scholarly journals The Role of Media in Presidential Electoral Outcome in Nigeria between 2009 to 2019

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Ushie Rita Omali
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Electoral Outcome ◽  
Electoral Outcomes ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Military ◽  
Negative Factors

This paper examines the role of the media in electoral outcomes in Nigeria. The methodology used was the examination of secondary data. The paper established that the Nigerian media had come a long way from its colonial past the media was also buffeted by other negative factors that affected its professionalism like the military dictatorships which tried but were unsuccessful in muzzling the media. The media in Nigeria though vibrant is limited in its professional and ethical reportage and broadcast due to issues considered primordial like ethnicity, religion, ownership among others. While it can be said that the media does indeed affect the electoral outcomes because of political advertisement, coverage etc they are not the sole determinants of electoral outcomes in Nigeria.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF MARTIAL COURT IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF LAW ENFORCEMENT IN INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (22) ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
Mahfutt Mahfutt ◽  
Khairil Anwar ◽  
Billi Belladona Matindas
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Court System ◽  
Criminal Offenses ◽  
The Law ◽  
Law And Justice ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Military

The position of the Military Court is a body that executes the judicial power in the circle of the Indonesian National Armed Forces to enforce the law and justice with due observance of the interest in the state defense and safety. The Military Court is authorized to try the crimes committed by someone who when committing such crime is a soldier of the Indonesian National Armed Forces, a member of a group or office or body or equal to a soldier pursuant to the Law and someone is not included in the said group as set forth in the Law Number 31 of 1997 on Military Court. Following the reform of 1988, the existence of the Military Court is developed by some activists and the public that observe the Military Court, insisting the Parliament of the Republic of Indonesia to revise Law Number 31 of 1997 on Military Court, with the focus point for a soldier of the Indonesian National Armed Forces who commits a general crime to be tried in the General Court with the reason that the Military Court practice is closed in nature, and another reason is the equalization of rights before the law. The method used in this research is the normative law research that is carried out to obtain the necessary data relating to the problem. The data used is secondary data consisting of primary law materials, secondary law materials, and tertiary law materials. In addition, primary data is also used as the support of the secondary data law materials. The data is analyzed by the qualitative juridical analysis method. The results of the research show that the Military Court is one of the mechanisms that are always tried to be maintained. The outcome from the research discovers that the role of the Martial Court in Indonesia remains effective, fair, and democratic to this date realistically marked by fair punishment within the jurisdiction offended, which corresponds to the need of TNI institution in the aspects of Culture, Benefit, Assurance, and Fairness. It is recommended that the RI Government continuously develop and improve the same by maintaining the role of the Martial Court in punishing criminal offenses committed by military members on the Martial Court system currently in force.

scholarly journals Media’s Portrayal of Homosexuality and Rape as a Reflection of Cultural Acceptance?

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina C. Touitou
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cultural Taboos ◽  
Short Video ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Military

The study focuses on media’s portrayal of homosexuality as a reflection of cultural acceptance in the society. The first representation of gay men in the United States to a national audience occurred in 1967 with the airing of a documentary titled “The Homosexuals,” which is filled with harmful, derogatory stereotypes etc. The fact that homosexual characters were mostly guest stars as opposed to leading characters also suggests that gay activist were taking a less radical approach by attempting to improve acceptance of homosexual. In Nigeria, homosexuality is a taboo, abnormal and not accepted. The media can and has with some degree of success helped break down the cultural taboos associated with sensitive sexual topics and bridge some gaps in our sexual knowledge. The paper adopted empirical secondary data, and employed cultivation theory. It proved that the media have power in shaping people’ believe and perception, and can form or modify the public opinion in different ways depending on what the objective is. For example, Pakistani media influenced the opinion against the Taliban in Swat by repeated telecast of a video clip showing whipping of a woman by a Taliban. Before that, the public opinion over the military action against the Taliban was divided, but repeated telecast of this short video clip changed the public opinion overnight in favor of the government to take action. The paper recommended that the media should take a firm stand, not playing two-edge sword on  the reportage of homosexuality, and should remain a ‘watchdog’ and the ‘mirror’ of the society.

scholarly journals The Role of Media in the Coverage of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPS) of Malakand Division (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa)

2020 ◽  
Vol V (II) ◽  
pp. 34-49
Author(s):  
Dost Muhammad Yousafzai ◽  
Mehrunnisa
Keyword(s):  
Internally Displaced Persons ◽  
Displaced Persons ◽  
Military Operation ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Government ◽  
Democratic Stability ◽  
The One ◽  
The Military

