scholarly journals Health Impacts of Alcohol Consumption: Report on Focus Group Findings

2021 ◽  
pp. 96-105
Author(s):  
M. M. Theingi ◽  
S. K. Sakthiavelan ◽  
R. Kirtisha ◽  
R. Jeswary ◽  
R. Gowsshalya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Drinking Behaviour ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Moderate Amount ◽  
Age Range

Introduction: Alcohol is one of the most widely used drug substances in the world. Most people drink a small or moderate amount of alcohol to make them calm and enhance their social activities. Alcohol have become many individuals’ livelihood and that itself is a major catastrophe for some people. This study aims to obtain perspectives in regards to Alcohol consumption among participants of different age groups, education backgrounds, religions, races and social statuses. Methods: A focus group discussion consists of 3 male and 3 female Malaysians with age range from 16 to 45 was conducted. It consists of a mix group of alcohol consumers and non-alcohol consumers, students and adults from different racial backgrounds, genders and age groups. The participants were approached through qualitative research where they were asked both open-ended and close-ended questions based on various themes regarding the subject matter. Results: In this study, peer pressure is one of the root causes that made most of the participants to initially try alcohol. Family’s acceptance towards alcohol drinking becomes a confounding factor that gives the child to do as they wish. Those who are still in school or universities showed that they consumed more alcohol. The realization of the younger age group towards health implications of alcohol consumption is still poor compared to those of the older age group. Although participants were well aware of the social problems, it is limited to their experiences as well as social backgrounds. Conclusion: Participants’ knowledge regarding alcohol consumption has to be improved. Further analysis on the alcohol drinking behaviour on a larger scale might be needed to alleviate all the problems caused by alcohol consumption.

Effect of the Covid-19 Italian lockdown on human health: the analysis of alcohol consumption for aware quarantine (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Mazzarella ◽  
Annamaria Spina ◽  
Marcello Dallio ◽  
Antonietta Gerarda Gravina ◽  
Mario Romeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Abuse ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Psychosocial Support ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Stressful Event ◽  
Drinking Behaviour ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
Specific Subset

BACKGROUND Italy has been one of the first western countries seriously involved in the COVID-19 pandemic in the first months of 2020 and so that the national government was forced to impose a long lockdown period, stopping all the people aggregation outdoor and indoor activities. From a social point of view this period of domestic confinement resulted in deep changes of behaviours and lifestyles, promoting in many people the onset of psychological symptoms and signs (including anxiety, depression, insomnia, and irritability among others) already known as associated with drug and alcohol abuse OBJECTIVE this study aims to assess the variation of alcohol drinking habits in a sample of Italian citizens during the COVID-19 lockdown and to identify the psychosocial factors surrounding it, in order to assess the specific subset of the population that could need psychosocial support during these events METHODS An online anonymous questionnaire was created and submitted from 9th April 2020 to 28th April 2020 using social medias and e-mails. Questions were related to personal details such as age, work, instruction, and, moreover, to alcohol drinking habits during the lockdown, including Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT C) test questions RESULTS A total of 1234 surveys were filled out by subjects with an age range from 18 to 80 years old. An increase in both anxiety and fear has been detected in most of the participants (63% and 61% respectively) with a direct (r=0.652; p<0.001) relationship between them. Participants older than 50 years showed the strongest correlation between alcohol consumption, fear, and anxiety, (r=0.830, P <0.001 and r=0.741, P<0.001, respectively). Subjects living alone experienced a stronger association between anxiety, fear, and higher level of alcohol consumption (r: 0.529; P<0.001; r: 0.628, P<0.001 respectively). Moreover, 18% of participants increased alcohol consumption drinking during the lockdown. These subjects showed a lower frequency of alcohol consumption before the lockdown in comparison to the rest of the study population (2.5±0.96 vs 3±1.03, P<0.0001 respectively). Moreover, comparing the abovementioned groups, the percentage of subjects who experienced higher alcohol assumption before the 11th of March was higher in those that didn't change their drinking behaviour during the lockdown in comparison to that portion of them that experienced a worsening of alcohol abuse (r: 30.422, P<0.0001) CONCLUSIONS according to these data, during the Italian lockdown due to COVID 19 pandemic, different kind of people experienced an increase in alcohol drinking. Several psychosocial factors are involved in determining the increase in harmful alcohol consumption during this extraordinary stressful event and they must be addressed by the healthcare support in order to avoid awful lockdown impact on human life

ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHIC PATTERNS OF NORMAL CHILDREN FROM BIRTH TO FIVE YEARS OF AGE

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1951 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-361
Author(s):  
GERARD GROS ◽  
ARMOND GORDON ◽  
ROBERT MILLER
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Transition Zone ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Distinct Pattern ◽  
Age Group ◽  
S Wave ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Q Wave

The ECGs of 104 normal children from a few hours old to 5 years of age were studied. These ECGs consisted of the standard limb leads, the aV limb leads and six precordial leads: V4R, V1, V2, V4, V5 and V6. While the number of cases in each group are small, the following conclusions are suggested by this study: 1. ECGs of the newborn infant present important variations from those seen in later life. This is especially true during the first week of life. Thereafter the contour evolves [SEE FIG. 2 IN SOURCE PDF] in a definite manner until the adult-like pattern is reached. 2. The vertical and semivertical "electric" positions were the most frequently encountered in this age group. 3. P-waves present a rather permanent pattern in this age range: a. is usually upright in lead 1 and 2, aVF, V4, V5 and V6. b. is usually inverted in lead 2 and aVR. c. is either upright, inverted or diphasic in lead 3, aVL, V4R, V1 and V2. 4. The P-R interval varies from 0.10 sec. minimum to 0.16 sec. maximum with the average being 0.12 sec. in this age range. It tends to become greater in the older age groups. 5. QRS duration is shorter in the younger age groups and increases slowly with age. 6. Polyphasic, M-shaped or slurred QRS complexes are not uncommon in the ECGs of normal children in this age range. 7. A Q wave is frequently absent in lead 1 and in all chest leads during the first week of life. Thereafter up to 5 years of age the pattern of the Q wave is as follows: a. Q is generally absent in lead 1, V4R, V1, V2 and V4. b. Q is generally present in lead 3, V4R, aVF, V5 and V6. 8. There is a distinct pattern of right ventricular dominance in leads from the sternum and to its right at birth. This pattern gradually undergoes involution, probably related to normal physiologic development, until the left ventricle becomes dominant. Thus the evolution of the S-wave parallels a gradual involution of the R-wave in right precordial leads and probably also in aVR. This dominance of the left ventricle over the entire precordium is usual by about 3 years, but may be delayed normally until 5 years of age. 9. The T-wave is upright or diphasic in V4R, V1, and V2 and inverted in V5 and V6 for the first 24 hours of life; it gradually alters so that by the fourth day it is inverted in V4R, V1 and V2 and upright in V5 and V6 and thereafter. 10. The transition zone of QRS varies from one age group to another and tends in some ages to be broad. In some instances no real transition zone can be determined.

scholarly journals Alcohol and cannabis use in Norway during the period 1995-2009

2011 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elin K. Bye ◽  
Ståle Østhus
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Moderate Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Turn Of The Millennium ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Pure Alcohol ◽  
Drinking Frequency

<span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: x-small;"><span style="font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: x-small;"><p>The description of alcohol and cannabis use in the period 1995-2009 is based on data from five sets of surveys. Sales figures for alcohol consumption are also included. Alcohol sales in Norway increased by 40 per cent during the period 1995-2009, from 4.8 to 6.7 litres of pure alcohol per inhabitant aged 15 years and over. This increase largely reflects a sharp increase in the sale of wine. Also when taking into account unregistered alcohol consumption, the consumption of alcohol increased considerably in Norway during the period in question. The increased alcohol consumption seems to be due to an increase in moderate alcohol consumers and/or an increase in situations involving moderate alcohol consumption. Population surveys indicate that there has been an increase in the proportion who drink alcohol and in the proportion of people who drink relatively often, but the increased drinking frequency is not accompanied by a corresponding increase in the proportion who often drink until they are intoxicated. On average, men drink more often and greater quantities than women, with the exception of wine. The proportion who drink alcohol at least twice a month or more has increased in all age groups, and the increase has been particularly marked among those above the age of 50. Despite a reduction in consumption among young people in recent years, consumption and drinking until intoxicated are still widespread. Young girls drink alcohol as often as boys and are equally often intoxicated. As for cannabis, there was an increase in the age group 15-20 years in the second half of the 1990s, followed by a decrease and stagnation since the turn of the millennium. There was little or no difference between boys and girls in the 15-20 age group in the use of cannabis, while among young adults, far more men than women reported that they had used cannabis</p></span></span>

