Occurrence and faecal shedding of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in sows and their offspring

The aim of the present study was to monitor the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing E. coli on farm A with the history of previous use of ceftiofur in suckling pigletsand to analyse the risk factors of selection and dissemination of ESBL producers in the production herd. In the year of 2014, a total of 411 samples (rectal swabs or faeces)from pigs of various age categories (sows, gilts and suckling piglets) were collected. The sampling was performed more than 24 months after the ban of ceftiofur on the farm.The sows and gilts were sampled repeatedly before and after farrowing. All collected samples were directly cultivated on MacConkey agar (MCA) containing cefotaxime (2 mg/l) and obtained sub-cultures were tested for ESBL production by double disc synergy test. According to our results, all gilts were negative for ESBL-producing E. coli in the introduction period, however, the excretion of ESBL-producing E. coli was observed before and after delivery. Most of the new-born piglets from positive sows and gilts shed ESBL-producing E. coli early after birth. All tested ESBL-producing isolates were resistant to multiple antimicrobials, suggesting that antibiotics from other groups used for therapy co-select for ESBL producers in pigs on the studied farm. Intestinal colonization of lactating sows and their offspring as well as survival of ESBL-producing E. coli in the farm environment should be recognised as important risk factors of circulation and long-time persistence of ESBL producers in the herd.

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Risk factors for bacteremia due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in a Turkish hospital

The Journal of Infection in Developing Countries ◽

10.3855/jidc.2788 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 7 (07) ◽

pp. 507-512 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Onur Kaya ◽

Fusun Zeynep Akcam ◽

Ibak Gonen ◽

Onur Unal ◽

Tennure Ceylan

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Tertiary Care Centre ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

E Coli ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

History Of ◽

Independent Risk Factors

Introduction: Bloodstream infection caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing pathogens has become a serious concern worldwide. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for bacteremia due to ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in a Turkish hospital. Methodology: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with E. coli bacteremia in a tertiary care centre from January 2007 to October 2011. Data from patients such as demographic features, underlying conditions, and antibiotic exposure were analysed. Results: A total of 113 patients with bacteremia due to E. coli were included and data from patients with ESBL-producing E. coli (case patients) were compared to those with non-ESBL-producing E. coli (control patients). The frequency of ESBL producers was 38.9% (44/113). Exposure to fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins, history of intra-abdominal surgery intervention, and presence of central venous catheteter and urinary catheteter were more frequently detected among case patients (P < 0.05). Independent risk factors for bacteremia due to ESBL-producing E. coli were exposure to fluoroquinolones (OR 13.39, 95% CI 1.28-140.03) and cephalosporins (OR 3.48, 95% CI 1.03-11.74). Conclusions: Previous use of fluoroquinolone and cephalosporin in patients with bacteremia caused by E. coli increased the risk for ESBL-producing strains.

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Multidrug-Resistant, Including Extended-Spectrum Beta Lactamase-Producing and Quinolone-Resistant, Escherichia coli Isolated from Poultry and Domestic Pigs in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10040406 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 406

Author(s):

Zuhura I. Kimera ◽

Fauster X. Mgaya ◽

Gerald Misinzo ◽

Stephen E. Mshana ◽

Nyambura Moremi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Multidrug Resistant ◽

Antibiotics Resistance ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Domestic Pigs ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

Phenotypic Profile ◽

E Coli ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Esbl Producers

We determined the phenotypic profile of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli isolated from 698 samples (390 and 308 from poultry and domestic pigs, respectively). In total, 562 Enterobacteria were isolated. About 80.5% of the isolates were E. coli. Occurrence of E. coli was significantly higher among domestic pigs (73.1%) than in poultry (60.5%) (p = 0.000). In both poultry and domestic pigs, E. coli isolates were highly resistant to tetracycline (63.5%), nalidixic acid (53.7%), ampicillin (52.3%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (50.9%). About 51.6%, 65.3%, and 53.7% of E. coli were MDR, extended-spectrum beta lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-PE), and quinolone-resistant, respectively. A total of 68% of the extended-spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producers were also resistant to quinolones. For all tested antibiotics, resistance was significantly higher in ESBL-producing and quinolone-resistant isolates than the non-ESBL producers and non-quinolone-resistant E. coli. Eight isolates were resistant to eight classes of antimicrobials. We compared phenotypic with genotypic results of 20 MDR E. coli isolates, ESBL producers, and quinolone-resistant strains and found 80% harbored blaCTX-M, 15% aac(6)-lb-cr, 10% qnrB, and 5% qepA. None harbored TEM, SHV, qnrA, qnrS, qnrC, or qnrD. The observed pattern and level of resistance render this portfolio of antibiotics ineffective for their intended use.

