scholarly journals The Effect of Nigella sativa and Piper guineense Aqueous Extracts on the in Vivo Expression Profile of Lipid and Sex Hormones

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Okoye Ngozi Franca ◽  
Uvbiekpahor Rume
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
The Third ◽  
Black Seed

Aim: The study investigated the effect of aqueous extract of Piper guineense and Nigella sativa on Testosterone, Estrogen and Follicle stimulating hormone levels in male and female rats induced by diets supplemented with high dose of sucrose and margarine for four (4) week. Materials and Methods: Thirty male and female Wistar rats of average weight (100 g) were used for the study. The rats were arranged into five groups with six rats in each of the groups. The rats had access to their normal feed but sucrose and margarine were used to induce hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia respectively on the rats with the exception of the rats in the positive control group.  The rats in the negative control were induced using the sucrose and margarine but were not treated using the aqueous extracts. The rats in the Piper guineense group were treated with 2 ml of Piper guineense aqueous leaf extract, while the rats in the Nigella sativa group were treated with 2 ml of Nigella sativa aqueous extract. The rats in the Nigella sativa and Piper guineense group were treated with 2 ml of the combined aqueous extract. Results: The results showed that the extracts had an increasing effect which was time dependent on the hormones. The highest increase was obtained on the third week of feeding when compared to the control. The testosterone levels (mlU/ml) showed for the, positive control (2.28 ± 0.08), uziza leaf (6.45 ± 0.01), black seed (2.85 ± 0.01), black seed &uziza (8.47 ± 0.08)(p<0.05).  The increase for estrogen levels (mlU/ml) showed for the positive control (99 ± 0.82), uziza leaf (98 ± 1.63), black seed (100 ± 1.63), black seed & uziza (113 ± 0.82). Furthermore, the extracts also had an increasing effect on the follicle stimulating hormone levels with the highest increase obtained on the third week (p>0.05).  The FSH levels (mlU/ml)) showed for the positive control (0.23 ± 0.01), uziza leaf 0.25 ± 0.01), black seed (0.54 ± 0.02), black seed & uziza (0.58 ± 0.01)(p<0.05). Histopathological findings also suggest that treatment with the aqueous extracts of P.guineense and N .sativa after inducement salvaged the testes and ovaries when compared to the induced group after the second week of administration. Although the combined mixture N.sativa and P.guineense extract was more effective. Conclusion: The results of the study indicate that the aqueous extract of a combined mixture of Nigella sativa and Piper guineense might be an effective plant in indigenous medicine, which may be used to combat infertility caused by hormonal imbalance.

scholarly journals Effect of Black Seed (Nigella sativa) and Uziza (Piper guineense) Leaf on the Histology of the Liver of Wistar Albino Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Okoye Ngozi Franca ◽  
Ikiriko, Favour Ibiwari
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
The Third ◽  
Black Seed

Aim: This study was aimed at investigating the effects of aqueous extracts of both Nigella sativa and Piper guineense on the liver enzymes; alanine amino transferase (ALT), aspartate amino transferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Also the effect of Nigella sativa and Piper guineense extracts on the histology of the liver of Wistar rat was also studied. Materials and Methods: A total of twenty five Wistar rats were used for the study. The animals were grouped into five groups, each having five animals. They were induced with sucrose and margarine to cause high sugar levels and hyperlipidemia respectively except the positive control group which was fed normal feed. The groups were: the positive control group, the negative control group which were induced without treatment, the uziza leaf group which were induced and were treated with 2 ml of aqueous extract of uziza leaf, the black seed group which were induced and were treated with 2 ml of aqueous extract of black seed, and the black seed and uziza group which were induced and were treated with 2ml of aqueous extract of black seed and 2 ml of aqueous extract of uziza leaf.  Results: The result showed that the extracts decreased the ALT and AST and ALP activities in the rats in a time dependent manner with highest decrease obtained on the third week of treatment with the extracts.  The ALT activity (U/L) on the third week of treatment showed for the, negative control (64.48 ± 0.22), uziza leaf (28.82 ± 0.12), black seed (32.65 ± 0.02), black seed and uziza leaf (16.04 ± 0.02) (p≤0.05). The decrease in activity for AST levels (U/L) on the third week of treatment, showed for the negative control (58.00 ± 0.02), uziza leaf (11.00 ± 0.01), black seed (12.00 ± 0.02), black seed and uziza leaf (8.00 ± 0.02). Conclusion: It can be concluded that both uziza leaf and black seed have hepatoprotective effect on the liver.

