scholarly journals Assessment of the Water Quality of Boreholes in Selected Areas in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Ogbeifun ◽  
U. D. Archibong ◽  
I. E. Chiedu ◽  
E. E. Ikpe
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Benin City ◽  
North East ◽  
Principal Component Analysis Result ◽  
Edo State

The water quality of selected boreholes in Oredo, Egor and Ovia North-East Local Government Areas in Benin City metropolis was assessed in terms of their physical, microbial and chemical parameters. A total of nine water samples (three per local government) were collected from randomly selected public boreholes in the month of July, 2018. The physicochemical parameters determined and values obtained are as follows: Electrical conductivity ranged 12.85 to 101.94 µS/cm, Temperature 25.00 to 25.01, pH of 4.32 to 5.55, TDS 0.67 to 4.00 mg/l, COD 3.20 to 16.00 mg/l, Turbidity 1.14 to 5.38FTU, Cl- 106.50 to 426.00 mg/l, SO42- 0.41 to 2.87 mg/l, TSS 0.33 to 1.67 mg/l, TS 1.33 to 4.33 mg/l, NO3- 23.73 to 41.48 mg/l, Mg 0.03 to 0.61mg/l, Ca 0.10 to 0.41 mg/l, HCO3- 7.00 to 22.00 mg/l, Na 0.20 to 7.75 mg/l, K 0.41 to 1.20 mg/l, Mn 0.01 to 0.11 mg/l, Fe 0.01 to 0.02 mg/l, Zn 0.01 to 0.65 mg/l, PO4- 0.07 mg/l for all locations, while some metals like Cd, Pb were not detected. Microbial evaluation was done on the samples to assess the level of E. coli, coliforms and bacteria. The principal component analysis result extracted two components each from the three LGAs; In Oredo LGA, Factor 1 accounted for 84.9% while Factor 2 accounts for 15.1%. In Egor LGA, Factor 1 accounts for 51.1% while Factor 2 accounts for 48.9%. In Ovia North-East LGA, Factor 1 accounted for 59.0% while Factor 2 accounts for 49.0% contributions.

scholarly journals Water quality analysis and model simulation for the second largest polluted lake in Egypt

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 1762
Author(s):  
Diaa SeifSeif ◽  
Mahmoud Nasr ◽  
Mohamed R. Soliman ◽  
Medhat Moustafa ◽  
Walid Elbarki
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Model Simulation ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Lake Water Quality ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
North East ◽  
Burullus Lake

This study investigated the spatial variation in the water quality parameters of Burullus Lake using multivariate analysis and MIKE21 model. The lake was classified into zone-1 at north-east (Z1), zone-2 at south-east (Z2), zone-3 at north-middle (Z3), zone-4 at south-middle (Z4), zone-5 at north-west (Z5), zone-6 at south-west (Z6), and zone-7 at west (Z7). The obtained parameters were temperature 21.5±5.0 ºC, pH 8.2±0.6, dissolved oxygen (DO) 5.9±1.0 mg/L, biological oxygen demand (BOD) 23.9±5.7 mg/L, NH3-N 2.5±0.3 mg/L, NO2-N 1.9±0.3 mg/L, NO3-N 1.2±0.3 mg/L, PO4-P 1.9±0.3 mg/L, SiO4 3.2±0.1 mg/L, Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) 88.2±10.8 µg/L, and salinity 3.2±1.0 g/L. Principal component analysis showed that agricultural drainage water was the key factor influencing the water quality characteristics of Burullus Lake. Water quality index (WQI) varied between “Bad” to “Medium”, suggesting that the lake wasn’t suitable for irrigation and fish growth; however, it was appropriate for some aquatic life. A MIKE21 model was developed to provide a recommendation scenario that could be used to enhance the water quality of Burullus Lake. By improving the water quality of precise drains (namely drains 7 and 8), the WQI at Z4 and Z6 modified from “Bad” to “Medium”. The period required to achieve this self-purification was 5 months.  