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Molecular detection and antibiotic resistance pattern of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli in a Tertiary Hospital in Enugu, Nigeria

Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials ◽

10.1186/s12941-019-0342-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ifeyinwa N. Nwafia ◽

Martin E. Ohanu ◽

Samuel O. Ebede ◽

Uchenna C. Ozumba

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Escherichia Coli ◽

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Intensive Care Unit Admission ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

E Coli ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Associated Risk Factors

Abstract Background The use of antibiotic agents in the treatment of infectious diseases has greatly contributed to the decrease in morbidity and mortality, but these great advances in treatment are being undermined by the rapidly increasing antimicrobial resistant organisms. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases are enzymes hydrolyzing the beta lactam antibiotics, including third generation cephalosporins and monobactams but not cephamycins and carbapenems. They pose a serious global health threat and have become a challenge for health care providers. The aim of this research was to assess the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli in University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla Enugu and to detect the risk factors for acquisition of the resistant organism. To proffer advice on antibiotic stewardship in clinical practice and public health interventions, to curb the spread of the resistant organisms in the hospital. Results Out of the 200 E. coli isolates, 70 (35.00%) were confirmed positive for extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production. Fifty-three (75.7%) were from hospital acquired infections. All the isolates were resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol while 68 (97.14%) of the 70 isolates were susceptible to imipenem. BlaTEM, blaSHV and blaTEM were detected in 66 (94%) of the 70 isolates. The ESBL bla genes detected were blaCTX-M (n = 26; 37.14%), blaTEM (n = 7; 10.00%), blaSHV (n = 2; 2.86%), blaCTX-M/TEM (n = 7; 10.0%), blaCTX-M/SHV (n = 14; 20.0%) and blaCTX-M/TEM/SHV (n = 10; 14.29%). The three bla genes were not detected in 4 (5.71%) of the isolates. Recent surgery, previous antibiotic and intensive care unit admission were the associated risk factors to infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing E. coli. Conclusion There is a high rate of infections caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing E. coli. Recent surgery, previous antibiotic and intensive care unit admission were associated risk factors.

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Molecular Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase Resistance in Escherichia coli from Poultry Droppings in Keffi, Nigeria

Asian Journal of Medicine and Health ◽

10.9734/ajmah/2019/v15i430131 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-9

Author(s):

S. C. Tama ◽

Y. B. Ngwai ◽

I. H. Nkene ◽

R. H. Abimiku

Keyword(s):

Molecular Detection ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Esbl Production ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

E Coli ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Microbiological Methods ◽

Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽

Synergy Test ◽

Poultry Droppings

Objectives: The present study reports extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production in E. coli isolates from poultry droppings from selected poultry farms in Keffi, Nigeria. Methods: Seventy-five (75) samples of poultry droppings were collected, and E. coli was isolated using standard microbiological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing and minimum inhibitory concentrations were evaluated as described by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Phenotypic confirmation of ESBL production by the isolates was carried out using double disc synergy test. Molecular detection of ESBL genes was carried out using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. Results: All (100%) samples had E. coli. Antimicrobial resistance in the isolates were as follows: imipenem (12.0%), gentamicin (20.0%), cefoxitin (37.3%), cefotaxime (41.3%), ceftazidime (44.0%), ciprofloxacin (48.0%), amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (58.7%), streptomycin (92.0%), sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (92.0%) and ampicillin (98.7%). Joint resistance to ampicillin, sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim-streptomycin was the commonest resistance phenotype at 10.6%. Multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) was observed in 97.3% (73/75) of the isolates; and the most common MAR indices were 0.7 (21.9%), 0.5 (17.8%), 0.4 (16.4%), 0.8 (11.1%) and 0.3 (10.9%). Twenty three (46.9%) of the 49 cefotaxime/ceftazidime isolates were confirmed ESBL producers. Twenty-two of the 23 ESBL positive isolates (95.7%) carried the bla genes as follows: 95.5% (21/22) for blaSHV; 68.2% (15/22) for blaTEM; and 50.0% (11/22) for blaCTX-M. Eleven (50%) of the 22 isolates carried two bla genes (blaSHV and blaCTX-M, blaTEM and blaCTX-M and blaTEM and blaSHV). Conclusion: The E. coli isolates were less resistant to imipenem, gentamicin and cefoxitin; most isolates were MAR, with resistance to 7 antibiotics being the most predominant. In addition, the blaSHV gene was the most common ESBL gene detected in confirmed ESBL-producing E. coli isolates.

