scholarly journals Morphological and Physiological Diversity of Native Fluorescent Pseudomonads from Eastern India

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Annu Kumari Gupta ◽  
Erayya . ◽  
N. Vijay ◽  
A. Srinivasaraghavan
Keyword(s):  
Culture Medium ◽  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Fluorescent Pseudomonads ◽  
Fluorescent Pseudomonad ◽  
Bacterial Inoculants ◽  
Fungistatic Activity ◽  
Physiological Diversity ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Potential Negative Effect ◽  
The Cost

The potential negative effect of agrochemicals on the global environment and the cost associated with production lead to research for replacing the chemical fertilizers with bacterial inoculants. Pseudomonas fluorescens an important biocontrol agent because of its ability to induce plant growth and fungicidal/fungistatic activity. The native population of these rhizobacteria plays an important role in sustainable agriculture as they majorly dominate the rhizosphere. In the present study native, twenty-six fluorescent Pseudomonad cultures were isolated from the rhizospheric soil samples collected from the different locations of Zone 3A, Bihar and evaluated for their morphological and physiological diversity. Among the sixteen fluorescent pseudomonads tested, twelve of them produced round to oval colonies on Kings B medium. Of the sixteen isolates ascertained WHSB was produced maximum (51.33 x10‑8) number of colonies on Kings B medium followed by MSSB (28.33 X10‑8), BRKH (26.67 x10‑8) and TMSB (26.00 x10‑8). Fluorescent pseudomonad isolates varied slightly in their colony colour like green, dull-white, whitish-yellow and yellow on culture medium, the pH of 7.5 and glucose as a carbon source found best for the growth of fluorescent pseudomonads. The present work may use to develop effective formulations of potential fluorescent pseudomonads for management of soil-borne plant pathogens. 

Effect of Homeopathic Preparations on Lettuce, Parasitized or Not by Meloidogyne enterolobii

Homeopathy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Moraes Ferreira ◽  
Mariana Zandomênico Mangeiro ◽  
Alexandre Macedo Almeida ◽  
Ricardo Moreira Souza
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Nematode Control ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Meloidogyne Enterolobii ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Meloidogyne Spp ◽  
Constant Dose ◽  
Lettuce Growth ◽  
Complementary Strategy

Abstract Background There are relatively few scientific works on the use of homeopathy to manage plant pathogens, particularly nematodes. A handful of studies focused on Meloidogyne spp. parasitizing vegetables have brought contradictory results on nematode control and enhancement of plant tolerance to parasitism. Objective Our goal was to assess the effect of Cina—a well-known anti-nematode ingredient—on Meloidogyne enterolobii parasitizing lettuce. Methods Cina was applied daily on nematode-inoculated plants, from the seedling stage until harvest. We tested an evenly spaced range of Hahnemannian concentrations (c), which were applied though irrigation with a constant dose of the ingredient. Several absolute and relative controls were employed to allow the assessment of the effect of Cina on nematode reproduction and lettuce growth. Results Cina affected growth of non-parasitized plants, both positively and negatively; this effect was modulated by the c applied and the thermal stress suffered by the plants in one of the assays. The effect of Cina on the growth of nematode-parasitized plants was neutral or negative. Cina reduced nematode reproduction by 25–36%. Conclusion Based on the moderate negative effect of Cina on M. enterolobii reproduction, it seems this ingredient may be useful as a complementary strategy for Meloidogyne control. But Cina did not enhance the tolerance of lettuce to Meloidogyne spp.

Digital Pollution and Its Impact on the Family and Social Interactions

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2098555
Author(s):  
Shiv Ratan Agrawal
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Critical Dimensions ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
The Family ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Potential Negative Effect ◽  
Human Attitude ◽  
Impact On Family ◽  
And Behavior

The present study was an attempt to identify the most prevailing means of digital devices and its impact as digital pollution on family and social interactions. Despite the obvious benefits of digital devices, in recent years researchers have taken more concern about its potential negative effect on human attitude and behavior, which in turn affects our society. A total of 613 usable responses were collected from Bangalore, India of excessive users of digital devices, such as a smartphone, computer/laptop, and television. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 23.0, AMOS 23.0, and SmartPLS 3.0. The results indicated that as the use of smartphone and computer/laptop increases, levels of digital pollution also increase, which in turn significantly triggers unfavorable impact on family and social interactions. The study indicated that digital pollution appears as an important predictor, which significantly affects social interaction unfavorably. The present study explored the various critical dimensions within this domain and delineated gaps in our knowledge of digital pollution. It was found that smartphones are more responsible for digital pollution among all the identified digital devices, followed by computer/laptop.