scholarly journals Kualitas dan distribusi spasial karakteristik fisika-kimia Sungai Siak di Kota Pekanbaru

DEPIK ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-343
Author(s):  
Luri Anita Vanri ◽  
Adriman Adriman ◽  
Muhammad Fauzi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Main Factor

Siak River is one of the biggest rivers and the deepest in Riau Province in Indonesia with its 20-30 depth and depth 370 kilometers. The Siak River used for bathing, washing, dumping industrial palm oil, plantation, domestic waste, and port so it has an impact on water quality changing. This study analyzed the water quality and distribution spatial physical and chemical parameters the river around in Pekanbaru city, using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), this study used laboratory in situ and ex situ water quality measurement instruments. Water sampling each station done three times in two weeks during October to November 2019. The results obtained from this study shows the water quality of these 6 stations in the category of bad and the water quality from headwaters to downstream river influenced by organic parameter as a dominant pollutant. The correlation of water quality characteristic was 74.4% main factor 1 (F1) 47.4% and main factor 2 (F2) 26.7% with main characteristics fecal coliform, phosphate, and nitrate. Grouping these characteristics through a dendrogram showed three levels of relationship based on the characteristic parameter. The first group stands for station 1,2, and 4 have higher brightness and Dissolved oxygen (DO) parameters than other stations. The second group stands for stations 3 and 5 that have relatively high in parameter phosphate and nitrate. The third group is station 6 (river estuary) which results in shows high of fecal coliform proportional to pollution. The study can be concluded that three groups heavily contaminated. Each group has different parameters that show influence upland and waters activities.Keywords: Distribution of spatial, The quality of water, Siak River, Physical and Chemical Parameters, PCA ABSTRAKSungai Siak merupakan salah satu sungai terbesar di Provinsi Riau dan terdalam di Indonesia, dengan kedalaman sekitar 20-30 meter dan panjang 300 kilometer. Sungai siak masih dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sebagai sarana Mandi Cuci Kakus (MCK), tempat buangan limbah industri kelapa sawit, perkebunan, rumah tangga dan pelabuhan, sehingga berdampak pada perubahan kualitas perairan. Penelitian dilakukan untuk menganalisa kualitas dan distribusi spasial karateristik fisik-kimia perairan Sungai Siak di sekitar Kota Pekanbaru, dengan menggunakan Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Kajian menggunakan instrument pengukuran kualitas air in situ dan ex situ di laboratorium. Pengambilan sampel air pada masing-masing stasiun dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali setiap dua minggu selama bulan Oktober hingga November 2019. Hasil yang diperoleh dari kajian ini adalah kualitas air di keenam stasiun masuk dalam katagori buruk dan mengalami penurunan kualitas dari hulu ke hilir yang disebabkan bahan organik. Korelasi karakteristik kualitas air sebesar 74,3%, faktor utama 1 (F1)  47,4% dan faktor utama 2 (F2) 26,7% dengan penciri utama fecal coliform, fosfat dan nitrat. Pengelompokan stasiun pada dendogram klarifikasi hierarki menunjukkan adanya tiga tingkat hubungan kekerabatan berdasarkan parameter pencirinya. Kelompok satu terdiri dari stasiun 1, 2 dan 4 memiliki hasil relatif tinggi pada parameter kecerahan dan oksigen terlarut (DO) dibandingkan dengan stasiun lainnya. Kelompok dua terdiri dari stasiun 3 dan 5 memiliki hasil relatif tinggi pada paramter nitrat dan fosfat dibandingkan dengan stasiun lainnya. Kelompok tiga adalah stasiun 6 (muara sungai sail) dengan parameter fecal coliform relatif tinggi yang berbanding lurus dengan tingkat pencemarannya. Berdasarkan hasil kajian dapat disimpulkan bahwa tiga kelompok sama-sama tercemar berat, namun masing-masing kelompok memiliki perbedaan parameter pencirinya yang memperlihatkan pengaruh berbagai aktifitas di darat maupun di perairan itu sendiri.Kata kunci: Distribusi spasial, Kualitas air, Sungai Siak, Parameter fisika dan kimia, PCA

scholarly journals Water quality of the Atibaia river in the city of Paulínia/SP: evaluation of the Electrical Conductivity and Chloride variables

