destruction Of Melanocytes ◽  
And Control

Background Vitiligo is a well-recognized pigmentary disorder of the skin and /or mucous membrane characterized by circumscribed ivory or chalky white macules devoid of identifiable melanocytes. The pathogenesis of vitiligo is complex and still not well understood. According to autocytotoxic hypothesis, oxidative stress has been suggested to be the initial pathogenic event in melanocyte degeneration. The role of free radicals and oxidative damage in the pathophysiology of vitiligo has been documented in recent studies.Objective To evaluate the role of oxidative stress in patients with vitiligo and of healthy controls by measuring levels of the oxidant malondialdehyde (MDA) and antioxidants vitamin C and vitamin E in serum and catalase (CAT) in erythrocytes.Method A total of 80 clinically diagnosed cases of vitiligo and 80 control subjects were included in the study to assess the activity of MDA, vitamin C and vitamin E in serum and CAT in erythrocytes of patients and controls by using the spectrophotometric assay.Result There was statistically significant increase in the levels of MDA in patients with vitiligo compared to the control group (p<0.001). No significant difference was found in the levels of vitamin C (p=0.411) and vitamin E (p=0.771) between the patients with vitiligo and control group. The levels of CAT in the vitiligo patients were found to be significantly lower than those of controls (p<0.001).Conclusion Increased oxidative stress and decreased catalase have been observed in vitiligo patients and the data suggesting that the free radicals may be involved in the destruction of melanocytes or dysregulation of melanogenesis.Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.12(2) 2014: 132-136

scholarly journals ROLE OF BILWADI AGADA IN PREVENTION OF COVID - 19

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 3939-3944
Author(s):  
Varun Rajpuria ◽  
Anitta James
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ayurvedic Medicine ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
And Control

Agada Tantra is a specialized branch of Ayurveda which mainly deals with Visha (Poison) and its management mainly through special formulations called Agada Yogas which counteract the deleterious actions of poison over the body. There are numerous such formulations which are unique because of their potent ingredients and fast action. Bilwadi Agada is one among such Yogas. In December 2019, a series of acute atypical respiratory disease occurred in Wuhan and then rapidly spread to other areas. It was soon discovered that a novel Corona Virus was responsible, and this was named as the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (2019) due to its high homology to SARS-CoV-2 which caused Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and high mortality during 2002–2003 in China. According to Ayurveda, this novel Corona is a Jangama Visha as it is of zoonotic origin. It affects the upper respiratory tract so is the movement of Jangama Visha which moves upward and affects those areas. It is also mentioned in Ayurvedic treatise that the Jangaman Visha should be treated with Sthavara dravyas. Bilwadi gutika is an Ayurvedic medicine prepared from thirteen medicinal plants triturated in goat’s urine. When we compare the primary symptoms of COVID-19 and the indications of Bilwadi gutika, we can see so many similarities. The main objective of this article is to discuss the therapeutic and pharmacological properties of Bilwadi Agada and thereby understanding its role in prevention and control of COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Evaluation of protective effect of myricetin, a bioflavonoid in dimethyl benzanthracene-induced breast cancer in female Wistar rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 107-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Jayakumar ◽  
P. Nirmala ◽  
B.A. Praveen Kumar ◽  
Ashok P. Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Treated Animal ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
And Control

Abstract Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Alarmingly, the incidence of breast cancer is rising rapidly in India. Aim: The present research was focused to assess the role of myricetin; a bioflavonoid in 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (DMBA)-induced breast cancer in female Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: A total of 36 female Wistar rats (total 6 groups, n = 6 per group) 6 - 8 weeks old, weighing 150 gm were used in the study. DMBA was given at the dose of 7.5 mg/kg subcutaneously in the mammary region once a week for 4 consecutive weeks in group 2. Vincristine was given in the dose of 500 μg/kg intraperitonially every week for 4 consecutive weeks in group 3. Myricetin was given orally in a dose of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg in group 4, 5, and 6 respectively. The statistical significance of the data was determined using one way analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range test. Results: The result showed that myricetin increased the antioxidant levels in plasma, erythrocyte lysate, and breast tissue and was effective in preventing the oxidative damage induced by the carcinogen DMBA. Myricetin 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg/oral for 120 days treated animal resulted comparable results to that of standard vincristine and control groups. Conclusions: Myricetin was found to be either equieffective or more effective than vincristine in all the parameters studied. Myricetin proved the capacity of flavonols to act as antioxidant in cells represents a potential treatment in the field of oncology.

scholarly journals In vivo NCL targeting affects breast cancer aggressiveness through miRNA regulation

2013 ◽  
Vol 210 (5) ◽  
pp. 951-968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia Pichiorri ◽  
Dario Palmieri ◽  
Luciana De Luca ◽  
Jessica Consiglio ◽  
Jia You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Mirna Regulation ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Specific Subset ◽  
Cancer Aggressiveness

Numerous studies have described the altered expression and the causal role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in human cancer. However, to date, efforts to modulate miRNA levels for therapeutic purposes have been challenging to implement. Here we find that nucleolin (NCL), a major nucleolar protein, posttranscriptionally regulates the expression of a specific subset of miRNAs, including miR-21, miR-221, miR-222, and miR-103, that are causally involved in breast cancer initiation, progression, and drug resistance. We also show that NCL is commonly overexpressed in human breast tumors and that its expression correlates with that of NCL-dependent miRNAs. Finally, inhibition of NCL using guanosine-rich aptamers reduces the levels of NCL-dependent miRNAs and their target genes, thus reducing breast cancer cell aggressiveness both in vitro and in vivo. These findings illuminate a path to novel therapeutic approaches based on NCL-targeting aptamers for the modulation of miRNA expression in the treatment of breast cancer.

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