Male Volleyball Players’ Self-Esteem in the Context of Volleyball Competition

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Shireen Bhatti ◽  
Muhammad Asif Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Focus Group Discussion ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Performance Anxiety ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Volleyball Players

The goal of this study was to evaluate the competition anxiety and self-esteem among male volleyball players. Cross sectional study design, followed by qualitative investigation, was used in the current study. The participants in this study were 20 male volleyball players from the urban areas of the Province of Sindh Public Boys College. Both volleyball players at college and provincial level participated in the volleyball game. The player was between 16 and 20 years of age. Two questionnaires were used in the current study: (1) the Sports Performance Anxiety Test was used to consider performance anxiety and (2) the self-esteem of Rosenberg was used to describe self-esteem and (3) the focus group discussion. The results of the current study showed fluctuation in self-esteem level and anxiety level among players of different age groups regarding participation in volleyball competition. In Focus group discussion, regarding low self-esteem and higher competition anxiety, participants are of the view that low self-esteem and increase in anxiety undoubtedly have a greater negative effect on the team's psychology. Negative attitudes towards oneself, people's evaluation or opinion, fear of failure, risk of competitive climate, fear of adversary, low level of efforts, nervousness, negative feedback, rejection, criticism, nervousness, coach, team mates and high expectations of the audience are the factors that can contribute to low self-esteem and high anxiety. The study proposed some recommendations for future researchers.

scholarly journals Emotional intelligence and frequency of alcohol use and during adolescence

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-69
Author(s):  
Alejandra Daniela Calero ◽  
Juan Pablo Barreyro ◽  
Jesica Formoso ◽  
Irene Injoque- Ricle
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Predictive Power ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Mood Repair ◽  
Consumption Frequency ◽  
Lineal Regression

AbstractIntroduction: Emotional intelligence has proven to be a relevant construct during adolescence and includes three components: attention to feelings, clarity of feelings, and mood repair. Within this age group, alcohol consumption is a central problem. Objective: The aim of this work is to study the relation between emotional intelligence and frequency of alcohol consumption in adolescents that attendant a high school from the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Methodology: The TMMS-21 was administered to assess emotional intelligence, and an ad hoc questionnaire was administered to assess alcohol consumption. We performed comparisons between age groups and between genders, and we studied the predictive power of emotional intelligence through a lineal regression. Results: Attention to feelings was lower in those adolescents with frequent alcohol consumption. Moreover, results showed that attention to feelings was a predictor of alcohol consumption frequency in women, while age was a predictor of frequency of alcohol consumption for both genders. Conclusion: These findings suggest that alcohol consumption could function as a way of coping with the emotions that are not being attended to. 

scholarly journals Alcohol consumption, obesity and hypertension: Relationship patterns along different age groups in Uganda

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nazarius Mbona Tumwesigye ◽  
Gerald Mutungi ◽  
Silver Bahendeka ◽  
Ronald Wesonga ◽  
Monica H. Swahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Relationship Patterns ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Prevalence Ratios

