scholarly journals Study of the Effects of Soil Acidity and Salinity on Aluminium Mobility in Selected Soil Samples in Sri Lanka

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-67
Author(s):  
H. A. D. D. T. Gunasekera ◽  
R. C. L. De Silva
Keyword(s):  
Detection Limit ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Molecular Ions ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Flame Atomic Absorption

Aluminium is the most abundant metal in the earth’s crust. In soil, aluminum is mainly found in the mineral form as aluminosilicates and aluminum oxides and this aluminium is in stable inactive form. In addition, Al can be found as precipitates or in very minute quantities appear in soluble forms such as conjugated organic and inorganic, and molecular ions. Aluminium mobility and as a consequence aluminium toxicity, is mainly restricted to acid environments. Depending on the soil pH these mobile forms are capable of influencing biological systems. Aluminium has low mobility under most environmental conditions. However, below a pH of 4.0 its solubility increases and aluminium is released from silicate rocks under such acidic conditions. The levels of dissolved aluminium in natural groundwater samples are generally low, probably due to its low solubility at neutral pH values. Release of acids by anthropogenic activities influence the soil acidity levels. Therefore, elevated levels of aluminium have been found in acidified soil solutions and surface waters causing harmful effects to living organisms. The present study was aimed at proving the above theoretical hypothesis and existence of a possible relationship between soil salinity and soil acidity on the concentration of mobile aluminium ions in samples obtained during the location surveys. Samples were collected from selected locations in Ratnapura, Rathupaswala, Marawila, Mabima and Muthurajawela to get different soil types and the survey results were used to test the hypothetical relationship between the presence of the stated factors, and the existence of a high concentration of mobile aluminium in the soil water samples. The analysis covered basic parameters such as soil pH, soil cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil organic matter, soil electrical conductivity and the influence of the concentration of mobile aluminium at different pH and Na+ concentration levels. The total aluminium concentration in the soil was assayed by digesting samples with strong acid. Concentration of mobile aluminium in soil samples were analyzed using the flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results indicated that there is no clear relationship between mobile aluminium and total aluminium in the soil. It was also found that the concentration of mobile aluminium released increased with decrease in soil pH and that the increase was marked when the pH of soil water was less than 4.0. Highest mobile aluminium release to the soil solution was found from Mabima sites [at pH 5.00 was 0.54 (±0.06) mg kg-1 of dry soil, at pH 0.00 was 90.12 (±7.01) mg kg-1] and least in samples from Marawila sites [at pH 5.00 was 0.48 (±0.03) mg kg-1, at pH 0.00 was 4.52 (±0.36) mg kg-1]. This result confirmed that there is an effect of soil acidity on the concentration of mobile aluminium in the soil but with no direct correlation. Results also showed that the concentration of mobile aluminium released increased with increasing soil salinity and that the increase was rapid when the Na+ ion concentration was higher than 2.0 %. Highest mobile aluminium release to the soil solution was found from Muthurajawela sites [Na+ 1.0% = lower than detection limit, Na+ 5.0% = 9.87 (±0.67) mg kg-1] and least found from Marawila sites [Na+1.0% = lower than detection limit, Na+ 5.0% = 2.24 (±0.23) mg kg-1] confirming the effect of soil salinity on the concentration of mobile aluminium in the soil. The study also points towards the future opportunities for research to confirm these findings using wider samples and employing more vigorous research methodologies.

EFFECTS OF SOIL ACIDITY ON RHIZOBIA NUMBERS, NODULATION AND NITROGEN FIXATION BY ALFALFA AND RED CLOVER

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. RICE ◽  
D. C. PENNEY ◽  
M. NYBORG
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments

The effects of soil acidity on nitrogen fixation by alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) were investigated in field experiments at 28 locations, and in greenhouse experiments using soils from these locations. The pH of the soils (limed and unlimed) varied from 4.5 to 7.2. Rhizobia populations in the soil, nodulation, and relative forage yields (yield without N/yield with N) were measured in both the field and greenhouse experiments. Rhizobium meliloti numbers, nodulation scores, and relative yields of alfalfa decreased sharply as the pH of the soils decreased below 6.0. For soils with pH 6.0 or greater, there was very little effect of pH on any of the above factors for alfalfa. Soil pH in the range studied had no effect on nodulation scores and relative yields of red clover. However, R. trifolii numbers were reduced when the pH of the soil was less than 4.9. These results demonstrate that hydrogen ion concentration is an important factor limiting alfalfa growth on acid soils of Alberta and northeastern British Columbia, but it is less important for red clover. This supports the continued use of measurements of soil pH, as well as plant-available Al and Mn for predicting crop response to lime.