scholarly journals Effect of Honey and Syrup Diets Enriched with 1,3-1,6 β-Glucans on Honeybee Survival Rate and Phenoloxidase Activity (Apis mellifera L. 1758)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Simona Sagona ◽  
Baldassare Fronte ◽  
Francesca Coppola ◽  
Elena Tafi ◽  
Matteo Giusti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phenoloxidase Activity ◽  
Immune Modulators ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Potential Negative Effect ◽  
Combined Action

β-glucans can activate the animal innate immune system by acting as immune-modulators and inducing various stimulatory effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of 1,3-1,6 β-glucans administered orally for 96 h on Apis mellifera workers (newly emerged and nurse bees). β-glucans were included in honey and syrup. Survival rate and phenoloxidase activity were measured. In both newly emerged and nurse bees, β-glucans supplementation did not affect survival rate (p > 0.05). Conversely, phenoloxidase activity was higher in both newly emerged bees (p = 0.048) and nurse bees (p = 0.014) fed with a honey diet enriched with β-glucans compared to those fed with only honey. In both the newly emerged and nurse bees, no statistical differences in phenoloxidase activity were recorded between the group fed with a syrup-based diet enriched with β-glucans and the control group (p > 0.05). The absence of significant variation in survival suggests that the potential negative effect of β-glucans in healthy bees could be mitigated by their metabolism. Conversely, the inclusion of β-glucans in a honey-based diet determined an increase of phenoloxidase activity, suggesting that the effect of β-glucan inclusion in the diet of healthy bees on phenoloxidase activity could be linked to the type of base-diet. Further investigations on β-glucans metabolism in bees, on molecular mechanism of phenoloxidase activation by 1,3-1,6 β-glucans, and relative thresholds are desirable. Moreover, investigation on the combined action of honey and β-glucans on phenoloxidase activity are needed.

scholarly journals Selection of Trichoderma spp. strains for the control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybean

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (12) ◽  
pp. 1140-1148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Elias Haddad ◽  
Luis Garrigós Leite ◽  
Cleusa Maria Mantovanello Lucon ◽  
Ricardo Harakava
Keyword(s):  
Sclerotinia Sclerotiorum ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Soybean Seeds ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate, in vitro and in vivo, the potential of Trichoderma spp. strains to control Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybeans (Glycine max) and to perform the molecular identification of the best perfoming strains. The effect of 120 strains of Trichoderma spp. on the viability of S. sclerotiorum sclerotia was evaluated in vitro through immersion in suspension of conidia from the antagonists and plating in culture medium. The best performing strains were evaluated in vivo, in a greenhouse, for control of the pathogen inoculated on 'Pintado' soybean seeds and plants. Of the 120 strains tested in vitro, 22 strains of Trichoderma spp. caused 100% inhibition of sclerotia germination. In the greenhouse, five strains inhibited the negative effect of the pathogen on seed germination and two strains increased in up to 67% plant dry matter. The best performing strains were identified as T. koningiopsis (3 strains), T. asperelloides (3), T. atroviride (2), and T. virens (1). Trichoderma strains are able to protect soybean plants from the harmful effect of S. sclerotiorum and, at the same time, they can promote the growth of the aerial part in greenhouse conditions.

Indirect Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Silver Doped Bioglass Ag-S70C30 on Human Primary Keratinocytes

2005 ◽  
Vol 284-286 ◽  
pp. 431-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Lohbauer ◽  
G. Jell ◽  
Priya Saravanapavan ◽  
Julian R. Jones ◽  
Larry L. Hench
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Glass Powder ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Neutral Red ◽  
Epidermal Keratinocytes ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Human Epidermal Keratinocytes ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Healing Agent ◽  
Gel Glasses

Bioactive gel-glasses, such as the silver-doped Ag-S70C30 glass, can be used to modify the inflammatory response in a local body compartment such as in acne lesions and in nonhealing dermal wounds. In this study, the cytotoxicity of soluble silver, calcium and silica ions on human epidermal keratinocytes was investigated by measurements of mitochondrial activity (MTT assay) and neutral red dye uptake (NR assay). Ag-S70C30 extracts were prepared by soaking glass powder in complete culture medium at concentrations of 1 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml (mg of glass powder per ml of culture medium). Silver concentrations for both concentrations of approximately 1 ppm were detected by inductive coupled plasma analysis (ICP). No negative effect on the cell viability was measured for an initial gel-glass concentration of 1 mg/ml and for the two shortest extraction times at a concentration of 2 mg/ml. Based on the results from MTT/ NR assays, a pH rise of approximately one unit had no negative effect on the NHEK-A cell viability. This preliminary study on keratinocyte viability merits future investigations on silver bioglass as a novel antimicrobial wound healing agent.

