Molecular Identification of Mycobacterium bovis from Post-mortem Inspected Cattle at the Abattoir and Slaughter Houses in Bauchi State, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 1220-1229 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Sa’idu ◽  
E. Okolocha ◽  
A. Dzikwi ◽  
J. Kwaga ◽  
A. Usman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Post Mortem

scholarly journals Novel molecular transport medium used in combination with Xpert MTB/RIF ultra provides rapid detection of Mycobacterium bovis in African buffaloes

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlene Clarke ◽  
Katrin Smith ◽  
Samantha J. Goldswain ◽  
Christopher Helm ◽  
David V. Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Molecular Transport ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Transport Medium ◽  
Tissue Homogenates

AbstractMycobacterium bovis is the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in wildlife. Confirmation of M. bovis infection relies on mycobacterial culture, which is time-consuming. Collection and transportation of infectious material also pose a human health risk. PrimeStore Molecular Transport Medium (MTM) has been shown to effectively inactivate infectious organisms, making it a safe method for handling infectious samples. This study investigated an in-field sampling technique for rapid, safe detection of M. bovis in buffalo tissues. Potentially infected tissues from bTB test-positive buffaloes were swabbed at post-mortem examination and stored in PrimeStore MTM at ambient temperature until Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra testing was performed. Additionally, tissue samples were frozen and transported before homogenisation for culture and Ultra testing. Oral swabs were collected from M. bovis-unexposed buffaloes as a negative control cohort. Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) DNA was detected by Ultra in 13/16 tissue swabs and 9/16 matched tissue homogenates from culture-confirmed M. bovis-positive buffalo tissues. MTBC DNA was not detected in swabs from M. bovis-unexposed animals, showing the potentially high specificity of Ultra with PrimeStore swabs. PrimeStore MTM sample processing, in combination with the Ultra assay, has the potential to provide a safe, rapid post-mortem screening test for M. bovis in buffaloes.

scholarly journals Puparia Cleaning Techniques for Forensic and Archaeo-Funerary Studies

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Jennifer Pradelli ◽  
Fabiola Tuccia ◽  
Giorgia Giordani ◽  
Stefano Vanin
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Wrong Identification ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Diptera puparia may represent both in forensic and archaeo-funerary contexts the majority of the entomological evidence useful to reconstruct the peri and post-mortem events. Puparia identification is quite difficult due to the lack of identification keys and descriptions. In addition, external substances accumulated during the puparia permanence in the environment make the visualization of the few diagnostic characters difficult, resulting in a wrong identification. Six different techniques based on physical and chemical treatments have been tested for the removal of external substances from puparia to make identification at species level feasible. Furthermore, the effects of these methods on successful molecular analyses have also been tested as molecular identification is becoming an important tool to complement morphological identifications. The results of this study indicate that cleaning via warm water/soap, the sonication and treatment with a sodium hydroxide solution are the best methods to achieve a good quality of the samples.

scholarly journals Improvement of bovine tuberculosis diagnosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 261-265
Author(s):  
M. O. Baratov
Keyword(s):  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Intradermal Test ◽  
Mycobacterium Fortuitum ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Post Mortem Examination ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Specific Reactions

Detection of animals with non-specific reactions to tuberculin is one of the major problems in bovine tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis. There is a need to find and improve methods for detection of the sensitization causes. This paper presents the results of comparative studies of different ways to stabilize red blood cells in order to obtain diagnosticums for indirect hemagglutination (IHA) test. The article describes the stages of red blood cells stabilization and sensitization and demonstrates the diagnostic significance of Fili stabilization method using formaldehyde as a fixative. The highest antibody titers (1:3000 and 1:4000) were received in hyperimmune sera of rabbits immunized with Mycobacterium bovis using a homologous diagnosticum. Practical importance of the sensitins homologous to the infection is shown during testing of 1,911 serum samples collected from animals of different categories (diseased; healthy and reacting to tuberculin; healthy and not reacting to tuberculin) with IHA test using diagnosticums produced from Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium fortuitum. Based on the positive results of the IHA test, TB was diagnosed in 87.5% of animals originating from an infected farm during post-mortem examination. The results of the IHA test agreed with those of the intradermal tuberculin test in 37.7% of cases. Diagnostic antibody titers were found in 206 TB infected animals with no reaction to the intradermal test. However, the post-mortem examination revealed TB changes in internal organs. The obtained data suggest a possibility to use the IHA test to detect TB infected animals with non-specific reactions to tuberculin.