An alternative method for determination of cations in solution of small soil samples

1969 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-231
Author(s):  
Gustavo A. Martínez ◽  
David R. Bouldin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Alternative Method ◽  
Water Ratio

A series of equations based on relations between exchangeable and soil solution ions were evaluated to find an appropriate procedure to determine the activity of cations in soil solution of small soil samples. The effectiveness of the developed equations was maintained even when the sample was submitted to variations in the type of salt added to the soil in the soil water ratio (SWR) used to extract the ions in solution.

scholarly journals Bioavailability of Sulfur from Waste Obtained during Biogas Desulfurization and the Effect of Sulfur on Soil Acidity and Biological Activity

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Tabak ◽  
Aneta Lisowska ◽  
Barbara Filipek-Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Sulfur Oxidation ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Soil Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Waste Reuse

Sulfur deficiency has been recognized as a limiting factor for crop production in many regions of the world. A 120-day incubation experiment was conducted to assess the effect of the applied waste elemental sulfur on sulfur bioavailability in soil. Four doses of sulfur were applied: 10, 20, 30 and 60 mg S kg−1 dry matter (d.m.) of soil. In order to assess the effect of soil pH adjustment on sulfur oxidation, the research was conducted on two sets of soil samples: one set of soil samples had natural pH, and the second one was limed before sulfur application. Application of waste sulfur slightly affected the soil pH, and increased the content of available sulfur in soil proportionally to sulfur dose. A beneficial effect of waste sulfur application on soil dehydrogenase and catalase activity was found. Liming reduced soil acidity, and significantly increased sulfate content and soil enzymatic activity. Waste elemental sulfur may be an alternative source of sulfur, supplementing the deficiencies of this element in soils. The described way of sulfur waste reuse corresponds with the increasingly common approach to create waste-free technologies in all economy.

Káliumföldpát, savkezelés és száradás-nedvesedés hatása a talajoldat káliumkoncentrációjára

2005 ◽  
Vol 54 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 121-138
Author(s):  
Julianna Csillag ◽  
András Lukács ◽  
Géza Pártay ◽  
Krisztina Rajkainé Végh
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Potassium Concentration ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Acid Load ◽  
Water Contents

Experiments were carried out on an acidic, clay loam soil (Ragály) to study the release of potassium into the soil solution as affected by soil acidification and soil water content. Two replicates of air-dried samples were acidified with HCl solutions to various water contents: soil suspensions (at 1:10, 1:5, 1:2.5 and 1:1 soil:water ratios) and wet soil samples having water potentials of -0.1 kPa, -20 kPa and -100 kPa were prepared. Constant acid loads, corresponding to 0, 5, 12.5, 25, 37.5, 50 and 62.5 mmol H+/kg soil were applied to each soil water content series. At field capacity acid loads of 75, 87.5 and 100 mmol H+/kg soil were also applied. After one week of incubation the liquid phases were extracted by centrifugation with a rotor speed corresponding to -1500 kPa (equal to the conventional wilting point of plants). At constant soil water content, the potassium concentration in the liquid phase of the soil (cK) increased with decreasing pH according to an exponential relationship (cK = a e-bpH). The slope (b) was higher at low soil water contents. At constant acid load, the potassium concentration in the liquid phase increased with decreasing soil water content (q) according to a hyperbolic relationship cK = a' + b' {1 / (qq-qq')}, where q' denotes the gravimetric soil water content at -1500 kPa water potential. The slope (b') was higher at lower pH values. The combined effect of the matrix of changing acid load and soil water content gave a three-dimensional surface characterizing the plant available potassium concentration over a wide range of these parameters: ln cK (mg/L) = 4.79 - 0.66 pH + 9.79 {1/(qq-qq'); R2 = 0.87. A finely ground (<100 mmm) feldspar mixture (80% orthoclase + 20% albite) was added as potassium source to the air-dried samples of a slightly acidic sandy soil in 0:1, 1:3 and 1:1 feldspar:soil ratios (Somogysárd). Two replicates of the control and feldspar-enriched soil samples were moistened to field capacity with HNO3 solutions of 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0 mol/L concentrations (equal to acid loads of 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 mmol H+/kg soil). The soil solution was extracted with the above centrifugation method. After feldspar application, the potassium concentration in the soil solution increased many times as compared with the control. Due to acid treatment the soil pH decreased by three units and the potassium concentration in the soil solution increased according to a saturation curve. Due to a two-unit decrease in soil pH, the potassium concentration increased threefold in the control and sixfold in feldspar-enriched (1:3) soil. This decrease in pH may take place due to root activity, promoting the dissolution of potassium minerals, and increasing potassium availability in the rhizosphere. The impact of drying-rewetting was also studied at the above feldspar:soil ratios. After one week of incubation the samples were kept in open vessels for one year, irrigated weekly with distilled water to field capacity, then the soil solution was extracted by centrifugation. The concentrations were compared to those measured in a soil solution obtained from soil not subjected to the drying-rewetting procedure. The potassium concentration decreased in the liquid phase of the soil with no added feldspar: presumably it entered more strongly bounded forms during the drying-rewetting cycles. In the feldspar-enriched soil, however, the potassium concentration in the soil solution increased, which may be the consequence of the slow dissolution of the feldspar mineral.