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Prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species from Urinary Specimens of Children attending Friendship International Children’s Hospital

Nepal Journal of Biotechnology ◽

10.3126/njb.v5i1.18868 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 32-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ujjwal Rimal ◽

Shovana Thapa ◽

Roshani Maharjan

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Disc Diffusion ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

E Coli ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Significant Bacteriuria ◽

Klebsiella Spp ◽

Esbl Producers

Extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae is a serious threat to the patients. These organisms are major extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) producers. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Extended spectrum β- lactamase producing strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp isolates from the urine sample of children visiting International Friendship Children Hospital. During the seven months, between June 2016 to December 2016, 1018 mid-stream urine samples(MSU) were collected from patients suspected of having UTI. The samples were investigated by conventional semi-quantitative culture technique and identification of E. coli and Klebsiella spp. was done by microscopy and biochemical test. Antibiotic susceptibility test of isolates was performed by modified Kirby Bauer Disc diffusion test. ESBL screening test was done by using 3rd generation Cephalosporin and confirmation done by combination disc diffusion method. Out of total 1018 MSU samples investigated, 200(19.64%) isolates of E. coli and 28(2.7%) isolates of Klebsiella spp. making a total of 228(22.39%) were found to cause significant bacteriuria. 76(33.33%) isolates, from those causing significant bacteriuria, were Multi-drug resistant organisms. Out of 228 isolates, 54(23.68%) were ESBL producers, that includes 51(25.5%) Escherichia coli and 3(12.5%) Klebsiella pneumoniae. ESBL producers were more common in in-patient (36.17%) than out-patient (20.44%). Most of the ESBL producers were resistance to amoxicillin, followed by Cotrimoxazole and Ciprofloxacin respectively. They were highly sensitive to Imipenem, Tigecycline, Amikacin, Piperacillin-Tazobactam, and Nitrofurantoin. High prevalence of ESBL producing E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae was found among children. Regular and routine monitoring of ESBL producing isolates is essential.Nepal Journal of Biotechnology. Dec. 2017 Vol. 5, No. 1: 32-38

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Molecular Diversity and Extended Spectrum Beta-lactamase Resistance of Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli from Patients Attending Selected Health Care Facilities in Nasarawa State, Nigeria

International Journal of Pathogen Research ◽

10.9734/ijpr/2019/v3i130084 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-18

Author(s):

R. H. Abimiku ◽

Y. B. Ngwai ◽

I. H. Nkene ◽

B. E. Bassey ◽

P. A. Tsaku ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Diversity ◽

Molecular Detection ◽

Health Care Facilities ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Healthcare Facilities ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

E Coli ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Microbiological Methods ◽

Esbl Producers

Aims: This study investigated the molecular diversity and extended spectrum beta-lactamase resistance of diarrheagenic E. coli isolated from patients attending selected healthcare facilities in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Microbiology, Nasarawa State University, P.M.B 1022, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria; between December 2017 and June, 2019. Methodology: A total of 207 confirmed E. coli isolates (using standard microbiological methods) from loose stool samples of patients with suspected cases of diarrhea (69 from Federal Medical Centre Keffi [MCK] 69 from General Hospital Akwanga [GHA] and 69 from Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital Lafia [DASHL]) were included in this study. Results: Phenotypic detection of ESBL production by β-lactam resistant isolates was done using double disc synergy test. Molecular detection of ESBL genes in phenotypically confirmed ESBL producers was done using Polymerase Chain Reaction. Out of 56 isolates jointly resistant to cefotaxime and/or ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin from DASHL, FMCK and GHA, 53.6% (30/56) were ESBL producers, distributed in relation to the hospitals as follows: blaCTX-M in DASHL was 6(66.7%), FMCK was 11(100.0%), and GHA was 10(100.0%); blaSHV in DASHL was 8(88.9%), FMCK was 7(63.6%), and GHA was 10(100.0%), and blaTEM in DASHL was 9(100.0%), FMCK was 10(90.9%), and GHA was 10(100.0%). Also, the occurrence of blaSHV was 100.0% in GHA but 88.9% in DASHL. The detection DEC was high in DASHL (88.9%) but low inGHA (58.8%). The occurrence of ETEC was high in GHA (60.0%) while EAEC was also high in FMCK (81.8%) and GHA (70.0%). The isolates were distributed into strain A – J based on RFLP pattern and the occurrence of strain A was high in GHA (70.0%) but low in DASHL (33.3%). Conclusion: Most of the isolates were both diarrheagenic and ESBL resistant, and the predominant ESBL and pathotypes genes were blaCTX-M, blaTEM and EAEC. Further studies on molecular detection of sub-types of ESBL and sequencing of diarrheagenic pathotypes genes should be carried out.