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e66
Author(s):  
Camila Pereira Montovani ◽  
Cassiana Maria Reganhan Coneglian ◽  
Elaine Cristina Catapani Poletti
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms ◽  
Linear Correlation Analysis ◽  
The City

The present study aimed to evaluate the characteristics that most influenced the water quality variability of the Atibaia river in the city of Paulínia/SP, the coordinates of the water collection point are given by 22º44'23”(S) and 47º07 ' 40 ”(W), in the dry and rainy seasons, from 2006 to 2016. The data used in this study come from the monitoring of parameters carried out in the spring by a research team, accompanied by periodic collections of surface water samples and analyzes laboratory tests. The parameters addressed included: precipitation, temperature, Hydrogenionic potential (pH), turbidity, thermotolerant coliforms (Escherichia coli (E. coli)), dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (Ntotal), total phosphorus (Ptotal), total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC) and chlorides (Cl-). Water quality was assessed using linear correlation analysis, using the Pearson Correlation coefficient (r), and Multivariate Analysis, using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The presence of EC, Cl- and COD in both periods indicates quality characteristics related to the mineralization of organic compounds present in the water and the eutrophication process.

scholarly journals Impact of Waste and Industrial Effluent on Ground Water Quality Index in Rabigh Area, Makkah Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 2503-2508
Author(s):  
Rawan H. Alansari ◽  
Rawan N. Alrajhi ◽  
Rana A. Alghamdi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Drinking Purpose

The quality of surface water and groundwater has deteriorated as a result of increased industrialization, urbanization and agricultural practices during the last few decades. Contaminated groundwater can cause major health problems in humans, such as typhoid and other infections. Similar in the case of Rabigh Governorate, the groundwater is one of the main sources of water for domestic and agriculture purposes in its villages situated in western Saudi Arabia. Many factories have been established in Rabigh region in recent years and day to day input of numerous untreated/partially treated water resulting in major environmental problems, one of which is the low quality of groundwater causing serious environmental and health issues. The presented study discusses the ground water as the main available and usable source in extremely climatic condition of arid area of Saudi Arabia. The article proceeds with the brief introduction of ground water, its contamination sources and health hazards. For this, 13 water samples were from the randomly selected wells in Rabigh Governorate for quality examine. Water quality index analysis was conducted, which is a useful technique for fast assessment of the quality of any water resource. Various physical and chemical parameters of water quality index such as pH, temperature, conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), total suspended solids (TSS), total solids (TS), dissolved oxygen (DO), arsenic and E. coli are measured and analyzed. The values of all groundwater samples are compared with the standard WHO permissible values. The water quality of the wells were classified into “good, poor, very poor and unsuitable for drinking” based on physico-chemical parameters. According to the observed study, water quality range (WQR) for 5 samples (38% of the samples) are of poor quality, 3 samples (23%) are recorded with a very poor quality and 5 samples (38%) are not suitable for drinking purpose due to presence of high conductivity and TDS values. After taking into consideration the presence of E. coli in 31% of the samples (n = 4), about 62% of the samples (n = 8) are not suitable for drinking purpose, only 23% (n = 3) samples are of poor quality and 15% (n = 2) are very poor quality. The findings reveal a decrease in water quality (unsuitable for drinking purpose) in 8 out of 13 collected samples. It is believed that waste and industrial activities have an impact on groundwater quality in the study area, however, a nationwide investigation should be conducted to validate this finding.