scholarly journals The role of exochitinase type A1 in the fungistatic activity of the rhizosphere bacterium Paenibacillus sp. M4

2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 451-459
Author(s):  
Urszula Jankiewicz ◽  
Maria Swiontek-Brzezinska
Keyword(s):  
Plant Pathogens ◽  
Chitinase Activity ◽  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Synergistic Action ◽  
Chitinolytic Activity ◽  
Fungistatic Activity ◽  
Rhizosphere Bacterium ◽  
Paenibacillus Sp ◽  
Growth Inhibiting

The aim of the study was to detect the activity and characterize potentially fungistatic chitinases synthesized by rhizosphere bacteria identified as Paenibacillus sp. M4. Maximum chitinolytic activity was achieved on the fifth day of culturing bacteria in a growth medium with 1% colloidal chitin. Analysis of a zymogram uncovered the presence of four activity bands in the crude bacterial extract. The used three-stage protein purification procedure resulted in a single band of chitinase activity on the zymogram. The purified enzyme exhibited maximum activity at pH 6.5 and temperature 45oC, and thermal stability at 40oC for 4 h. In terms of substrate specificity, it is an exochitinase (chitobiose). The amino acid sequence obtained after mass spectrometry showed similarity to chitinase A1 synthesized by Bacillus circulans. The M4 isolate demonstrated the highest growth inhibiting activity against plant pathogens belonging to the genera Fusarium, Rhizoctonia and Alternaria. Fungistatic activity, although to a somewhat lesser degree, was also demonstrated by purified chitinase. The obtained results confirm the participation of the studied exochitinase in antagonism towards pathogenic molds. However, the lower fungistatic effectiveness of the chitinases points to the synergistic action of different metabolites in biocontrol by these bacteria.

The Effect of Profitability and Financial Leverage on Cost of Debt Moderated Earnings Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Herman Ruslim, Renny Muspyta
Keyword(s):  
Earnings Management ◽  
Cost Of Debt ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Financial Leverage ◽  
Publicly Traded ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
Publicly Traded Companies ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Cost

This study aims to determine the effect of profitability and Financial Leverage on the Cost of Debt, and the role of Earnings Management as a moderating variable. In this study, profitability is measured by the ratio of return on equity, financial leverage is measured by the proxy debt ratio, earnings management as measured by discretionary accruals, and cost of debt is measured by the ratio of interest expense divided by the average total debt. The population in this study are publicly traded companies listed on the IDX, and the sample used is manufacturing companies listed on the IDX for the 2016-2019 period. Based on the purposive sampling method, the samples obtained were 69 manufacturing companies and 276 observations. The results showed that profitability has a negative effect on the cost of debt, while financial leverage has no effect on the cost of debt, earnings management cannot weaken the negative effect of profitability on the cost of debt and earnings management cannot weaken the negative effect of financial leverage on the cost of debt.

The Legal and Regulatory Status of Biosimilars

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordan Paradise
Keyword(s):  
Price Competition ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Patient Protection ◽  
Regulatory Status ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Potential Negative Effect

Alongside the constitutional controversy ultimately addressed by the Supreme Court, the colossal Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) ushered in a new paradigm for regulation of biologics by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Nestled within the expansive ACA, the Biologics Price Competition and Innovation Act (BPCIA) set forth an abbreviated pathway to market for “biosimilar” and “interchangeable” biological products. While the current BPCIA implementation debate focuses chiefly on the scope of scientific and technical assessments by the FDA and the effect on the emergent biosimilar industry, two issues will prove essential for determinations of access to and costs of the resulting products: how the biosimilar and interchangeable biosimilar biologics are to be named, and whether pharmacist substitution is appropriate for products the FDA deems interchangeable. This article examines the current debate surrounding the use of nonproprietary names for biosimilar biologics, as well as state efforts to reconcile automatic substitution laws for the eventual products. In particular, the article addresses the implications for patients and the United States health care system, highlighting the potential negative effect on anticipated cost-savings, hindrances for effective tracking and reporting of adverse events, and a general lack of consistency in state laws.

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