Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites among the Malnourished Children in Enugu, Nigeria

Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) have remained a serious challenge to developing countries. Infectious disease and nutritional deficiencies can impact adversely on the nutritional status of children. Hence, this study aimed at investigating prevalence of Intestinal parasitic infections among malnourished children in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria. It was a case-controlled study consisting of 164 malnourished children and 100 well-nourished subjects between the ages of 0-10 years whose caregivers gave their consent. Anthropometric measures were evaluated using the Gomez system of classification. Stool samples were analyzed using standard parasitological protocols. Of the 164 malnourished children 52(31.7%), 63(38.4%), 49(29.9%) had mild, moderate, and severe malnutrition respectively. Five species of helminths and three species of protozoa were detected. The overall prevalence was 51.8% among the malnourished and 12% in well-nourished children. The prevalence of IPIs among the control, mild, moderate, and severe malnutrition were 12%, 36.5%, 60.3%, and 57.1% respectively. Ascaris lumbricoides ranked highest 40(37.7%) followed by Hookworm 31(29.3%) and the least was Strongyloides stercoralis 4(3.8%) among the helminths while Cryptosporidium spp was the most prevalent protozoa 8(7.6%) and the least was Isospora spp. 2(1.9%). Mixed infections were detected in 3(7.5%) and 6(21.4%) among children with moderate and severe malnutrition respectively. Nutritional status was found to be a significant risk factor while gender and age were statistically insignificant P= 0.118 and P= 0.455 respectively. The study revealed that malnourished children are highly susceptible to IPIs. There is a need for integrated effort to address malnutrition and parasitic infections

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Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections and their Association with Nutritional Status of Rural and Urban Pre-School Children in Benue State, Nigeria

International Journal of MCH and AIDS (IJMA) ◽

10.21106/ijma.146 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 146-152

Author(s):

Kpurkpur Tyoalumun, MSc ◽

Sani Sani Abubakar, MSc ◽

Nongu Christopher, MLT

Keyword(s):

Global Health ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

School Children ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Essential Information ◽

Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Z Scores

Background and Objectives: Intestinal parasitic infections are highly prevalent in developing countries, contributing to high incidence of malnutrition and morbidity. This study aimed to fi nd the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and their association with nutritional status of children in Benue State, Nigeria. Methods: A cross sectional study conducted from January-June 2016, among 418 school children under-5 years of age. Anthropometric data, height-for-age, weight-for-height, and weight-for-age Z-scores from each child and fecal samples were collected and screened for intestinal parasites using standard laboratory methods. Results: Among the intestinal parasitic infections detected, the prevalence of E. histolytica was higher (51.0% and 29.0%) than all other parasites encountered in rural and urban pupils (P<0.05). Other parasites were Hookworm (46.2% and 24.8%); G. lamblia (11.5% and 8.6%); and T. trichiura (2.4% and 5.2%). The prevalence of stunting (HAZ<-2), in rural and urban pupils were 43.8% and 32.9%; 64.4% and 39.0% rural and urban pupils were underweight (WAZ<-2), while 30.3% and 24.3% were wasted (WHZ<-2). Infected children had signifi cantly (P<0.05) higher z-scores than the uninfected children. Conclusion and Global Health Implications: Benue State is among the Nigerian states with the highest burden of tropical diseases with a current plan of elimination implemented through mass drug administration. This study identify/evaluate some essential information that will support the planning and implementation of the State’s ongoing efforts. Copyright © 2016 Tyoalumun et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.

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Nutrition, Water quality, Sanitation and Hygiene Practices Associated with Children’s Health Status in Nepal. A Cross-sectional Study on Intestinal Parasitic Infections, Diarrhoea and Undernutrition

10.21203/rs.2.15462/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Akina Shrestha ◽

Jeanne Six ◽

Dikshya Dahal ◽

Rubika Shrestha ◽

Madan Bhatta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Universal Access ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Nutritional Deficiencies ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽

Sanitation And Hygiene

Abstract Background: Providing universal access to safe water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) in remote Nepal remains challenging. Efforts to improve WASH access in these areas are impeded by a dearth of information on the status of WASH conditions and its association with health and nutritional status of children in Nepal. Methods: We investigated nutritional status, WASH practices, and their association with intestinal parasitic infections, diarrhoea, undernutrition and clinical signs of nutritional deficiencies (hereafter health outcomes) during March to May 2018. Data was collected through a cross-sectional survey of 1427 households, including questionnaires, observations, stool analysis, anthropometry, water quality measurements and assessment of clinical signs of nutritional deficiencies. Results: We found that 55.5% had undernutrition, 63.9% had clinical signs of nutritional deficiencies, 51.1% of children were suffering from intestinal parasitic infections, and 52.2% had waterborne illnesses. Multivariate mixed logistic regression analysis revealed statistically significant associations (p<0.05) between aforementioned health outcomes and a better socioeconomic status (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=0.43, 95% confidence intervals (CI)=0.25-0.75), caregivers who can read (AOR=4.07, 95% CI=1.00-16.5), own food production of food (AOR=0.67, 95% CI=0.46-0.97), providing food supplements to the children (AOR=0.57, 95% CI=0.38-0.84), intermittent water supply (AOR=2.72, 95% CI=1.18-6.31), source water quality (AOR=10.44, 95% CI=1.61-67.4), washing hands when they look dirty (AOR=0.47, 95% CI=0.32-0.71), no toilet at home (AOR=6.12, 95% CI=1.08-14.25), cleanliness of the available toilet (AOR=0.68, 95% CI=0.47-0.98), handwashing after going to toilet (AOR=0.37, 95% CI=0.13-1.02), cleanliness of caregivers hand (AOR=0.61, 95% CI=0.41-0.89), presence of earthen floor (AOR=2.29, 95% CI=1.20-4.37), animals inside the house overnight (AOR=1.71, 95% CI=1.17-2.51) and regular deworming of the children (AOR=0.44, 95% CI=0.20-0.94). Conclusions: Findings suggest improvements in WASH services, along with household hygiene and nutritional interventions, may together reduce child morbidity and mortality in Nepal. Keywords: Drinking Water Quality, Sanitation and Hygiene, Child Health, Diarrhoea, Undernutrition, Intestinal Parasitic Infections, Nepal.

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Mass Investigation on Intestinal Parasite Infection in Masjed Soleyman, Iran, 2010-2017: A Large Population Survey

International Journal of Medical Laboratory ◽

10.18502/ijml.v7i3.4140 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Komeil Mazhab-Jafari ◽

Rouhollah Rouhandeh ◽

Razieh Bahrami ◽

Firooz Shahrivar

Keyword(s):

Intestinal Parasite ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Large Population ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Protozoan Parasites ◽

Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽

Medical Centers ◽

Southwest Of Iran ◽

The City

Background and Aims: Globally, intestinal parasitic infections are a significant risk to human health. These infections may cause many health problems for humans, such as reduced growth, especially in children. This study, epidemiologically, aims to investigate the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections which are collected from three medical centers in the city of Masjed Soleyman located in the southwest of Iran from 2010 to 2017. Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, documented data of three medical center’s laboratories in Masjed Soleyman were collected through the years 2010 to 2017. In these medical centers, conventional parasitology methods such as direct observation are employed for detection, and other techniques have been practiced in required cases. Results: Out of 45829 patients, 9.7% of the patients were infected by the intestinal parasites. Statistical analysis has revealed that there is a significant relationship between the rate of infection and sex and season. Conclusions: Considering the obtained data, the incidence of protozoan parasites is more than worm infections. Despite increased levels of public health, parasitic infections that are transmitted directly are still found in the community. The air temperature, sex, environmental pollution, and lifestyle are effective factors in increasing or decreasing these infections.

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Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Practices Associated with Intestinal Parasitic Infections, Diarrhoea, Undernutrition and Clinical Signs of Nutritional Deficiencies among Children in Surkhet, Dailekh and Achham districts, Nepal: a cross-sectional study

10.21203/rs.2.15462/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Akina Shrestha ◽

Jeanne Six ◽

Dikshya Dahal ◽

Rubika Shrestha ◽

Madan Bhatta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Quality ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Universal Access ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Nutritional Deficiencies ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽