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Prevalence and Characterization of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Isolated in Canadian Hospitals: Results from CANWARD 2007

Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1155/2009/962617 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 20 (suppl a) ◽

pp. 43A-48A ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Patricia J Baudry ◽

Melissa McCracken ◽

Philippe Lagacé-Wiens ◽

Michael R Mulvey ◽

George G Zhanel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Single Strain ◽

Pulsed Field ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

E Coli ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Esbl Producers

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae identified from Canadian hospitals in 2007. METHODS: Clinically significant isolates were collected as part of the Canadian Ward Surveillance Study (CANWARD 2007) from January to December 2007, inclusive, from 12 sentinel hospital centres across Canada. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by broth microdilution, and putative ESBL isolates were confirmed by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute disk diffusion method. Polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing were used to detectblaSHV,blaTEM,blaCTX-MandblaOXA-likegenes. Strains were typed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. RESULTS: A total of 3.4% and 1.6% ofEscherichia coliandKlebsiella pneumoniae, respectively, were identified as ESBL producers. Resistance to fluoroquinolones, doxycycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and gentamicin occurred in 92.5% and 71.4%, 75.5% and 71.4%, 67.9% and 57.1%, and 58.5% and 57.1% of ESBL-producingE coliandK pneumoniae, respectively. A total of 90.6% and 71.4% of ESBL-producingE coliandK pneumoniaewere identified as multidrug resistant. The CTX-M type was the predominant ESBL, with CTX-M-15 as the predominant genotype. A total of 81.7% ESBL-producers carried several beta-lactamase genes. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed that the majority of ESBL producers were not genetically related (less than 80% homology). Similar patient demographics were observed among both ESBL-producingE coliand K pneumoniae. CONCLUSION: CTX-M has become the most common enzyme among both ESBL-producingE coliandK pneumoniae. The spread of ESBLproducing bacteria across Canada is polyclonal and is not due to the clonal spread of a single strain.

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Fecal Carriage and Epidemiology of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase/Carbapenemases Producing Enterobacterales Isolates in Bulgarian Hospitals

Antibiotics ◽

10.3390/antibiotics10060747 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (6) ◽

pp. 747

Author(s):

Rumyana Markovska ◽

Petya Stankova ◽

Temenuga Stoeva ◽

Dobrinka Ivanova ◽

Daniela Pencheva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hospital Staff ◽

Control Measures ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

E Coli ◽

Infection Control Measures ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Highly Virulent ◽

Esbl Producers ◽

M 14

The gastrointestinal tract is an important reservoir of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)/carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales isolates. This study included patients from two Bulgarian hospitals. Overall, 98 ESBL producers (including 68 Escherichia coli and 20 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates) were detected among 99 hospitalized patients, 212 patients at admission, and 92 hospital staff in 42.4%, 24.5%, and 4%, respectively. We observed blaCTX-M-15 in 47% of isolates, blaCTX-M-3 in 39% and blaCTX-M-14 in 11%. Three blaCTX-M-15 positive isolates were also blaKPC-2 positive. High transferability was detected for blaCTX-M-3 carrying plasmids (55%) with L/M and I1 replicon plasmids, followed by CTX-M-14 (36.4%) and CTX-M-15 (27.9%) with IncF plasmids. BlaKPC-2 was carried by FIIAs plasmids. Epidemiology typing revealed 8 K. pneumoniae ST types—ST15(8/20), ST17(4/20), ST37(2/20) and 9 E. coli ST types—ST131 (30.9%, 21/68), ST38 (8/68), ST95(7/68) and ST316(7/68). All ST131 isolates but one was from the highly virulent epidemic clone O25bST131. This is the first report in Bulgaria about ESBL/carbapenemase faecal carriage. We observed high ESBL/carbapenemases prevalence. A predominant number of isolates were members of highly epidemic and virulent PanEuropean clones ST15 K. pneumoniae and O25bST131 E. coli. High antibiotics usage during the COVID pandemic will worsen the situation. Routine screenings and strict infection control measures should be widely implemented.