scholarly journals An Investigation of the Relationship between the Electrical Conductivity of the Soil Saturated Paste Extract ECe with the Respective Values of the Mass Soil/Water Ratios 1:1 and 1:5 (EC1:1 and EC1:5)

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (11) ◽  
pp. 661 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Kargas ◽  
Iakovos Chatzigiakoumis ◽  
Athanasios Kollias ◽  
Dimitrios Spiliotis ◽  
Petros Kerkides
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Water Mass ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Standard Methodology ◽  
Mass Ratios ◽  
The Relationship

The standard methodology for the soil salinity assessment is provided through the determination of the electrical conductivity (EC) of the soil saturated paste extract, ECe. This approach is cumbersome and tedious. Instead of this, it appears easier to measure the EC of various soil over water mass ratios, (soil:water), such as 1:1, 1:5. In the present study an attempt is made to compare the ECe methodology with the methods providing the EC1:1 and EC1:5. ECe, and EC1:1 or EC1:5 values were obtained from 198 soil samples from 5 different locations in Greece. It was shown that the methods providing EC1:1 and EC1:5 values are linearly correlated to the ECe methodology with a high correlation coefficient (R2 > 0.93).

scholarly journals Prediction of molybdenum availability to plants in differentiated soil conditions

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 491-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rutkowska Beata ◽  
Szulc Wiesław ◽  
Spychaj-Fabisiak Ewa ◽  
Pior Natalia
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Sandy Soils ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Displacement Method ◽  
Soil Solutions ◽  
Solution Studies ◽  
Positive Correlations

The aim of the study was to assess of plant available molybdenum (Mo) resources in the solutions of soils as well as to evaluate the effects of selected soil properties on changes of the Mo concentration in the soil solution. Sixty-two soil samples were investigated. The soil solutions were obtained by modified vacuum displacement method. The results showed that Mo concentrations in the soil solutions were much differentiated, ranging from 0.002 to approximately 0.100 µmol/L. Positive correlations were found between soil solution Mo concentration and soil pH as well as the contents of available phosphorous and organic carbon in soil. At the same time, Mo concentration was higher in the soil solutions obtained from soils with larger amounts of soil particles with diameter lesser than<br /> 0.02 mm. Among the analysed soil parameters in this study, soil pH is the most important factor that influences the Mo concentration in soil solution. Studies have shown that in acid sandy soils the amount of molybdenum found in the soil solution is too small to cover the nutritional requirements of the plants. This indicates the need of fertilization with this element. Regular liming of soils and fertilization with phosphorus can improve the availability of molybdenum to plants.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN KELERENGAN DENGAN KADAR AIR TANAH, PH TANAH, DAN PENAMPILAN JERUK GERGA DI KABUPATEN LEBONG

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
Nurlina Banjarnahor ◽  
Kanang Setyo Hindarto ◽  
Fahrurrozi Fahrurrozi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Slope Steepness ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Orange Trees

[RELATIONSHIP OF SLOPE STEEPNESS TO SOIL WATER CONTENT, SOIL PH, AND PERFORMANCES OF GERGA ORANGE AT LEBONG REGENCY]. In Lebong Regency, gerga orange is commonly grown in hilly areas and many of the crop stands were found on steep sloped land. Objective of this study was to determine the pattern of relationship of slope steepness to soil water content, soil pH, and the overall plant performances. Soil samples were collected from the area below the canopy of 300 gerga orange trees differing in the slope steepness for for soil water content (SWC) and soil pH.  The observation of plant performances were also made from the same tree as used for the soil properties observations. The analysis of regression indicated that relationship of slope steepness to both the observed soil properties and plant performances could be represented by the linear models suggesting that all the observed variables were reduced along with the increasing slope steepness.

scholarly journals Pemetaan Kemasaman Tanan dan Analisis Kebutuhan Kapur di Kecamatan Keumala Kabupaten Pidie

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nazir ◽  
Muyassir Muyassir ◽  
Syakur Syakur
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Observation Point ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Regular Pattern ◽  
Land Distribution ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Made In