Sanitation And Hygiene

Abstract Background: Providing universal access to safe water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) in remote Nepal remains challenging. Efforts to improve WASH access in these areas are impeded by a dearth of information on the status of WASH conditions and its association with health and nutritional status of children in Nepal. Methods: We investigated WASH practices, nutritional status, and their association with intestinal parasitic infections, diarrhoea, undernutrition and clinical signs of nutritional deficiencies (hereafter health outcomes) during March to May 2018. Data was collected through cross-sectional survey of 1427 households, including questionnaires, observations, stool analysis, anthropometry, water quality measurements and assessment of clinical signs of nutritional deficiencies. Results: We found that 51.1% of children were suffering from intestinal parasitic infections and 55.5% had undernutrition; 52.2% had waterborne illnesses; and 63.9% had clinical signs of nutritional deficiencies. Multivariate mixed logistic regression analysis revealed significant associations between health outcomes and intermittent water supply (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=2.72, 95% confidence intervals (CI)=1.18-6.31, P =0.02), washing hands when they look dirty (AOR=0.47, 95% CI=0.32-0.71, P =0.01), handwashing after going to toilet (AOR=0.37, 95% CI=0.13-1.02, P =0.06), cleanliness of the toilet (AOR=0.68, 95% CI=0.47-0.98, P =0.04), presence of earthen floor (AOR=2.29, 95% CI=1.20-4.37, P =0.01), caregivers who can read (AOR=4.07, 95% CI=1.00-16.55, P =0.05), no toilet (AOR=6.12, 95% CI=1.08-14.25, P =0.04), cleanliness of caregivers hand (AOR=0.61, 95% CI=0.41-0.89, P =0.01), regular deworming (AOR=0.44, 95% CI=0.20-0.94, P =0.03), own food production (AOR=0.67, 95% CI=0.46-0.97, P =0.03), animals inside the house overnight (AOR=1.71, 95% CI=1.17-2.51, P =0.01), source water quality (AOR=10.44, 95% CI=1.61-67.4, P =0.01), better socioeconomic status (AOR=0.43, 95% CI=0.25-0.75, P =0.01), and food supplements (AOR=0.57, 95% CI=0.38-0.84, P =0.01). Conclusions: Findings suggest improvements in WASH services, along with household hygiene and nutritional interventions, may together reduce child morbidity and mortality in Nepal.

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What are Hidden Facts behind Intestinal Parasitic Infections in Ilam City?

Infectious Disorders - Drug Targets ◽

10.2174/1871526518666180508125418 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (3) ◽

pp. 284-287

Author(s):

S. Viesy ◽

J. Abdi ◽

Z. Rezaei

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Parasitic Infection ◽

Public Health Education ◽

Health Problems ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Blastocystis Hominis ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽

Number Of Patients

Background: Intestinal parasitic infections are the one of the most common health problems in developing countries. Objective: A number of patients die annually due to complications caused by these parasites.Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the rate and type of parasitic infections, determine the factors affecting them in Ilam city and also provide strategies to prevent them.In this descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in one of the Ilam labs in 2016, 417 stool specimens were randomly collected. All specimens were examined using direct and ethanol formaldehyde.Suspect specimens were examined using Trichrom staining. Demographic information was also recorded in a questionnaire, and finally the results were analyzed using statistical software SPSS 20.The data were then compared with Chi-square test. Results: Out of the 417 patients examined, 59 (14.1%) were infected with intestinal parasites. The type of parasitic infection in 9.4% was Blastocystis hominis, 3.6% Entamoeba coli, 0.5% Entamoeba histolytica, 0.5% Giardia and 0.2% Trichomonas hominis. Conclusion: Despite the improvement of public health, parasitic infections are still considered as one of the health problems in the city of Ilam. Therefore, proper planning, public health education, raising the level of health in the area and the provision of safe drinking water are some of the ways to reduce parasitic infections in the region.

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Prevalence and risk factors of Strongyloides stercoralis infection among Orang Asli schoolchildren: new insights into the epidemiology, transmission and diagnosis of strongyloidiasis in Malaysia

Parasitology ◽

10.1017/s0031182019000945 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 146 (12) ◽

pp. 1602-1614 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi ◽

Nabil A. Nasr ◽

Yvonne A. L. Lim ◽

Fatin Nur Elyana ◽

Hany Sady ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Agar Plate ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Control Programme ◽

Control Measures ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Orang Asli ◽