scholarly journals Effects of Black Seed (Nigella sativa) and Uziza Leaf (Piper guineense) on Electrolytes, Urea and Creatinine of Wistar Albino Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Okoye Ngozi Franca ◽  
Igwilo, Elvis Ikenna
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Piper Guineense ◽  
The Third ◽  
Black Seed

Aim: For centuries, plant and plant products have played a pivotal role in medication. This study evaluated the effect of aqueous extract of black seed (Nigella sativa) and uziza leaf (Piper guineense) on electrolytes, urea and creatinine of Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five Wistar rats were used for the study; the rats were arranged into five groups with five rats each. Sucrose and margarine were used to induce hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia respectively on the rats with the exception of the rats in the positive control group.  The rats in the negative control were induced using the sucrose and margarine but were not treated using the aqueous extracts. The rats in the uziza group were treated with 2 ml of uziza aqueous leaf extract, while the rats in the black seed group were treated with 2 ml of black seed aqueous extract. The rats in the black seed & uziza leaf group were treated with 2ml of the combined aqueous extract. Results: The results showed that the extracts had a decreasing effect which was time dependent on the electrolytes. The highest decrease was obtained on the third week of feeding compared to the control (P=.05). The sodium levels (mmol/L) showed for the negative control (198.23 ± 1.96), positive control (108.15 ± 1.60), uziza leaf (98.28 ± 4.17), black seed (101.67 ± 4.24), black seed & uziza (90.83 ± 2.14).  The decrease for potassium levels (mEq/L) showed for the negative control (0.90 ± 0.06), positive control (0.05 ± 0.10), uziza leaf (0.07 ± 0.18), black seed (0.06 ± 0.19), black seed & Uziza (0.05 ± 0.10). Furthermore, the extracts also had a reducing effect on urea and creatinine levels with the highest reduction obtained on the third week (p=0.05).  The urea levels (mmol/L) showed for the negative control (26.84 ± 0.05), positive control (15.15 ± 1.20), uziza leaf (12.83 ± 0.98), black seed (12.16 ± 2.01), black seed & uziza (11.48 ± 1.78). The extracts also decreased creatinine levels (mmol/L) with the negative control (284.58 ± 0.33), positive control (182.73 ± 3.67), uziza leaf (194.16 ± 18.30), black seed (167.34 ± 14.66), black seed & uziza (174.46 ± 10.66).  Conclusion: The extracts significantly decreased the elevated electrolytes levels and therefore uziza leaf and black seed can be used to restore kidney function.

scholarly journals Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Nigella sativa and Ocimum gratissimum on Electrolyte, Urea, Creatinine of Wistar Rat

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Okoye Ngozi Franca ◽  
Benjamin Prince
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
The Third ◽  
Black Seed

Aim: Effects of aqueous extracts of Nigella sativa (black seed) and Ocimum gratissimum (scent leaf) on electrolytes, urea and creatinine of Wistar rats were investigated. Materials and Method: Twenty-five Wistar rats were used for the study, the rats were arranged into five groups with five rats in each of the groups. The rats had access to their normal feed but sucrose and margarine were used to induce hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia respectively on the rats with the exception of the rats in the positive control group. The rats in the negative control were induced using the sucrose and margarine but were not treated using the aqueous extracts. The rats in the scent leaf group were treated with 2 ml of scent leaf aqueous extract, while the rats in the black seed group were treated with 2 ml of black seed aqueous extract. The rats in the black seed and scent leaf group were treated with 2 ml of the combined aqueous extract. Results: The result showed that the extracts decreased the levels of the electrolytes in the rats in a time-dependent manner with the highest decrease obtained on the third week of treatment with the extracts. The sodium levels (mmol/ml) on the third week of treatment showed for the negative control (193.83 ± 2.96), scent leaf (125.80 ± 8.27), black seed (119.60 ± 6.24), black seed and scent leaf (110.93 ± 10.14) (p<0.05).  The decrease for potassium levels (mEql/l) on the third week of treatment, showed for the negative control (0.11 ± 0.05), scent leaf (0.09 ± 0.14), black seed (0.08 ± 0.10), black seed and scent leaf (0.06 ± 0.11). Furthermore, the extracts also had a decreasing effect on the urea and creatinine in a time-dependent manner with the highest decrease obtained on the third week of treatment (p>0.05).  The urea levels (mmol/ml)) showed for the negative control (26.64 ± 0.33), scent leaf (16.73 ± 0.88), black seed (15.86 ± 2.31) and black seed and scent leaf (12.88 ± 1.98). The decrease for creatinine levels (mmol/l) showed for negative control (662.68 ± 18.00), scent leaf (287.10 ± 12.30), black seed (192.44 ± 10.44) and black seed and scent leaf (188.66 ± 10.88. Conclusion: The extracts significantly decreased the elevated electrolytes, urea and creatinine levels and therefore scent leaf and black seed can be used to restore kidney function.