Abstrak. Kemasaman tanah merupakan salah satu sifat yang penting, sebab terdapat hubungan pH dengan ketersediaan unsur hara juga terdapat beberapa hubungan antara pH dengan sifat-sifat tanah. Untuk mendapatkan kemasaman tanah di lapangan diperlukan peta pengambilan sampel. Setelah mendapatkan peta kemasaman tanah diperlukan adanya analisis kebutuhan kapur sehingga memperoleh hasil yang baik untuk perubahan kemasaman tanah menjadi netral. Untuk menetralkannya diperlukan pengapuran tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyebaran kemasaman tanah di Kecamatan Keumala sekaligus mengetahui kebutuhan kapur di lahan pertanian. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Keumala Kabupaten Pidie. Penelitian ini adalah metode grid yaitu dengan pengambilan sampel tanah pada luas 1 km2 per titik sampel dengan menggunakan bor tanah dan menggunakan GPS untuk menuju ketitik koordinat sampel tanah yang telah ditentukan. Dalam metode ini, pengamatan dilakukan dalam pola teratur pada interval titik pengamatan yang berjarak sama dalam kedua arah. Hasil analisis pH tanah di Kecamatan Keumala terdiri atas tiga kategori yaitu agak masam dengan pH berkisar (5,6-6,5), netral dengan pH berkisar (6,6-7,5), dan agak alkalis dengan pH berkisar (7,6-8,5). Sebaran luas areal lahan berdasarkan nilai pH tanah adalah lahan dengan pH agak masam seluas 171,05 ha, pH netral seluas 551,88 ha dan pH agak alkalis seluas 4.162,94 ha. Tanah pada Kecamatan Keumala tidak membutuhkan  kapur dikarenakan hasil pH tanah yang telah di uji di laboratorium didapatkan hasil, yaitu pH tanah yang ada di lahan tersebut adalah agak masam, netral dan agak alkalis, sedangkan yang mendominasi adalah pH agak alkalis. Hasil Al-dd tidak didapatkan pada saat uji di laboratorium tersebut.  Mapping Soil Acidity and Analysis of Lime Requirement InDistrict of Pidie District Keumala  Abstract. Soil acidity is one trait that is important, because there is a relationship of the pH with the availability of nutrient elements, there are some relationship between the pH with soil properties. To get the soil acidity in the field needed a map of sampling. After getting the map of soil acidity required the existence of a needs analysis of lime so as to obtain a good result for a change acidity the soil becomes neutral. Neutralization is required for liming the soil. This research aims to know the spread of soil acidity in district Keumala while knowing the needs of lime on agriculture land. This research was carried out in district of pidie regency keumala. This research is a method of the grid that is by sampling the soil at 1 km2 per sample point by using a drill ground and use the GPS to get to the point coordinates of the soil samples have been determined. In this method, the observations made in a regular pattern on the observation point of the interval is the same in both directions. The results of the analysis of the soil pH in Keumala consists of three categories. Somewhat Dour with the pH range (3.5-6.5), neutral with a pH range (6.6-7.5), and somewhat alkalis with pH ranges (7.6-8.5). The vast acreage of land distribution is based on the value soil pH is a land with a pH somewhat wry covering 171.05 ha, 551.88 ha area of neutral pH and pH is somewhat alkalis 4,162.94 ha. Land at distruct Keumala don't need lime because soil pH results that have been tested in the laboratory results are obtained, namely soil pH that is on the land is somewhat Dour, alkalis and rather neutral, whereas pH was somewhat dominating alkalis. The results of Al-dd is not obtained at the time of testing in the laboratory. 

scholarly journals FLUKTUASI FOSPOR DAN KEMASAMAN PADA AGREGAT TANAH DI PERKEBUNAN TEH YANG BERUMUR 36 TAHUN DI KECAMATAN GUNUNG TALANG, KABUPATEN SOLOK

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-219
Author(s):  
Bori Heria Fadli ◽  
Syafrimen Yasin ◽  
Y Yulnafatmawita
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Volumetric Method ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Soil Minerals ◽  
Tea Plantation ◽  
P Content ◽  
Aggregate Fractions

Soil acidity is the dominant factor in the phosphate amount, distribution of nutrients in the aggregate is important to supporting nutrient requirement and cycling. Furthermore, Al-P and Fe-P or Ca-P bonds trapped in soil minerals, also physically protected from loss due to associate with aggregates. Thus, the factual limitation of phosphorus becomes a topic, including various aggregate fractions changes and their effect on the slope. Soil samples were taken from 36 years old plantations consisting of 45 points with two depths (0 - 20 cm and 20 - 40 cm) on a various slope, soil samples fractionated into several aggregate fractions, namely micro (<250 µm), meso (250-2000 µm) and macro-aggregates (2,000-5,000 µm). For chemical analysis, soil pH was measured by pH meter, aluminium with the volumetric method, and P-available with Bray method. Based on the analysis, it is known that the P content in the meso aggregate is higher than P content in the macro aggregate ± 0.055 g m-2 for 0 - 20 cm ± 2.136 g m-2 for 20-40 cm depth, and ± 1.058 g m-2 for slope of 0-8% at 0-20 cm depth. In total, phosphate in the tea plantation area is very low.

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