Multidrug Resistance and the Predominance of blaCTX-M in Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae of Animal and Water Origin

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bilel Hassen ◽  
Senda Sghaier ◽  
Mohamed Salah Abbassi ◽  
Mohamed Amine Ferjani ◽  
Meriam Ben Said ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Water Origin ◽  
Class 1 ◽  
Synergy Test ◽  
Animal Isolates

The aim of this work was the genetic characterization of cefotaxime-resistant enterobacteria from animals (53 samples), the surface water of rivers (17 samples), and wastewater treatment plants (43 samples) in Tunisia. A total of 48 (42.4%) cefotaxime-resistant isolates were recovered. An extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype with a positive double-disk synergy test (DDST) was exhibited by 34 (70.8%) and 14 (29.1%) isolates from water and animal origins, respectively. Isolates from water were identified as: <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>n</i> = 17), <i>Hafnia</i> spp<i>.</i> (<i>n</i> = 13), <i>Citrobacter</i> spp<i>.</i> (<i>n</i> = 1), <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i> (<i>n</i> = 1), <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i> (<i>n</i> = 1), and <i>K. oxytoca</i> (<i>n</i> = 1). Animal isolates were identified as: <i>E. coli</i> (<i>n</i> = 11), <i>E. cloacae</i> (<i>n</i> = 1), <i>Hafnia</i> spp<i>.</i> (<i>n</i> = 1), and <i>K. pneumoniae</i> (<i>n</i> = 1). PCR investigation of <i>bla</i><sub>CTX-M</sub>, <i>bla</i><sub>TEM</sub>, and <i>bla</i><sub>SHV</sub> genes showed that amongst the 48 isolates with a positive DDST, 41 (87.5%) carried the <i>bla</i><sub>CTX-M</sub> gene, 1 isolate harbored the <i>bla</i><sub>SHV</sub> gene, and 1 isolate coharbored <i>bla</i><sub>CTX-M</sub> with <i>bla</i><sub>SHV</sub> genes. The class 1 and 2 integrons were detected in 27 (56.2%) and 1 (2%) isolates, respectively. Our study showed a significant occurrence of ESBL-producing enterobacteria in animals and aquatic environments with a predominance of <i>bla</i><sub>CTX-M</sub> genes.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae in a Saudi Arabian tertiary hospital

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (03) ◽  
pp. 282-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoda Hassan ◽  
Baha Abdalhamid
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
M Gene ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Vitek 2 ◽  
High Level

Introduction: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli (E. coli), Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae), and Proteus mirabilis (P. mirabilis). In addition, different methods for detection of these enzymes, including the newly introduced CHROMagar ESBL, were evaluated. Methodology: A total of 382 Enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates were obtained from King Fahad Specialist Hospital – Dammam, during 2011 and screened for production of ESBL using advanced expert system of Vitek 2, CHROMagar and ESBL-E-strips. PCR assay was used to detect blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M genes. Susceptibility to a panel of antibiotics was determined. Results: The overall proportion of ESBL-producing enterobacterial isolates was 30.6%, which was higher in E. coli (35.8%) than in K. pneumoniae (25.7%). ESBL genotypes showed remarkable increase in the CTX-M (97.4%) compared to SHV (23.1%). The predominant ESBL was CTX-M- 15 (92.1 %). No TEM ESBL was detected in this study. The Vitek2 showed the highest sensitivity (100%), and the CHROMagar had the lowest specificity (97.3%) compared to the molecular method. All isolates were susceptible to imipenem and meropenem. Conclusions: This study confirms a high level of blaCTX-M positive ESBL isolates are circulating in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. The trend of a multidrug-resistant profile associated with the recovery of the blaCTX-M gene is alarming.