scholarly journals Mutagenicity evaluation of Anastatica hierochuntica L. aqueous extract in vitro and in vivo

2017 ◽  
Vol 243 (4) ◽  
pp. 375-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Rosmani Md Zin ◽  
Zahurin Mohamed ◽  
Mohammed A Alshawsh ◽  
Won F Wong ◽  
Normadiah M Kassim
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
In Vitro Assay ◽  
In Vivo Study ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Mutagenic Potential ◽  
Vitro Assay

Anastatica hierochuntica L. ( A. hierochuntica), a folk medicinal plant, was evaluated for mutagenic potential via in vitro and in vivo assays. The in vitro assay was conducted according to modified Ames test, while the in vivo study was performed according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development guideline for mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus assay. Four groups ( n= 5 males and 5 females per group) Sprague Dawley rats were randomly chosen as the negative control, positive control (received a single intramuscular injection of cyclophosphamide 50 mg/kg), 1000 and, 2000 mg/kg A. hierochuntica aqueous extracts. All groups except the positive control were treated orally for three days. Findings of the in vitro assay showed mutagenic potential of AHAE at 0.04 and 0.2 mg/ml. However, no mutagenic effect was demonstrated in the in vivo study up to 2000 mg/kg. No significant reduction in the polychromatic and normochromatic erythrocytes ratio was noted in any of the groups. Meanwhile, high micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes frequency was seen in cyclophosphamide-treated group only. These findings could perhaps be due to insufficient dosage of A. hierochuntica aqueous extracts to cause genetic damage on the bone marrow target cells. Further acute and chronic in vivo toxicity studies may be required to draw pertinent conclusion on the safety aspect of A. hierochuntica aqueous extracts consumption. Impact statement In this paper, we report on the mutagenicity evaluation of Anastatica hierochuntica aqueous extract. This is a significant research in view of the popularity of this herb consumption by the people across the globe despite of limited scientific evidence on its toxicity potential. This study is intended to encourage more extensive related research in order to provide sufficient evidence and guidance for determining its safe dosage.

scholarly journals Medicinal Plants Used for Malaria Treatment in Gamba Village, North Region of Cameroon: Ethnopharmacological Survey; In Vivo Antimalarial Activity of Aqueous Extracts of Khaya Senegalensis Bark.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davy-Hyacinthe Anguechia Gouissi ◽  
Roselyne Teponging Nzangue ◽  
Josue Haskandi Kalaza ◽  
Willy Pabo ◽  
Siméon Pierre Fodouop Chegaing
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Khaya Senegalensis

Abstract Background: In traditional medicine, the floral diversity permits the inhabitants of North Cameroon to use a great number of plants to fight against Malaria. The aim of this study was to identify plants used in traditional medicine to treat malaria, and to verify the scientific basis for the use of one of these plants in the locality of Gamba.Methods: An Ethnopharmacological survey was carried out on 15 traditional healers. We collected data on use of medicinal plants using questionnaires. Then in-vivo antimalarial activity of the decoctioned and macerated aqueous extracts of khaya senegalensis trunk bark was evaluated. The 4-day suppressive peters test was realised on mus musculus swiss albino mice. On day one, mice were infected with 107 plasmodium berghei parasitized red blood cells through intra-peritoneal inoculation. 2 hours after infestation, mice in batches of 6 were treated orally at a dose of 75, 150.300 mg/Kg for macerated aqueous extract and 65, 120.260 mg/Kg for decoctioned extract daily during 3 days at an administration volume of 10 ml/Kg. An extract was considered (% reduction): Highly active (between 100-90 %); moderate (between 90-50 %); weak (between 50-10 %); Inactive (between 0 %). P-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results: A total of 18 plant species belonging to 12 families were identified for the preparation of 12 recipes. The decocted aqueous extract of khaya senegalensis showed moderate anti-plasmodial activity (% reduction = 52.46%) at the highest dose of 260 mg/kg with p<0.001 compared to the positive control group. The aqueous macerate at doses of 150 and 300mg/kg gave respectively a percentage reduction of parasitaemia of 59.42% and 71.80% and also showed moderate anti-plasmodial activity; with p<0.001 between the different extracts and the positive control (99.18%).Conclusion: In conclusion, extracts of khaya senegalensis showed moderate anti-plasmodial activity. It would therefore be necessary to evaluate the anti-malarial activity in-vivo and the toxicity of the aqueous extracts macerated using other solvents and also test the other plants listed.

