scholarly journals Enhancing Demulsification of Water-in-oil Emulsion by Eliminating Trace Value of Percentage Residual Water

2020 ◽  
pp. 64-76
Author(s):  
Jude D. Inyang ◽  
Julius U. Akpabio ◽  
Benjamin R. Etuk
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Bath Temperature ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Stability Measurement ◽  
Demulsification Process ◽  
Niger Delta Basin

The elimination of residual free water and Basic Sediments (BS&W) after field demulsification process and characterization is being investigated with a diluent, to enhance field treatment for quality assurance and crude oil custody transfer. The American Standard for Testing Materials (ASTM) D 4007 is used as separation technique for three field emulsion samples from two Niger Delta basin oil facilities. After an initial bottle test, free water content in crude oil samples on arrival were 0.65%, 0.70% and 0.55% for samples A, B and C respectively. Tests and analysis were carried out at room temperature of 28°C and a water-bath temperature at 60°C. Maximum water separation efficiency of 91% was achieved at diluent and emulsion concentration ratio of 1:9 in first 60 minutes to 720 minutes. BS&W reduced from an average of 0.6% to 0.25%. Emulsion separation index (ESI) provided emulsion stability measurement of respective samples with a contrast between static-laboratory and field-dynamic conditions. From the study, sample B has API of 39 and ESI=40 while recording greater separation than in A and C crude oil samples. Hence, separation efficiency increased with the amount of xylene added and free water percentages reduced in top dry oil with significant changes in BS&W.

scholarly journals Demulsification of crude oil emulsion via electrocoagulation method

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
Firdos. M. Abdulla ◽  
N.H. Abdurahman
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Stability Performance ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
Production Losses

During oil production and processing emulsions were formed and seriously cause problem, both in terms of chemicals used and production losses. The traditional methods of breaking crude oil emulsions are disadvantageous from both economic and environmental perspectives. In this paper, the potentials of electrocoagulation technology in demulsification of crude oil emulsion were investigated. The crude oil obtained from Petronas Ponapean Melaka, Malaysia. For stability performance test, Span 80 was used as emulsifier, while for chemical demulsification performance test,Hexylamine was used. The electrocoagulation method was used for demulsification of W/O emulsion. For electrocoagulation demulsification, three factors namely; voltages 15-50 V, current density 1.04-3.94 mAcm-2, and concentration of NaCl 0.5-2.5 g/L. The electrocoagulation demulsification showed that the best water separation efficiency was achieved at voltage 50 V, current density 3.94 mAcm-2, and NaCl concentration 2.5 g/L, whereas the separation efficiency reached at 98%. Results have shown the potential of electrocoagulation method in separation of water-in-crude oil emulsions, W/O.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a naturally derived waste brown oil extract for demulsification of crude oil emulsion

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 905-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel E Okoro ◽  
Chinedu G Nnaji ◽  
Samuel E Sanni ◽  
Eze F Ahuekwe ◽  
Kevin C Igwilo
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Separation Time

Conventional methods of eliminating water from crude oil such as the chemical injection have both economic and environmental impacts; thus, this study proposed an economic and environmentally friendly demulsifier. The bottle test method was used to study the performance of the natural extract and commercial demulsifier on a crude oil sample. The GC-MS profile of the extract was in agreement with previous reports on composition of oil extracted from rice bran using hexane, ultrasound assisted extraction and conventional solvent extraction with ethanol. Varying degrees of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids as well as retention times as observed, was a function of total time of scanning, according to NIST08 library of mass spectra. The performance of the demulsifier was expressed in terms of percentage of water separated from 100 ml samples of the oil samples. For both the demulsifiers, the performance increased with increase in volume of the demulsifier, separation time and operating temperature. The extracted demulsifier performed better than the chemical demulsifier under all the experimental conditions adopted in this study. Based on the parametric evaluation, it was observed the results from software corroborated the results obtained from experiments in terms of the observations of the combined effect of temperature and volume which showed the most significant influence on demulsification of the emulsified crude. The highest efficiency of the bio-demulsifier was obtained with a volume of 5 mL of the extract, at a temperature of 70°C and separation time of 60 min. A water separation efficiency of 85.6% was obtained as compared to the chemical demulsifier, which gave an efficiency of 80.2%.