Direct Smear

AbstractThis cross-sectional study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of S. stercoralis infection among 1142 Orang Asli primary schoolchildren in six different states of Peninsular Malaysia. Fecal samples were examined using direct smear, formalin-ether sedimentation (FES), agar plate culture (APC) and PCR techniques. Overall, 15.8% of the children were found to be infected with S. stercoralis. The prevalence was 0.2, 1.3, 15.2 and 13.7% by direct smear, FES, APC and PCR, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that an age of >10 years, being male, belonging to a Proto-Malay tribe, belonging to the Senoi tribe, indiscriminate defecation, using an unimproved water source for drinking water and not wearing shoes when outside were the significant risk factors of infection among these children. In conclusion, we provide new evidence on the occurrence of S. stercoralis in Malaysia to show that there is a relatively high prevalence of infection among Orang Asli schoolchildren. Therefore, the use of specific methods for detecting S. stercoralis should be considered when screening these children for intestinal parasites. Moreover, prevention and control measures specific to S. stercoralis should be integrated into the intestinal parasitic infections control programme in Malaysia.

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Intestinal parasitic infections and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-021-03908-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zelalem Animaw ◽

Addisu Melese ◽

Habtamu Demelash ◽

Girma Seyoum ◽

Abiy Abebe

Keyword(s):

Pregnant Women ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Stool Examination ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽

Pooled Prevalence

Abstract Background Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are public health problems widely distributed in the world and cause significant morbidity and mortality; many of which occur among women of reproductive age. IPIs caused by helminthes and protozoan parasites are common among pregnant women. Data on the national pooled prevalence of intestinal parasites and associated factors during pregnancy is not documented well in Ethiopia. This review aims at summarizing evidences on the burden of IPIs and associated factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia. Methods Published and unpublished studies were thoroughly searched at MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, Google Scholar, CINAHL, Cochrane library and Science Direct. In addition, repositories of Addis Ababa, Gondar and Jimma Universities were searched. Eligible studies were selected following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guideline. The pooled prevalence of intestinal parasites and summary odds ratios (ORs) were determined with 95 % confidence intervals (CI). Sub-groups analyses were done based on study region, types of parasites, methods of stool examination and study setting. The statistical analyses were performed using STATA version 14.0 software. Results Among 168 retrieved studies, 31 studies with a total population of 12,118 pregnant women were included. The estimated pooled prevalence of IPIs among pregnant women in Ethiopia was 27.32 % (95 % CI: 20.61, 33.87 %). In the subgroup analysis, Oromia and Amhara regions had the highest prevalence with a 29.78 % (95 % CI: 15.97, 43.60) and 29.63 % (95 % CI: 15.37, 43.89); respectively. In addition, studies conducted in the community showed higher prevalence than institution based studies (49.93 % Vs 24.84 %; respectively). The most prevalent type of intestinal parasite identified were Hookworm followed by Ascaris lumbricoides with a pooled prevalence of 11.2 and 10.34 %, respectively. In our analysis; residence, being bare footed, lack of hand washing habit and eating uncooked/raw vegetables were significantly associated with IPIs among pregnant women in Ethiopia. Conclusions Prevalence of IPIs during pregnancy is relatively high in Ethiopia. Poor hygienic practices were identified as risk factors. Based on our finding, targeted preventive measures shall be considered so as to prevent morbidity and mortality due to IPIs.

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Human Intestinal Parasites: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors among Grade School Children in Maksegnit, Northwest Ethiopia

Journal of Tropical Medicine ◽

10.1155/2021/6694809 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Kefale Shiferaw ◽

Teklemichael Tesfay ◽

Girmay Kalayu ◽

Gebrehiwot Kiros

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

School Children ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Northwest Ethiopia ◽

Personal Hygiene ◽

Single Infection ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Grade School ◽

Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽

Associated Risk Factors

This study was aimed to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of intestinal parasitic infections in grade school children in Maksegnit, Northwest Ethiopia. Five species of intestinal parasites were identified with an overall prevalence of 155 (40.4%). Among these, Ascaris lumbricoides 122 (31.8%) and Entamoeba histolytica 18 (4.7%) were predominant. Of the total 155 (40.4%) positive individuals, 149 (39%) had a single infection and the rest 6 (1.6%) had double parasitic infections. Of the different variables assessed, age, gender, shoe wearing, and eating raw or undercooked vegetables were not significantly associated with the prevalence of intestinal parasites ( P > 0.05 ). However, a statistically significant association ( P < 0.05 ) was observed between infected children and variables including defecation habit (AOR = 0.216), cleanliness of fingernails (AOR = 0.146), drinking river water (AOR = 0.124), and hand washing habit after defecation (AOR = 0.236) ( P < 0.05 ). Regular deworming, education on personal hygiene, and environmental sanitation to both students and their parents shall be implemented to reduce the prevalence rate of intestinal parasitic infections in the study area.