scholarly journals Benefits of Nigella sativa Extract Protecting Ovary Due to Cisplatin Chemotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (A) ◽  
pp. 680-687
Author(s):  
Khairani Sukatendel ◽  
M. Fidel Ganis Siregar ◽  
Muharam Natadisastra ◽  
Iqbal Pahlevi Adiputra Nasution ◽  
Syafruddin Ilyas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Chemotherapy Agent ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
In Cis

BACKGROUND: Cisplatin (CIS) is an important chemotherapy agent which is widely used for the treatment of many types of solid tumors, which can cause decreased ovarian function. Nigella sativa has been shown to have an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activity that might protect the ovaries from damage due to CIS. AIM: This study aims to understand the benefits of N. sativa protecting the ovaries due to CIS chemotherapy. METHODS: Thirty-two female Rattus norvegicus aged 8 weeks weighing 160–200 g were divided into four groups: Negative control, Positive control, Treatment-1 (CIS 6 mg/KgBW and NS 500 mg/KgBW/day), and Treatment-2 (CIS 6 mg/KgBW and NS 1000 mg/kgBW/day) for 2 weeks. On the 14th day the rats were sacrificed, blood was drawn from the heart, followed by taking ovaries. RESULTS: There was lower mortality and morbidity in CIS + NS 1000 and CIS + NS 500 mg group (p = 0.01 and 0.001). The mean estradiol levels, follicle-stimulating hormone levels, and anti-mullerian hormone levels were not statistically significant among the four groups. The highest number of primary, secondary, tertiary follicles are seen at the CIS + NS 500 mg and CIS + NS 1000 mg groups (p = 0.05). The lowest number of atretic follicles is seen at the CIS + NS 1000 mg group, and the highest number of atretic follicles was in CIS only. CONCLUSION: There is a trend that N. sativa is beneficial in protecting the ovaries from damage caused by CIS.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PEMBERIAN EFEK JINTEN HITAM (NIGELLA SATIVA) TERHADAP APOPTOSIS TERHADAP SEL EPITEKL BRONKIOLUS DAN APOPTOSIS LIMFOSIT T SALURAN NAFAS BRONCHIOLUS PADA MODEL MENCIT ASTHMA

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Endang Sriwahyuni ◽  
IMAMA KHALIS NUR ARIFAH
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Positive Control Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Black Seed

Abstract   Airway remodelling refers to the structural changes that occur in the airway wall in asthma.  These is  irreversible changes to the airway, with damage of bronchiolus epithelium because the  airway epithelium undergoes apoptosis  as one of its manifestations. Empirically black seed has been known as bronchial asthma therapy for many years ago. The purpose of the research is to test the effect of black seed (Nigella sativa L.) extract to apoptosis of bronchiolus epithelium and apoptosis of T lymphocytes the airway bronchial asthma on asthma mouse model. Female mice were used in the expeimental laboratory research and allergic mouse model was got by given ovalbumin twice within 3 weeks intraperitoneally and 3 times per week within 6 weeks by inhalation. Black seed extract is given in 3 different dose (0,024 cc/day, 0,048 cc/day and 0,096 cc/day) for 9 weeks. Sample was chosen randomly to share it within 5 group containing 6 mice in every group ; negative control group (without any treatment, n=6), positive control group (sensitizied with ovalbumin, n=6), JH1 group (sensitizied with ovalbumin and treating with first dose of black seed extract, n=6), JH2 group (sensitizied with ovalbumin and treating with second dose of black seed extract, n=6), JH3 group (sensitizied with ovalbumin and treating with third dose of black seed extract, n=6). The parametric that is used in this research is the change in the color of the nucleus of bronchiolus epithelium and T lymphocytes the airway bronchial asthma shown the occurrence of browning apoptosis. The result shown a significant increase of apoptosis of bronchiolus epithelium on  positive control group to compare with negative control group. The apoptosis of bronchiolus  epithelium on JH1 shown an increase compare with positive control group. For JH2 and JH3 groups shown a decrease the apoptosis of bronchial epithelium compare with positive control group. And the research indicate that the unsignificant aptosis decrease were happen on  a group with positive control instead of the group with negative control. Meanwhile, on JH1 group, apoptosis decrease were happening more significantly than the positive control group does, the aptosis increases were happen on JH2 and JH3 group, but its not capable to exceeding the positive control group apoptosis amount The conclusions is the black seed (Nigella sativa L.) extract can decrease apoptosis of bronchiolus epthelium on asthma mouse model in the third dose as the best result and the doses of black seed extract that were giving to the experiment mice can not increasing the apoptosis T Lymphocyte, thus requiring further research to figure out the perfect doses to increasing against respiratory tract apoptosis T Lymphocyte.   Keyword: asthma, black seed, the apoptosis of bronchiolus epithelium, apoptosis limfosit T.