Spatial and seasonal variations in physico-chemical parameters of the Imo River Estuary, Niger Delta, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-38
Author(s):  
L. E. Obuba ◽  
A.A. Nlewadim ◽  
A. Uka
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Coastal Wetlands ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Analysis Of Results

Variations in the water quality of the Imo River estuary was investigated by measuring values of selected physico-chemical parameters. Samples were collected bi-monthly between April 2015 and March 2016, covering the dry and wet seasons of the year. Three stations were selected: upstream (Kalibiama), midstream (Opobo) and downstream (Queenstown). Analysis of results showed that physico-chemical parameters were affected more on seasonal than spatial scale. Principal component analysis carried out indicated that values of most of the parameters recorded within the stations clustered together. On the other hand, dispersed values were recorded in months and seasons with significant variations at (p≤0.05) among most parameters. The high spatial variations in phosphates, suspended solids and lead could be associated to human activities like laundry and waste disposal within Opobo and Kalibiama stations. While, high seasonal variability in most parameters could be associated with intense sunshine, cloud cover and tidal intrusion/dilution due to runoff. It can be concluded that nutrient fluxes due to nitrogenous fertilizers are not a problem within the estuary. However, chemical factors and biodegradable components which cause fluctuations in biological oxygen demand are more of the challenge. Keywords: Land-use, nutrient flux, water-quality, pollution, coastal wetlands.

scholarly journals Use of macro invertebrates to assess the quality of Seybouse River (North-East of Algeria)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
B. Affef ◽  
O. Samia ◽  
B. Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Benthic Invertebrates ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
North East ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Different Depths

This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical properties of water, to determine the macro-benthic invertebrates of this ecosystem. The money samples of water are taken (November - May) at three stations at different depths, including a very polluted one at downstream of the Wadi. Several physico-chemical parameters were measured (pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, BOD5 MES, water temperature and salinity). The Bi-monthly sampling of macro invertebrates revealed the existence of 40 taxa, divided into 4 branches (amphibians, molluscs, arthropods, annelids), made up of 2344 identified individuals, and distributed according to the bathymetry, where the majority are Arthropods with 95.38%. The annelids represent 3.71%, collected mainly at the level of the strongly anthropized site C. Therefore, the distribution of the macrobenthic fauna, depends on the physico-chemical parameters, on the geographical position.Maintaining a standard water quality in this aquatic ecosystem requires continuous monitoring of its physicochemical characteristics.

STUDI PERBANDINGAN KUALITAS AIR BERSIH DALAM KAITANYA DENGAN AKTIVITAS MASYARAKAT DI SEKITAR SUMBER AIR PADA DESA WAINITU, BATUMERAH, AMAHUSU, DAN HALONG

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-119
Author(s):  
Lela Uyara ◽  
Pieter Kunu ◽  
Silwanus M Talakua
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Water Quality Analysis ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Standard Quality

The study aims to determine the quality of clean water in the villages of Wainitu, Batumerah, Amahusu and Halong by comparing the result of water quality analysis with water quality standard. Water quality analysis includes Physiscal, Chemical, and Microbiological parameters. This research uses descriptive method, this method describes systematics, accurate about facts and characteristic of the quality of clean water of each research location. The results showed that the source of clean water in the village of Batumerah did not meet the standard of clean water quality standards indicated by the number of E. coli and the high total coliform.  Keywords: standard quality of clean water, water quality, Wainitu, Batumerah, Amahusu and Halong villages   ABSTRAK Penelitian yang bertujuan untuk menetapkan kualitas air bersih di Desa Wainitu, Batumerah, Amahusu dan Halong, dengan membandingkan hasil analisis kualitas air dengan standar baku mutu air bersih. Analisis kualitas air meliputi parameter fisika, kimia dan mikrobiologi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif; metode ini menggambarkan sicara sistematis, akurat, fakta dan karakteristik mengenai kualitas air bersih di masing-masing lokasi penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sumber air bersih di Desa Batumerah tidak memenuhi standar baku mutu air bersih yang ditunjukkan oleh jumlah E. coli dan total Koliform yang tinggi. Kata Kunci: baku mutu air bersih, Desa Wainitu, Batumerah, Amahusu dan Halong, kualitas air