Molecular Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase Resistance in Escherichia coli from Poultry Droppings in Keffi, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
S. C. Tama ◽  
Y. B. Ngwai ◽  
I. H. Nkene ◽  
R. H. Abimiku
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Esbl Production ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Synergy Test ◽  
Poultry Droppings

Objectives: The present study reports extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production in E. coli isolates from poultry droppings from selected poultry farms in Keffi, Nigeria. Methods: Seventy-five (75) samples of poultry droppings were collected, and E. coli was isolated using standard microbiological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and minimum inhibitory concentrations were evaluated as described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Phenotypic confirmation of ESBL production by the isolates was carried out using double disc synergy test.  Molecular detection of ESBL genes was carried out using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. Results: All (100%) samples had E. coli. Antimicrobial resistance in the isolates were as follows: imipenem (12.0%), gentamicin (20.0%), cefoxitin (37.3%), cefotaxime (41.3%), ceftazidime (44.0%), ciprofloxacin (48.0%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (58.7%), streptomycin (92.0%),  sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (92.0%) and ampicillin (98.7%). Joint resistance to ampicillin, sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim-streptomycin was the commonest resistance phenotype at 10.6%. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) was observed in 97.3% (73/75) of the isolates; and the most common MAR indices were 0.7 (21.9%), 0.5 (17.8%), 0.4 (16.4%), 0.8 (11.1%) and 0.3 (10.9%). Twenty three (46.9%) of the 49 cefotaxime/ceftazidime isolates were confirmed ESBL producers. Twenty-two of the 23 ESBL positive isolates (95.7%) carried the bla genes as follows: 95.5% (21/22) for blaSHV; 68.2% (15/22) for blaTEM; and 50.0% (11/22) for blaCTX-M. Eleven (50%) of the 22 isolates carried two bla genes (blaSHV and blaCTX-M, blaTEM and blaCTX-M and blaTEM and blaSHV). Conclusion: The E. coli isolates were less resistant to imipenem, gentamicin and cefoxitin; most isolates were MAR, with resistance to 7 antibiotics being the most predominant. In addition, the blaSHV gene was the most common ESBL gene detected in confirmed ESBL-producing E. coli isolates.

scholarly journals Genetic characterization of AmpC and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) phenotypes in Escherichia coli and Salmonella from Alberta poultry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tam Tran ◽  
Sylvia Checkley ◽  
Niamh Caffrey ◽  
Rashed Cassis ◽  
Chunu Mainali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Class 1

AbstractHorizontal gene transfer is an important mechanism which facilitates bacterial populations in overcoming antimicrobial treatment. In this study, a total of 120 Escherichia coli and 62 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica isolates were isolated from poultry farms in Alberta. Fourteen serovars were identified among Salmonella isolates. Thirty one percent of E. coli isolates were multiclass drug resistant (resistant to ≥ 3 drug classes), while only about 16% of Salmonella isolates were multiclass drug resistant. Among those, eight E. coli isolates had an AmpC-type phenotype, and one Salmonella isolate had an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-type β-lactamase phenotype. We identified both AmpC-type (blaCMY-2) and ESBL-type (blaTEM) genes in both E. coli and Salmonella isolates. Plasmids from eight of nine E. coli and Salmonella isolates were transferred to recipient strain E. coli J53 through conjugation. Transferable plasmids in above total eight E. coli and Salmonella isolates were also transferred into a lab-made sodium azide-resistant Salmonella recipient through conjugation. The class 1 integrase gene, int1, was detected on plasmids from two E. coli isolates. Further investigation of class 1 integron cassette regions revealed the presence of an aadA gene encoding streptomycin 3”-adenylyltransferase, an aadA1a/aadA2 gene encoding aminoglycoside 3”-O-adenyltransferase, and a putative adenylyltransferase gene. This study provides some insight into potential horizontal gene transfer events of antimicrobial resistance genes between E. coli and Salmonella in poultry production.

scholarly journals Occurrence and faecal shedding of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in sows and their offspring

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-223
Author(s):  
Jan Vašek ◽  
Jonáš Vaňhara ◽  
Monika Dolejská ◽  
Martina Masaříková ◽  
Alois Čížek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Synergy Test ◽  
Esbl Producers