scholarly journals GC-MS, FTIR and Antiulcer Screening of Aqueous Seed Extract and Oil of Nigella sativa in Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 48-60
Author(s):  
S.O. Bruce ◽  
O.I. Nwafor ◽  
M.A. Omoirri ◽  
N.M. Adione ◽  
I.P. Onyeka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Octadecadienoic Acid ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Safety Margin ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Antiulcer Activity ◽  
Black Seed ◽  
Oil Extract

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is a sore in the lining of the stomach or duodenal mucosa. This study was aimed at evaluating the antiulcer activity of the aqueous extract of Nigella sativa (black seed) and its constitutents. The pharmacognostic properties of the dry seeds were determined. The seeds were extracted using two methods digestion and hydro-distillation. The acute toxicity, phytochemical constituents and the antiulcer evaluation were performed on ethanol-induced ulcer in wistar rats using a standard method. FTIR and GC-MS analysis of the aqueous seed extract was also determined using standard methods. Nigella sativa seed shows the presence of starch grains, lignified tissues, tannins, cellulose, protein and oil globules. The aqueous extract has a high safety margin. The phytochemical studies revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, glycosides, fats and oil. The black seed aqueous and oil extract at 500 mg/kg significantly reduced the acidity, total acidity, and ulcer index, and pH of gastric content when compared with the positive control (Famotidine). The FTIR analysis identified the presence of the following functional groups chloro, ether, amine, carboxylic acid, nitriles, methylene, alcohol, while the GC-MS identified five compounds such as glycerin, n-Hexadecanoic acid, 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid-methyl ester, 9, 12-octadecadienoic acid and 9, 12-octadecadienoyl chloride. The pharmacognostic properties can act as a reliable tool for the standardization of the plant part. This study suggests that aqueous and oil extract possess antiulcer properties. Thus the aqueous and oil extract of black seed can be considered as antiulcer medication traditionally. Keywords: Nigella sativa, Black seed, Pharmacognostic, Phytochemical, Acute toxicity (LD50), Antiulcer.

scholarly journals Study the effect of aqueous extracts of Pimpinella anisum , Foeniculum vulgara and agroup of different medical herbs on growth of bacteria ( Staphylococcus aureus) isolated from Sputum of bronchiolitis patients .

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64
Author(s):  
Ibtihal E . AI – Ani ◽  
Sabah A . R . AI – Obaidi ◽  
Amna N . Jasim
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Inhibitory Ability ◽  
Pimpinella Anisum ◽  
Growth Of Bacteria

This study was conducted to determine the inhibitory dose of the hot and cold aqueous extracts of Pimpinella anisum (PA) , Foeniculum vulgara (FV) , and agroup of different medical herbs on growth of bacteria , Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the sputum of bronchiolitis patients . Minimum Inhibitory concentration (MIC) method was used to test the sensitivity of the bacteria toward the above extract . The hot aqueous extract of (PA)in concentration of 23.8 and 28mg/ ml gave a strong inhibitory ability on the growth of the bacteria at MIC 0.01 mg/ ml compared with the highest concentration of 47.6 mg/ml which did not inhibit the bacterial growth at MIC 0.02 mg/ml . The cold aqueous extract of PA at 125 mg /ml concentration also did not inhibit the bacterial growth up to MIC 0.12 mg / ml . This study also revealed that a concentration of 17.12 mg / ml of hot aqueous extract of FV seeds had no inhibitory effect on growth up to MIC 0.008 mg / ml . The combined hot aqueous extract of PA and FV seeds in a ratio of 1gm to 0.5 gm respectively an 1gm to 1 gm (24and 40.32mg / ml respectively ) also did not have any inhibitory effect of bacterial growth up to MIC 0.002 and 0.004 mg / ml, respectively . The results of this experiment also revealed that hot aqueous extract of similar quantities and concentrations ( 17.28 and 31.74 mg /ml ) of a mixture of several medical herbs like ( PA , FV , Anthemis nobilis , Thymus bovei ,Gum Arabic, Nigella sativa , Althaea , and Cydonia vulgaris ) did not show any inhibitory action on bacterial growth up to MIC of 0.004 and 0.007 mg / ml . It could be concluded that the inhibitory ability of the hot aqueous extract of PA seeds is the best compared to the other extracts used . The inhibition of bacterial growth may need a carefully selected medical herbs in different concentrations and combination .

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document