AbstractIntroductionUganda is experiencing a significant increase in the prevalence of non-communicable diseases including hypertension and obesity. Frequent alcohol use is also highly prevalent in Uganda and is a key risk factor for both hypertension and obesity. This study determines the trends of frequent alcohol consumption, hypertension and obesity across different age groups, and the extent to which alcohol consumption affects the two.MethodsThe data were extracted from the 2014 National Non-communicable Diseases Risk Factor Survey (N=3,987) conducted among adults aged 18 to 69 years. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140mmHG or diastolic blood pressure ≥90. Obesity was defined as body mass index >30 kg/m2. Frequent alcohol consumption was defined as alcohol use 3 or more times a week. Multivariable log binomial regression analysis was carried out for each of the two outcome variables against age group and controlled for frequency of alcohol consumption and few other independent factors. Non-parametric tests were used to compare trends of prevalence ratios across age groups. Modified Poisson regression was use in few instances when the model failed to converge.ResultsThe results showed increasing trend in the prevalence of hypertension and frequent alcohol consumption but a declining trend for obesity along different age groups (p<0.01). Frequency of alcohol consumption did not significantly modify the age group-hypertension and age group-obesity relationships although the effect was significant with ungrouped age. There was significance in difference of fitted lines for hypertension prevalence ratios between frequent drinkers and mild drinkers and between abstainers and frequent drinkers. Alcohol consumption did not have any significant effect on obesity-age group relationship.ConclusionThe results call for more research to understand the effect of alcohol on the hypertension-age relationship, and the obesity-age relationship. Why prevalence ratios for hypertension decline among those who take alcohol most frequently is another issue that needs further research.

Patterns and perception of alcohol drinking among the Lahu people, Northern Thailand

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudkhed Detpitukyon ◽  
Tawatchai Apidechkul ◽  
Rachanee Sunsern ◽  
Amornrat Anuwatnonthakate ◽  
Onnalin Singhhorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Parental Behavior ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Peer Pressure ◽  
Northern Thailand ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Farming Community

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the pattern and perception of alcohol drinking among the Lahu people in northern Thailand. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative method was used to elicit information on the patterns and perceptions of alcohol drinking amongst the Lahu tribespeople. Question guidelines had been developed from literature reviews and approved by three experts in the field of public health and alcohol studies. A total of 21 participants of different ages and sexes from 3 separate Lahu villages were invited to provide information. All interviews were taped and transcribed before analysis. A content analysis was used. Findings Lahu people begin alcohol consumption at an average of 12 years, with males usually beginning before females of the same age. Consuming alcohol is perceived to be a sign of adulthood and is also used as a means of gaining social acceptance from others in the community. Alcohol is consumed throughout the year with young and old, male and females, describing varied reasons for drinking. Income, parental behavior, and peer pressure contributes to the onset of alcohol drinking among young Lahu people. Several factors contributed to the use of alcohol among the Lahu people such as sex, age, occupation and income, peer pressure, taste and price as well as cultural adaptations amongst the farming community that play a significant role in the frequency of alcohol consumption amongst the Lahu community. Originality/value The results should support the development of peer education on the negative impact of alcohol use among the young people, and development of a community agreement on reducing excessive alcohol use in the Lahu community should be implemented.

scholarly journals Normative value of photostress recovery time among various age groups in southern India

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17
Author(s):  
Bhandari Bishwash ◽  
De Tapas Kumar ◽  
Sah Sanjay Kumar ◽  
Sanyam Sandip Das
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Time ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Corrected Distance Visual Acuity ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Photostress Recovery Time ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

Background: To determine the normative data and reference value for photostress recovery time (PSRT) following exposure of the macula to light, in various age groups within the Indian population. Methods: Cross-sectional observational study performed from November 2015 to July 2016 in the Bangalore district of Karnataka state in India. We examined a total of 1,282 eyes of 641 participants and included those with corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) scoes lower than  or equal to 0.4 Logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution (LogMAR). We performed the photostress procedure under standard conditions using the same approach. Results: The mean ± standard deviation (SD) of the participants’ age was 32.04 ± 15.80, with an age range of 8 to 70 years. The PSRT in participants below 16 years and above 45 years of age were significantly different compared to the 16–25-year-old age group (P  <  0.0001 for both). The PSRT values were significantly different between males and females in the reproductive age group (16 to 45 years old) (P  < 0.0001), but not in the other age groups. Conclusions: The PSRT values were significantly different in children and older patients compared to the 16 to 25 years age group. We found that as age increased, PSRT increased significantly.