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National State Survey to identify the presence of intestinal parasitic infections of mixed randomized patients as prevention who attended the IMSS laboratory

ECORFAN Journal Republic of Guatemala ◽

10.35429/ejrg.2020.11.6.1.4 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Arcelia González-García ◽

Claudia Hernández-Salas ◽

Rosa Maria Martínez-Ortiz ◽

Lilia González-Martínez

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Parasitic Infection ◽

Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽

Control Programs ◽

Intestinal Parasitosis

Introduction: Nowadays in our state, intestinal parasitic diseases are still endemic, with a greater frequency in rural and mountainous urban areas. After the years have elapsed since the last national survey, it was necessary to carry out a new survey to know the prevalence rates of intestinal parasitosis and to compare the results obtained between both studies. Such knowledge would be of great value in developing health strategies and designing intestinal parasitic infection control programs. Objective: to determine the current prevalence rates of intestinal parasites, to compare the results with those of the survey obtained. Methods: a random cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out during the months of December 2018 to March 2019 in a random sample of both sexes from the population of urban communities and the province of Zacatecas, Zac. Each one had a stool sample collected that was analyzed by the direct examination method, the Willis concentration technique, and the Kato-Katz examination; A questionnaire was also applied to them. Results: when comparing the results of the national and state surveys of intestinal parasitic infections carried out in 2009 and 2018, it was found that, in general, infections by parasites decreased, both helminths and pathogenic protozoa, although those infected with commensals increased their frequency in that of 2019. There was also a decrease in the frequency of infections by all species of soil-transmitted helminths, Trichuris trichiura, Ascaris lumbricoides, ancylostomideos, and Strongyloides stercoralis, as well as by the pathogenic protozoa Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolitica. Conclusions: when comparing the results of national and state surveys of intestinal parasite infections carried out in 2018 and 2019, it was found that in general the frequencies of infections with intestinal parasites decreased. The finding in both studies of a higher frequency of infection with parasites or commensals in the group aged 5 to 14 years (school age), supports the recommendation to place emphasis on control programs for intestinal parasites in this age group.

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Relationship of Personal Hygiene and Nutritional Status to Intestinal Parasitic Infection in Simo, Boyolali

Journal of Biodiversity and Biotechnology ◽

10.20961/jbb.v1i1.50237 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 38

Author(s):

Sherlina Rintik Tirta Ayu ◽

Sri Haryati ◽

Yulia Sari ◽

Sutartinah Handayani

Keyword(s):

Elementary School ◽

Nutritional Status ◽

Intestinal Parasite ◽

Parasitic Infection ◽

Observational Research ◽

Personal Hygiene ◽

Parasitic Infections ◽

School Students ◽

Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽

Parasite Infections

Intestinal parasitic infections are caused by protozoa, STH and non-STH worms. Immunity, which can be determined by measuring nutritional status, and personal hygiene can affect the occurrence of intestinal parasite infections. This study aims to determine the relationship between personal hygiene and nutritional status against intestinal parasite infections in elementary school students in Simo Boyolali. This type of analytic observational research with a cross sectional approach. Total sampling was taken at elementary school of Wates, Talakbroto 1, and Kedunglengkong 1 Simo, Boyolali. There were 11 students with worms infections, 16 with protozoa infections, and 4 with worms and protozoa infection. There was a relationship between washing hands before eating (p = 0.004), after eating (0.027), after defecating (p = 0.04), biting nails (p = 0.008), wearing footwear when leaving the house (p = 0.008) , removing shoes while playing during school breaks (p = 0.001), and nutritional status (p = 0.002) with intestinal parasite infection. There was no relationship between nail clipping once a week (p = 0.118) and the availability of a latrine (p = 0.416) with intestinal parasitic infections. So, there is a relationship between personal hygiene (washing hands before eating, after eating, after defecating, biting nails, wearing footwear when leaving the house, removing shoes when playing during school breaks, and nutritional status) and intestinal parasitic infections. Keywords: elementary school; protozoa; worms.

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