The aim of the present study was to monitor the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli on farm A with the history of previous use of ceftiofur in suckling pigletsand to analyse the risk factors of selection and dissemination of ESBL producers in the production herd. In the year of 2014, a total of 411 samples (rectal swabs or faeces)from pigs of various age categories (sows, gilts and suckling piglets) were collected. The sampling was performed more than 24 months after the ban of ceftiofur on the farm.The sows and gilts were sampled repeatedly before and after farrowing. All collected samples were directly cultivated on MacConkey agar (MCA) containing cefotaxime (2 mg/l) and obtained sub-cultures were tested for ESBL production by double disc synergy test. According to our results, all gilts were negative for ESBL-producing E. coli in the introduction period, however, the excretion of ESBL-producing E. coli was observed before and after delivery. Most of the new-born piglets from positive sows and gilts shed ESBL-producing E. coli early after birth. All tested ESBL-producing isolates were resistant to multiple antimicrobials, suggesting that antibiotics from other groups used for therapy co-select for ESBL producers in pigs on the studied farm. Intestinal colonization of lactating sows and their offspring as well as survival of ESBL-producing E. coli in the farm environment should be recognised as important risk factors of circulation and long-time persistence of ESBL producers in the herd.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of bla TEM and bla CTX-M in Multi-Drug Resistance E. coli isolated from Country Chicken and Country Chicken Eggs in Poultry Farms of Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 78
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistance ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Disk Diffusion ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Chicken Eggs

Over the years, multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli has contributed to the development of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBLs), which evolved primarily from poultry in every corner of the world. The unregulated use of antibiotics commonly administered to poultry products to prevent any subclinical infections that lead to multidrug resistance (MDR) that is due to acquired bacteria resistance. The main aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence in Malaysia of multidrug-resistant, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing E.coli from poultry country chicken and country eggs. In several states of Malaysia, fifty samples from country chicken and country chicken eggs were extracted randomly from chosen poultry. The sample was taken from May to June 2019. The samples were tested using traditional microbiological techniques for the presence of E. coli. Antibiotics susceptibility test using 5 forms of β-lactam antibiotics was used using the double-disk diffusion screening, and confirmation of the test is performed by a combination disk diffusion process to establish the strains generating the ESBL. Although, the phenotypic characterization of bla TEM and bla CTX-M ESBL was carried out using PCR and SDS methods. Twenty of the fifty samples collected were classified as E.coli (20/50), suggesting 40%. The results of the distribution of the β-lactamases genes were reported as bla TEM, bla CTX-M with results of 75% (3/4), and 100% (4/4), respectively. The findings indicate a high prevalence of multidrug resistance as the most prevalent of all ESBL genes in ESBL infections with CTX-M genes. Consequently, effective monitoring of MDR infections, in particular resistance to β-lactamases in poultry chicken, can predict the potential for ESBL infections in humans and animals.

scholarly journals The Occurrence and Characterization of Extended-Spectrum-Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Clinical Diagnostic Specimens of Equine Origin

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leta Elias ◽  
David C. Gillis ◽  
Tanya Gurrola-Rodriguez ◽  
Jeong Ho Jeon ◽  
Jung Hun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Esbl Gene ◽  
Extended Spectrum ◽  
Carbapenemase Gene ◽  
Type Gene

Escherichia coli isolates were recovered from clinical specimens of equine patients admitted to the Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital over a five-year period. Ceftiofur resistance was used as a marker for potential extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-activity, and of the 48 ceftiofur-resistant E. coli isolates, 27.08% (n = 13) were phenotypically ESBL-positive. Conventional PCR analysis followed by the large-scalebla Finder multiplex PCR detected the ESBL genes, CTX-M-1 and SHV, in seven out of the 13 isolates. Moreover, beta-lactamase genes of TEM-1-type, BER-type (AmpC), and OXA-type were also identified. Sequencing of these genes resulted in identification of a novel TEM-1-type gene, called blaTEM-233, and a study is currently underway to determine if this gene confers the ESBL phenotype. Furthermore, this report is the first to have found E. coli ST1308 in horses. This subtype, which has been reported in other herbivores, harbored the SHV-type ESBL gene. Finally, one out of 13 E. coli isolates was PCR-positive for the carbapenemase gene, blaIMP-1 despite the lack of phenotypically proven resistance to imipenem. With the identification of novel ESBL gene variant and the demonstrated expansion of E. coli sequence types in equine patients, this study underscores the need for more investigation of equines as reservoirs for ESBL-producing pathogens.

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