scholarly journals DESTABILIZATION OF CRUDE OIL EMULSION VIA ELECTROCOAGULATION METHOD

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
Firdos. M. Abdulla ◽  
Nour Hamid Abdurahman
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Stability Performance ◽  
Nacl Concentration ◽  
Oil Emulsions

Formation of emulsions during oil production and processing is a costly problem, both in terms of chemicals used and production losses. Conventional ways of breaking crude oil emulsion are disadvantageous from both economic and environmental perspectives. In this paper, the potentials of electrocoagulation technology in destabilization of crude oil emulsion were investigated. The crude oil was obtained from Petronas Refinery Melaka, Malaysia. For stability performance test, Span 80 was used as emulsifier, while for chemical destabilization performance test, Hexylamine was used. The electrocoagulation method was used for destabilization of W/O emulsion. For electrocoagulation destabilization, three factors namely; voltages 15-50 V, current density 1.04-3.94 mAcm- 2, and NaCl concentration 0.5-2.5 g/L. The electrocoagulation destabilization showed that the best water separation efficiency was achieved at voltage 50 V, current density 3.94 mAcm-2, and NaCl concentration 2.5 g/L, whereas the separation efficiency reached at 98%. In addition, electrocoagulation of W/O emulsion separation is advantageous as it was simple to be operated, low cost and more identical, and then successfully applied on destabilization of W/O crude oil emulsions on the industry.

Improvements in the Dehydration Process of Heavy Crude Oil, Using CFD: Case Study Campo Quifa-Colombia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Asuaje Tovar ◽  
Nelson Benítez ◽  
Dario Quintero ◽  
Myriam R. Gaviria ◽  
Eduardo Díaz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Homogeneous Model ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Separation Process ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Computational Calculations ◽  
Oil Water Separation ◽  
Oil Water

Quifa is one of the largest heavy-oil fields in Colombia with a total fluids production of 1,320 KBPD with a water cut of 96.7% through 272 active wells, approximatively. Facilities to handle such amounts of water, have to deliver crude oil under market specifications and clean up the water prior to its reinjection, require several stages of oil-water separation. The first phase in oil water separation process is Free Water Knock Out vessels (FWKO), which are in charge of extracting to extract most of the water, frequently assisted by heat or chemical products which help gravity to perform the separation. The treated water (which contain still some oil) is then directed to the following stage separation carried out by the big tanks called skimmers, which are designed to clean the water down to a few ppm of oil. Nowadays, even though the advance on computational calculations has increased, these tanks are frequently designed using only the concept of time of residence and considering the internal velocities to be as low as possible, so that improve separation. For these last considerations, FWKOs and Skimmers could have internal components like manifold or baffles. The present work explains a CFD (Computational Fluids Dynamics) study of different internal manifolds configurations, which aimed to improve the fluid distributions and velocities inside the tanks of Quifa field. Simulations were performed by CFX commercial software under two-phase flow eulerian-eulerian homogeneous model. The optimum manifold configuration, achieves uniform static pressure and flow distribution across the entire main pipe, reducing secondary internal flows and hydraulic losses. Then, CFD calculations were carried out in the whole skimmer tank, using the original manifold and the improved one. Results show an increase in the separation process, due to the new internal velocity field. Supported by the simulations results, these geometrical improvements in the internal manifolds were applied/constructed in one of the skimmer tanks in Quifa Field. Field results show an improvement on separation efficiency, going from 38% average efficiency in the original tanks (Skim-10 and Skim-30), up to 87% in the modified one (Skim-30). The quality of exit-water was reduced from 300 ppm average up to 77 ppm. The flow capacity of the skimmer 30 has been improved and can handle up to 600 KBFPD. This represents 62% more capacity than Skimmer 10, and 42% more than Skimmer 20.