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Risk Factors and Outcomes of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing E. Coli Peritonitis in Capd Patients

Peritoneal Dialysis International ◽

10.1177/089686080602600213 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 191-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Terence Yip ◽

Kai-Chung Tse ◽

Man-Fai Lam ◽

Sydney Tang ◽

Fu-Keung Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Gastric Acid ◽

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Demographic Data ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

E Coli ◽

Acid Inhibitor ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

The Difference

Objective To determine the risk factors and outcomes of peritonitis caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Patients and Methods Episodes of E. coli CAPD peritonitis in our unit from October 1994 to August 2003 were reviewed. Demographic data, underlying medical conditions, recent use of gastric acid inhibitors (including H2 antagonist and proton pump inhibitor), recent antibiotic therapy, antibiotic regimen for peritonitis episodes, sensitivity test results of the E. coli isolated, and clinical outcomes were examined. Results Over a 10-year study period, 88 episodes of E. coli peritonitis were recorded; 11 of the 88 cases were caused by ESBL-producing E. coli. Recent use of cephalosporins and gastric acid inhibitor were associated with the development of ESBL-producing E. coli peritonitis. Compared with non-ESBL-producing E. coli peritonitis, more cases in the ESBL-producing E. coli group developed treatment failure (45.5% vs 13.0%, p = 0.02) and died of sepsis (27.3% vs 3.9%, p = 0.02). Peritoneal failure rate was higher in the ESBL-producing E. coli group, although the difference was not statistically significant (18.2% vs 3.9%, p = 0.12). Conclusion Peritonitis caused by ESBL-producing E. coli is associated with worse clinical outcomes. The use of cephalosporins and gastric acid inhibitors may contribute to its development. Further studies are warranted to investigate and determine the predisposing factors for ESBL-producing E. coli peritonitis.

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Multidrug Resistance and the Predominance of blaCTX-M in Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae of Animal and Water Origin

Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology ◽

10.1159/000495409 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 201-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Bilel Hassen ◽

Senda Sghaier ◽

Mohamed Salah Abbassi ◽

Mohamed Amine Ferjani ◽

Meriam Ben Said ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Beta Lactamase ◽

Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase ◽

E Coli ◽

Extended Spectrum ◽

Water Origin ◽

Class 1 ◽

Synergy Test ◽

Animal Isolates

The aim of this work was the genetic characterization of cefotaxime-resistant enterobacteria from animals (53 samples), the surface water of rivers (17 samples), and wastewater treatment plants (43 samples) in Tunisia. A total of 48 (42.4%) cefotaxime-resistant isolates were recovered. An extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) phenotype with a positive double-disk synergy test (DDST) was exhibited by 34 (70.8%) and 14 (29.1%) isolates from water and animal origins, respectively. Isolates from water were identified as: Escherichia coli (n = 17), Hafnia spp. (n = 13), Citrobacter spp. (n = 1), Enterobacter cloacae (n = 1), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 1), and K. oxytoca (n = 1). Animal isolates were identified as: E. coli (n = 11), E. cloacae (n = 1), Hafnia spp. (n = 1), and K. pneumoniae (n = 1). PCR investigation of blaCTX-M, blaTEM, and blaSHV genes showed that amongst the 48 isolates with a positive DDST, 41 (87.5%) carried the blaCTX-M gene, 1 isolate harbored the blaSHV gene, and 1 isolate coharbored blaCTX-M with blaSHV genes. The class 1 and 2 integrons were detected in 27 (56.2%) and 1 (2%) isolates, respectively. Our study showed a significant occurrence of ESBL-producing enterobacteria in animals and aquatic environments with a predominance of blaCTX-M genes.

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