scholarly journals Bovine tuberculosis in one cattle herd in Ibadan in Nigeria

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 406-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. I B Cadmus ◽  
N. N Atsanda ◽  
S. O Oni ◽  
E. E U Akang
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Molecular Typing ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
Cattle Herd ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Cultural Isolation ◽  
Male Animal

Bovine tuberculosis was investigated in one private herd with 171 cattle after five cases were suspected to be tuberculous following post mortem examination. Using the intradermal comparative cervical tuberculin test 18 (10.5%) animals (ages from 2 to 12 years) were positive: 11 animals of N’dama breed and seven animals of White Fulani (i.e. Bunaji) breed; 17 female and one male animal. In all 11 randomly selected positive reactors, a spectrum of tuberculous lesions affecting the lungs, spleen, heart, liver, and the lymph nodes were observed. All the smear samples obtained were positive for acid-fast bacilli; cultural isolation confirmed the growth of mycobacteria on pyruvate-enriched Loewenstein-Jensen medium, which were identified by molecular typing to be Mycobacterium bovis. This study demonstrates widespread infection in this cattle herd and potential risk of infection for the human population with M. bovis.

scholarly journals Uso de métodos complementares na inspeção post mortem de carcaças com suspeita de tuberculose bovina

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 1138-1144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leone V. Furlanetto ◽  
Eduardo E.S. Figueiredo ◽  
Carlos A. Conte Júnior ◽  
Ricardo C.T. Carvalho ◽  
Flavia G.S. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Mato Grosso

O objetivo foi utilizar métodos complementares de diagnóstico (histopatológicos, bacteriológicos e moleculares), no julgamento de lesões suspeitas de tuberculose observadas durante a inspeção post mortem de rotina em abatedouros. Foi acompanhado o abate e a inspeção de 41.193 bovinos, sadios ao exame ante mortem, em sete abatedouros no estado de Mato Grosso. Carcaças de 198 (0,48%) animais apresentaram lesões, sendo 182 (92,0%) classificadas como granulomatosas ou piogranulomatosas na avaliação histopatológica. Entretanto, na baciloscopia, não foi evidenciada a presença de bacilo álcool-ácido resistente (BAAR). Mycobacterium bovis foi isolado em três (1,5%) lesões, provenientes de linfonodos retrofaringeanos de bovinos com até três anos de idade. Quando usado a PCR múltipla (m-PCR) diretamente nos fragmentos de tecido, detectou-se a presença de DNA de M. bovis em 14 (7,0%) lesões, incluindo as três amostras identificadas na análise bacteriológica. O julgamento das lesões pelo exame macroscópico concordou em 93,0% (184/198) com os resultados obtidos por meio da PCR. A fim de evitar equívocos durante a avaliação, principalmente das lesões paucibacilares, como as encontradas neste estudo, recomenda-se a utilização de testes complementares rápidos e confirmatórios. A m-PCR, associada à inspeção post mortem de rotina, demonstrou ser uma técnica promissora para a vigilância da tuberculose bovina em abatedouros, contribuindo para o sucesso do programa de erradicação da tuberculose bovina.

scholarly journals Análise de custo-efetividade de protocolos no diagnóstico da tuberculose bovina em um rebanho naturalmente infectado

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 485-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana S. Medeiros ◽  
Yuri K. Carvalho ◽  
Raimundo Cláudio G. Maciel ◽  
Walter Lilenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Post Mortem

Resumo: Em diversos países, a tuberculose bovina, causada por Mycobacterium bovis, é tanto um problema econômico quanto de saúde pública. Mundialmente, são implementados programas de erradicação da enfermidade com políticas baseadas em testes tuberculínicos e abate dos animais reativos, porém pouco se sabe sobre os custos e a efetividade das políticas de erradicação. O presente estudo avaliou a relação de custo-efetividade dos protocolos de diagnóstico da tuberculose bovina, em uma abordagem multidisciplinar, empregados em um rebanho naturalmente infectado. Após realização da análise de custo-efetividade (C/Ef) dos protocolos diagnósticos ante-mortem observou-se que o Teste Cervical Comparativo (C/Ef=4,68), quando utilizado isoladamente, é a escolha diagnóstica mais custo-efetiva para um rebanho naturalmente infectado. Para os protocolos confirmatórios de diagnóstico post-mortem a histopatologia (C/Ef=17,47) associada ao Teste Cervical Simples e Teste Cervical Comparativo foi a escolha mais custo-efetiva para os animais do rebanho estudado. Entretanto, o único protocolo eficaz em diagnosticar 100% dos animais infectados foi o uso em conjunto do teste humoral ELISA associado ao teste celular IFN.