Breaking water-in-oil emulsion of Northern Iraq’s crude oil using commercial polymers and surfactants

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer Yasin Thayee Al-Janabi ◽  
Miran Sabah Ibrahim ◽  
Ibrahim F Waheed ◽  
Amanj Wahab Sayda ◽  
Peter Spearman
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Water Droplets ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Interfacial Film ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Commercial Polymers ◽  
Water In Oil Emulsion ◽  
Refining Processes

Water (W) and oil (O) normally mix during production and while passing through valves and pumps to form a persistent water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion, which is a serious restriction in oil production and transporting and refining processes. The objective of this work is to treat emulsions of two crude oil samples labeled KD1 and DGH2 using commercial polymers and surfactants which are also known as demulsifiers. Hydrophile–lipophile balance (HLB) in the demulsifier structure has demonstrated a great effect on breaking W/O emulsion. Emulsion breakers with low HLB value showed better reduction in the dynamic IFT, high diffusivity at the W/O interface, and accelerated coalescence of water droplets. Concomitantly, high emulsion temperatures were found to reduce the interfacial film viscosity and accelerate water droplets coalescence. A maximum water separation efficiency (WSE) of 97% was achieved in the case of KD1 and 88% for DGH2, and using a (1:1) polymer blend demulsifier further increased WSE to 99% after 100 min.

Demulsification of a Water-in-crude Oil Emulsion with a Corn Oil BasedDemulsifier using the Response Surface Methodology: Modelling and Optimization

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abed Saad ◽  
Nour Abdurahman ◽  
Rosli Mohd Yunus
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Optimal Values ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
Oil Emulsions

: In this study, the Sany-glass test was used to evaluate the performance of a new surfactant prepared from corn oil as a demulsifier for crude oil emulsions. Central composite design (CCD), based on the response surface methodology (RSM), was used to investigate the effect of four variables, including demulsifier dosage, water content, temperature, and pH, on the efficiency of water removal from the emulsion. As well, analysis of variance was applied to examine the precision of the CCD mathematical model. The results indicate that demulsifier dose and emulsion pH are two significant parameters determining demulsification. The maximum separation efficiency of 96% was attained at an alkaline pH and with 3500 ppm demulsifier. According to the RSM analysis, the optimal values for the input variables are 40% water content, 3500 ppm demulsifier, 60 °C, and pH 8.

scholarly journals Rheological and Emulsification Behavior of Xinjiang Heavy Oil and Model Oils

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiaqiang Jing ◽  
Jiatong Tan ◽  
Haili Hu ◽  
Jie Sun ◽  
Peiyu Jing
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Gradient ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Crude Oils ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Silicon Oil ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Model Oil ◽  
White Mineral

Transparent model oils are commonly used to study the flow patterns and pressure gradient of crude oil-water flow in gathering pipes. However, there are many differences between the model oil and crude oils. The existing literatures focus on the flow pattern transition and pressure gradient calculation of model oils. This paper compares two most commonly used model oils (white mineral oil and silicon oil) with Xinjiang crude oil from the perspectives of rheological properties, oil-water interfacial tensions, emulsion photomicrographs and demulsification process. It indicates that both the white mineral oil and the crude oils are pseudo plastic fluids, while silicon oil is Newtonian fluid. The viscosity-temperature relationship of white mineral oil is similar to that of the diluted crude oil, while the silicon oil presents a less viscosity gradient with the increasing temperature. The oil-water interfacial tension can be used to evaluate the oil dispersing ability in the water phase, but not to evaluate the emulsion stability. According to the Turbiscan lab and the stability test, the model oil emulsion is less stable than that of crude oil, and easier to present water separation.