QUALIDADE DAS ÁGUAS E NÍVEL TRÓFICO DA BACIA DO RIO PACIÊNCIA NA ILHA DO MARANHÃO, BRASIL

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 437-453
Author(s):  
Elna Lucilia Santos Corrêa ◽  
Karina Suzana Feitosa Pinheiro ◽  
Cláudio José Da Silva de Sousa ◽  
Luiz Jorge Bezerra da Silva Dias
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Trophic Status ◽  
The Body ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Public Supply ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Great Availability ◽  
Del Rio ◽  
Fluvial Environments

O Brasil apresenta grande disponibilidade de água doce em seus mananciais. Fazendo parte desse recurso encontra-se, o rio Paciência, localizado na Ilha do Maranhão destacado pela sua importância local, principalmente por contribuir com suas águas para recarga dos mananciais subterrâneos, fonte de abastecimento público de vários bairros de São Luís, capital do estado. No entanto, este rio vem sofrendo comprometimento da qualidade de suas águas, consequência do processo de uso e ocupação dos espaços em sua bacia. Destacando-se como um dos principais problemas relacionados a qualidade de ambientes fluviais,  a eutrofização, que consiste no processo em que o corpo d’água adquire elevados níveis de nutrientes (fosfatos e nitratos), é um indicador determinante da qualidade da água. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar a qualidade da água e do estado trófico na bacia hidrográfica do rio Paciência atráves dos parâmetros fisico-químico evidenciando os trechos mais comprometidos conforme os valores alcançados nas análises. Os resultados das análises foram comparados com a CONAMA No. 357/05 que indicaram uma situação preocupante quanto à qualidade da água no local de estudo.Palavras-chave: Qualidade de água; Eutrofização; Ilha do Maranhão. ABSTRACTThe Brazil has great availability of fresh water in its springs. Within these contexts, the Paciência River, located on the Island of Maranhão stands out for its local importance, mainly for contributing its waters to the recharge of the underground springs, source of public supply of several districts of São Luís, capital of the state. However, this river has been compromising the quality of its waters, a consequence of the process of use and occupation of the spaces in its basin. Highlighting as one of the main problems related to the quality of fluvial environments, eutrophication, which consists of the process in which the body of water acquires high levels of nutrients (phosphates and nitrates), is a determinant indicator of water quality. In this sense, the objective of this work was to characterize the water quality and trophic status in the Paciência river basin through the physico-chemical parameters, showing the most compromised stretches according to the values reached in the analyzes. The results of the analyzes were compared with CONAMA No. 357/05 which indicated a worrying situation regarding the quality of the water at the place of study.Keywords: Water quality; Eutrophication; Island of Maranhão. RESUMENBrasil tiene gran disponibilidad de agua dulce en sus manantiales. Parte de este recurso es el río Paciencia, ubicado en la isla de Maranhão, que destaca por su importancia local, principalmente porque contribuye con sus aguas a recargar las fuentes subterráneas, fuente de suministro público de varios barrios de São Luís, capital del estado. Sin embargo, este río se ha visto afectado por la calidad de sus aguas, como consecuencia del proceso de uso y ocupación de los espacios en su cuenca. Destacando como uno de los principales problemas relacionados con la calidad de los ambientes fluviales, la eutrofización, que consiste en el proceso en el que el cuerpo de agua adquiere altos niveles de nutrientes (fosfatos y nitratos), es un indicador determinante de la calidad del agua. En este sentido, el objetivo de este trabajo fue caracterizar la calidad del agua y el estado trófico en la cuenca del río Paciência a través de los parámetros fisicoquímicos, mostrando las secciones más comprometidas de acuerdo con los valores alcanzados en los análisis. Los resultados de los análisis se compararon con CONAMA N°. 357/05, que indicó una situación preocupante con respecto a la calidad del agua en el sitio de estudio.Palabras clave: Calidad del agua; Eutrofización, Isla Maranhão.

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