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF DENTAL AGE OF 10-13 YEAR-OLD CHILDREN OF THE CARPATHIAN REGION OF UKRAINE BY THE CAMERIERE METHOD IN COMPARISON WITH THEIR CHRONOLOGICAL AGE

2019 ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
V.F. Makieyev ◽  
O.O. Isakova
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Permanent Teeth ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Dental Age ◽  
Ray Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Age Range

Purpose:  to evaluate the chronological and dental age of children in Lviv and the Lviv region aged 10-13 years with the help of the modified formula Cameriere.  Methods. Оrthopantomograms  46 children (26 boys and 20 girls) aged 10-13 years from Lviv and Lviv region have been used for this study. A questionnaire was developed for the submission of individual patient data and a standardized format for making their indicators derived from orthopantomograms (OPG). The examination of the area of the lower seven teeth on the left was done using the Cameriere method and the age of the child was evaluated, which was further compared with the chronological age.  Results.The obtained results of the study showed a high accuracy and reliability of the estimation of dental age in children up to 10-13 years with the help of the Cameriere formula modified by us. The research is based on the detection of physiological changes (the rate of formation of the roots) in the permanent teeth of children using the X-ray method.  Evaluating the results obtained by two methods, among girls and boys of the selected age group, a statistically significant strong correlation between the chronological age and the age calculated by the Cameriere method was revealed. Cameriere research has been carried out in many countries around the world and, in particular, in European countries, by implementing the general formula. Children in the period of occlusive bite remain the most critical in terms of age and, therefore, the determination of the correct time for dental interventions. In this age group, the development of permanent teeth passes through different stages and depends on many factors of the environment, genetic, geographical and food factors. The process of teething also affects many local factors, such as space and space for a permanent tooth in the dental artery and the loss of temporary precursors. Even with a large number of factors affecting the eruption and formation of permanent teeth in children, this method showed high accuracy and independence. In order to assess the Cameriere method among the children under study and its further practical application, a comparison was made between the age obtained using this methodology and the chronological age of the children under study in different age groups, both among boys and girls. Analyzing the obtained data, it was found that the mean of chronological age among the studied boys aged 10-11 (n = 14) was 11.02 ± 0.59 years, and the Cameriere method was 10.63 ± 1.03 years.  Student's assessment did not reveal a significant difference between the data (p = 0.22) for the age group of 10-11 years.  Further analysis among the studied boys revealed that in the age group 12-13 years the average chronological age was 12.94 ± 0.49 years, and the age was determined by the Cameriere method 12.59 ± 0.63 years, and no significant difference was established between them  (p = 0.14). The results of the studies have shown the suitability of the Cameriere formula modified during the process, based on the assessment of open tops and the number of teeth with completed root formation as a marker for the physiological development of the child and one that can be used to determine the child's age.Since studies had a limited age range on a particular sample of dental patients, further studies should evaluate the utility of this method in a larger sample of children in the extended age range of the given region of Ukraine and, if possible, adjust the formula we modified for the stability of the averaged indicators in different samples by age and sex. 

Theories of Social Media and Learning

2020 ◽  
pp. 142-154
Author(s):  
Lourduraj Ignacimuthu ◽  
Mallika Vijaya Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Survey Research ◽  
Social Constructivism ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Learning Theories ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Classroom Learning ◽  
College And University ◽  
The Social

The objective of the study is to find out how students use social media for learning. Theories of social media and learning: social constructivism, heutagogy, activity theory, connectivism, cognitive development, peer learning, and peer tutoring, Cooperative learning is discussed and connected to learning. Social media is used at the college and university level for formal learning. The research methodology was survey research by a questionnaire, personal interviews, and focus group discussion. Youth in general are interested in using the technologies and it is found that they adopt technologies faster than the respondents in the age group of 45 and above. Learning takes place in their own habitats as opposed to formal classroom learning. The study also proves that the social media learners find new web portals to extend their learning and find answers for their questions from quora.com, edx.org, scribd.com, libgen.io, etc.

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