scholarly journals Optimization of (RP6000 and MAKS-9150) demulsifiers for separation of water from (Kirkuk / baba, Khbbaz) crude oil emulsion

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 69-84
Author(s):  
Dr. Mueyyed Akram Arslan ◽  
Dr. Ghassan Burhan Yaqoob
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Emulsion Stability ◽  
Ph Effect ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Bottle Test ◽  
Oil Emulsions

In this study oil-soluble (RP6000 and MAKS-9150) emulsion breakers have been selected for separation of water from Kirkuk / baba (50oC), Khbbaz (40oC) crude oil emulsions and their activity measured using the Bottle test method at different concentration and found the activity of RP6000 demulsified best than MAKS-9150 emulsion breakers. RP6000 separated water (100%) in (15)min., (40)ppm and in (60)min., (20)ppm of demulsified for Kirkuk/ baba Crude oil and for khbbaz Crude oil the (100%) water separation was in (15)min., (80)ppm and in (30)min., (60)ppm and PH effect, salinity, temperature and density of emulsion stability depending on literature were explained for Optimization.

scholarly journals An Overview of Recent Advances in State-of-the-Art Techniques in the Demulsification of Crude Oil Emulsions

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 470 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Saad ◽  
Mohammed Kamil ◽  
N. H. Abdurahman ◽  
Rosli Mohd Yunus ◽  
Omar I. Awad
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Oil Emulsion ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
Demulsification Process ◽  
Different Sources

The processing of crude oil often requires the extraction of a large amount of water. Frequently, crude oil is mixed with water to form water-in-crude oil emulsions as the result of factors such as high shear at the production wellhead and surface-active substances that are naturally present in crude oil. These emulsions are undesirable and require demulsification to remove the dispersed water and associated inorganic salts in order to meet production and transportation specifications. Additionally, the demulsification of these crude oil emulsions mitigates corrosion and catalyst poisoning and invariably maximizes the overall profitability of crude oil production. Recently, there has been growing research interest in developing workable solutions to the difficulties associated with transporting and refining crude oil emulsions and the restrictions on produced water discharge. Therefore, this paper reviews the recent research efforts on state-of-the-art demulsification techniques. First, an overview of crude oil emulsion types, formation, and stability is presented. Then, the parameters and mechanisms of emulsification formation and different demulsification techniques are extensively examined. It is worth noting that the efficiency of each of these techniques is dependent on the operating parameters and their interplay. Moreover, a more effective demulsification process could be attained by leveraging synergistic effects by combining one or more of these techniques. Finally, this literature review then culminates with propositions for future research. Therefore, the findings of this study can help for a better understanding of the formation and mechanisms of the various demulsification methods of crude oil to work on the development of green demulsifiers by different sources.

Oil Water Separation By Centrifugal Force

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anshita Awasthi ◽  
Akansha Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Oil Spill ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Offshore Platforms ◽  
Water Separation ◽  
Oil Water ◽  
Marine Areas ◽  
Drilling Rigs

An oil spill is the release of a liquid petroleum hydrocarbon into the environment, especially marine areas, due to human activity, and is a form of pollution. The term is usually applied to marine oil spills, where oil is released into the ocean or coastal waters, but spills may also occur on land. Oil spills may be due to releases of crude oil from tankers, offshore platforms, drilling rigs and wells, as well as spills of refined petroleum products (such as gasoline, diesel) and their by-products, heavier fuels used by large ships such as bunker fuel, or the spill of any oily refuse or waste oil. This paper deals with the problem of recovery of spilled crude oil. It has been observed that the separation efficiency is greater for high range of viscosity and oil water ratios. Separation efficiency data on tests of water versus diesel, crude oil, and IS0 460 gear oil will be presented for two sizes of separators. Oil spills can have disastrous consequences for society; both economically and environmentally. As a result of these consequences oil spill accidents can initiate intense media attention and political uproar. Despite substantial national and international policy improvements on preventing oil spills adopted in recent decades, large oil spills keep occurring.

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