scholarly journals Performance of serological antibody tests for bovine tuberculosis in cattle from infected herds in Northern Ireland

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. McCallan ◽  
C. Brooks ◽  
C. Couzens ◽  
F. Young ◽  
A.W. Byrne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Skin Test ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Skin Testing ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Study Cohort ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Serological Tests

AbstractThe ability to accurately identify infected hosts is the cornerstone of effective disease control and eradication programs. In the case of bovine tuberculosis, caused by infection with the pathogenMycobacterium bovis, accurately identifying infected individual animals has been challenging as all available tests exhibit less than 100% discriminatory ability. Here we assess the utility of three serological tests and assess their performance relative to skin test (Single Intradermal Comparative Cervical Tuberculin; SICCT), gamma-interferon (IFNγ) and post-mortem results in a Northern Ireland setting. Furthermore, we describe a case-study where one test was used in conjunction with statutory testing.Serological tests using samples taken prior to SICCT disclosed low proportions of animals as test positive (mean 3% positive), despite the cohort having high proportions with positive SICCT test under standard interpretation (121/921; 13%) or IFNγ (365/922; 40%) results. Furthermore, for animals with a post-mortem record (n=286), there was a high proportion with TB visible lesions (27%) or with laboratory confirmed infection (25%). As a result, apparent sensitivities within this cohort was very low (≤15%), however the tests succeeded in achieving very high specificities (96-100%). During the case-study, 7/670 (1.04%) samples from SICCT negative animals from a large chronically infected herd were serology positive, with a further 10 animals being borderline positive (17/670; 2.54%). 9/17 of these animals were voluntarily removed, none of which were found to be infected (-lesions/-bacteriology) post-mortem; 1 serology test negative animal was subsequently lesion+ andM bovisconfirmed at slaughter.ImportanceEradication of bovine tuberculosis (bTB; caused byMycobacterium bovis) has remained elusive in a number of countries despite long-term coordinated test and cull programs. This can partially be explained by the limitations of available statutory tests; therefore supplementary test platforms that identify additional infected animals would be of significant utility. Overall, during our study three serological tests did not disclose a high proportion of animals as infected in high-risk cattle herds, and exhibited limited ability to disclose animals that were positive to the statutory skin test, the gamma interferon test (IFNγ), or were post-mortem confirmed withM. bovis. These serological tests could be used in a supplementary fashion to the statutory tests in particular circumstances; but may be of limited advantage where parallel use of IFNγ and skin testing is performed, as these tests together tended to disclose the majority of animals with post-mortem evidence of infection in our study cohort.

Mycobacterium bovis in humans and M. tuberculosis in animals in Nigeria: an overview from 1975–2014

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1162-1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Cadmus ◽  
V. Oluwatoyin Akinseye ◽  
D. van Soolingen
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Zoonotic Transmission ◽  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Representative Sampling ◽  
Tb Control ◽  
The World

Zoonotic transmission of mycobacteria between humans and other animal species is an important aspect of the epidemiology of tuberculosis (TB) in regions of the world where the burden of the disease in humans and other animals is high. This is particularly important in areas in which sociocultural factors increase the possibility for interspecies transmission of different mycobacteria. Carrying out a review of the published literature involving laboratory-confirmed TB cases (by culture) and/or biochemical and molecular identification, we described the presence of Mycobacterium bovis and M. tuberculosis infections in humans and animals from 1975 to 2014. Overall, 1693 isolates of M. tuberculosis complex and other mycobacteria were identified and reported, of which 1131 represented M. tuberculosis, 286 represented M. bovis, 71 represented M. africanum, and 205 represented other mycobacteria. Importantly, 1.3% (15/1131) of the M. tuberculosis isolates reported were identified in cattle, while 8.0% (23/286) of the M. bovis isolates reported were isolated from humans. We suggest that representative sampling of TB cases in both hosts, studied by molecular identification tools, will help significantly in deciphering ongoing transmission between animals and humans in both directions and will enhance TB control in Nigeria.

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