The Taliban rule in Swat and the adjoining districts of Malakand Division was a major threat to the democratic stability of Pakistan. In consequence, the state had to mobilize the army and to curb militancy through force after all peaceful measures had failed. During the military operation, about 3 million people became IDPs (internally displaced persons) with no food and shelter. The only means of bringing the problems of the IDPs to the notice of public was possible only through media. The present research study is undertaken to highlight the role of media mainly the print in representing the IDPs, the language they used to describe the events and the experience of senior journalists (Bureau Chiefs) in the field. The study concludes that media performed in a commendable way to highlight the problems of IDPs, to glorify the army and to downplay the anti-state narrative of the Taliban. Further, it is found that despite all efforts, the media personnel felt torn between the various sides' expectations. On the one hand, they were pressed hard by the government and the IDPs to give them more coverage while the militants would also issue threats to them in case their views were not properly.

scholarly journals STRATEGIC MILITARY NEWS MANAGEMENT POLICY – PERSONAL EXPERIENCES FROM DIFFERENT WARS

2013 ◽  
pp. 99-116
Author(s):  
VALENTIN AREH
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
The Public ◽  
Military Commanders ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Military

The role of mass media in Western democracies is crucial for public opinion, which is used in the elections to support or reject military actions proposed by the govern- ment. Because of the public and political nature of military operations, it has become essential for military commanders to make effective operational use of the mass media in order to achieve their objectives. The operational commander and his staff must have a sufficient focused guidance to permit them to integrate media manage- ment into operational plans. Author as a war correspondent presents his experiences from different wars, mistakes and best practices from different armies. According to his personal experience, the most elaborate and developed public relations concept is the U.S. “Embedded Media Program” which proved successful from the perspective of the military as well as the media. Vloga množičnih medijev v zahodnih demokracijah je ključnega pomena za obliko- vanje javnega mnenja, ki se uporablja na volitvah za podporo ali zavrnitev vojaških ukrepov, ki jih predlaga vlada. Zaradi javne in politične narave vojaških operacij je postalo nujno, da vojaški poveljniki množične medije učinkovito vključijo v opera- tivno delovanje in tako dosežejo svoje cilje. Operativni poveljnik in njegovo osebje morajo imeti dovolj natančne smernice za vključitev upravljanja medijev v opera- tivne načrte. Avtor kot vojni dopisnik predstavlja svoje izkušnje iz različnih vojn ter napake in primere dobre prakse iz različnih vojsk. Glede na njegove osebne izkušnje je najbolje razvit in izpiljen koncept odnosov z javnostmi program gostujočih medijev iz ZDA, ki se je izkazal kot uspešen tako z vidika vojske kot medijev.

Building Security through Insecurity: The Nigerian Military and Counter-Violence Campaigns in the Fourth Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-200
Author(s):  
Segun Joshua ◽  
Daniel Gberevbie ◽  
Kester Onor
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Human Security ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Internal Security ◽  
Fourth Republic ◽  
Security Operations ◽  
The Military

Since independence on October 1, 1960, Nigeria has been a victim, at one time or the other, of intra-ethnic, inter-ethnic, religious, and communal conflicts which have undermined the human security of her citizens. Nigeria’s corporate existence had also been threatened by 3 years (1967–1970) civil war which impacted negatively on the well-being of its people. In addition, the inability of the Nigerian Police to cope with the magnitude of the surge of violence in recent years has brought about the idea of involving the military, a core component of traditional security apparatus to deal with internal insecurity. This article is anchored on human security paradigm with reliance on secondary data to analyze the operations of the Nigerian Military in counterviolence campaigns between 1999 and 2017. This article points out that the involvement of the military in internal security has worsened the problem of insecurity due to the military’s unprofessional approach and, at times, deliberate targeting the civilian populace which it is supposed to protect. It, therefore, recommends among others, the need for the Federal Government of Nigeria to urgently review the role of the armed forces in addressing internal security situations in a way that will bring about respect for the rule of engagement in internal security operations and adherence to global best practices.

Media Accountability and Democracy in Nigeria, 1999–2003

2004 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayo Olukoyun
Keyword(s):  
Public Life ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Case Study Approach ◽  
Study Approach ◽  
Fourth Republic ◽  
National Question ◽  
The Media

Abstract:This article discusses the role of the media in Nigeria's Fourth Republic between 1999 and 2003. Employing a case study approach, it highlights as well as analyzes the media's role in insisting on accountability and decency in Nigeria's notoriously corrupt public life. The media's crusade ran against the country's geopolitical divisions and revived the debate on the national question as well as the media's own morality. The article draws on both primary and secondary data to examine the media's role in an emergent democracy.

Detection Techniques of Fraud in Accounting

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arben Sahiti ◽  
Mejdi Bektashi
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Accounting Fraud ◽  
External Auditors ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
The Media ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Made In

The problem relating with the accounting fraud is that it has not stopped despite the numerous changes that have been made in legislation and strict controls by the internal and external auditors. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to asess strategies and techniques available to use for accounting fraud detection. Also, this paper aims to assess the impact of fraud, and the role of auditors and the media in combating this phenomenon. This research will be carried out using secondary data because it fits better the aim and purpose of the research. Data used derived from a range of sources that have a very high degree of credibility and reliability, and which have been carefully reviewed by other relevant bodies for accuracy and quality purposes. This includes databases and various publications. In addition, the data also stem from individual and group publications made by renowned scientific researchers who have solid expertise in their field of accounting. Narrative analysis is used to analyze the data in this paper. This research will conclude that techniques used for the detection of fraud in accounting and various strategies can positively influence the treatment of this phenomenon due to the alarm buzzer for possible fraud. However, vigilance is necessarily required to add all parties involved in the corporation through the use of different anti-fraud programs to stimulate the accountability of the management executives and employees through informants to fight this destructive phenomenon.

Mediatized war and the moralizing function of news about disruptive events

Journalism ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tal Morse
Keyword(s):  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Moral Orientation ◽  
Al Jazeera ◽  
Institutional Approach ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Military ◽  
Cultural Frames

Theory of mediatized war asserts that the study of contemporary wars must consider the role of the media in it. However, while the focus of the mediatization of wars is usually on the power dynamics between the military, the media, and the audiences, the institutional approach to mediatization invites us to consider the role of the media as educators and providers of moral orientation. Thus, the study of mediatized war needs to consider the moral work of news in articulating an ethical solicitation for spectators to reflect upon their responsibility to the suffering of distant others during wartime. Following Judith Butler’s call to reflect on the cultural frames through which ethical solicitation emerges, this article studies Al-Jazeera English’s coverage of the 2008 Gaza War and points to the discursive and performative means through which news constructs distant deaths as grievable and fosters cosmopolitan sentiment.

Regime Change under the Party of Justice and Development (AKP) in Turkey

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feryaz Ocaklı
Keyword(s):  
Regime Change ◽  
Authoritarian Regime ◽  
Democratic Breakdown ◽  
Institutional Contexts ◽  
The Media ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
The Government ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Military

This chapter examines Turkey’s transition to an authoritarian regime under the Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi (Justice and Development Party—AKP). Turkey’s regime transition reflects the broader pattern of “executive aggrandizement,” whereby the accountability of elected governments is progressively eroded. Turkey’s regime has slid gradually from an illiberal democracy constrained by the power of the military to an authoritarian regime in which the president monopolizes political power. The political, economic, and institutional contexts in which elections take place are heavily skewed in favor of the incumbents, and the ballot box serves to legitimize the government rather than holding it accountable. The chapter surveys the primary factors that have influenced the process of regime change. In particular, it focuses on the role of persistent electoral victories early in the AKP’s tenure in government, the marginalization of Erdoğan’s rivals within the AKP, the creation of a pro-government business class that controls the media landscape, the role of social welfare practices, and the party’s capture of judicial and security bureaucracies. While Islamic social movements like the Gülen community, as well as the AKP’s Islamist identity, played a role in regime change, religion’s impact on authoritarian transition was minimal. Studying the process of democratic backsliding in Turkey, a Muslim-majority state, illuminates crucial mechanisms of democratic breakdown and authoritarian regime consolidation more broadly.

scholarly journals Prawne aspekty konfliktu zbrojnego na Ukrainie jako przykład wojny hybrydowej

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 283-302
Author(s):  
Paweł Ochmann ◽  
Jakub Wojas
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Public International Law ◽  
Military Conflict ◽  
The Public ◽  
Proxy War ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Hybrid War ◽  
The Military

The term ‘hybrid war’ has not been defined in the public international law. However, it is commonly used in the media, by politicians and also by academics in scientific discourses.The article raises the question of  whether it is justified to use the term ʻhybrid war’ in reference to the military conflict in Ukraine. The authors scrutinise to what extent the situation in Ukraine meets the criteria of a ʻhybrid war’. Therefore, they try to define the term and describe its distinctive characteristics. Then, successive developments in Ukraine are analysed and compared with the characteristics. The article focuses on the role of the Dontsk People’s Republic and Luhansk People’s Republic, and their dependence on the Russian Federation. According to the authors, they are examples of actions conducted by proxies – the so called proxy war. This is the most important proof of the hybrid nature of the conflict in Ukraine. The authors also consider the responsibility of Russia for the actions of these separatist republics and wonder how to prevent the consequences of this conflict.

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