scholarly journals Aqueous Extract of Alstonia boonei Bark Reduces Chronic Hyperglycemia and Prevents its Complications through Increase of Hepatic Global Dna Methylation in Diabetic Wistar Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Martin Fonkoua ◽  
W. Tazon Arnold ◽  
R. Françoise Ntentié ◽  
B. Azantsa Kingue ◽  
G. Takuissu Nguemto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Methylation Profile ◽  
Global Dna Methylation ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
Dna Methylation Profile

Aim:  DNA methylation profile is involved in several physiological processes. Its alterations in the liver of diabetic patients characterized by global hypomethylation are associated with the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and its complications. The present study has evaluated the effect of the aqueous extract of Alstonia boonei barks on the global methylation of hepatic DNA in association with hyperglycemia and diabetes complications induced by high-fat diet (HFD) feeding and administering of streptozotocin (STZ) which mimics the metabolic abnormalities very similar to those seen in human Type 2 diabetes. Methods: A. boonei barks were harvested, processed, dried, ground and an aqueous extraction was prepared (ratio 1/10 w/v). An in vivo study was conducted in an animal model of high-fat-streptozotocin (HF-STZ) induced diabetes. Rats were divided into five groups of five rats each: a normoglycemic group, an untreated hyperglycemic group, three hyperglycemic groups including two test groups receiving aqueous extract of A. boonei barks (AEAB) by esophageal gavage at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight once daily and a reference group receiving metformin at 10 mg/kg body weight. After 28 days of experimentation during which fasting blood glucose levels were taken every 14 days under fasting conditions, the animals were sacrificed. Plasma and liver homogenate samples from the sacrificed rats were used for biochemical assays (markers of oxidative stress such as malondialdehyde level, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activity, and markers of lipid profile such as total cholesterol, and triglycerides, HDL-c, LDL-c and VLDL-c).  The analysis of the global DNA methylation profile was performed by the immunoprecipitation. Pearson's correlation was used to evaluate the relationship between the values. Results: The aqueous extract increased the hepatic DNA methylation by 0.41% and 0.63% at 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight, respectively, compared to metformin (0.47%±0, 05). This effect was significantly associated with the hypoglycemic effect obtained at 400 mg/kg body weight with a decrease in initial blood glucose level of -29.87%. Conclusion: AEAB reduces chronic hyperglycemia and prevents its complications by increasing global hepatic DNA methylation.

Global DNA methylation profile in medullary thyroid cancer patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucieli Ceolin ◽  
Ana Paula Palauro Goularte ◽  
Carla Vaz Ferreira ◽  
Mírian Romitti ◽  
Ana Luiza Maia
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Medullary Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Methylation Profile ◽  
Global Dna Methylation ◽  
Medullary Thyroid ◽  
Dna Methylation Profile

scholarly journals Global DNA methylation: role, status and genome-wide approaches to study epigenetic mark in cloned embryos

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-59
Author(s):  
Shivani Malpotra ◽  
Ahmad Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Gene Expression Pattern ◽  
Methylation Profile ◽  
Global Dna Methylation ◽  
Epigenetic Mark ◽  
Dna Methylation Profile ◽  
Low Efficiency

Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technique has been proving its worth for more than two decades now as over 20 different species have been successfully cloned. SCNT protocol for cloning is well established but efficiency in terms of live birth rate is still low. Epigenetic abnormality following nuclear reprogramming is considered as the main culprit behind its low efficiency. DNA methylation is one of the most important epigenetic modifications that directly or indirectly regulate gene expression pattern, development and genome stability. Embryos produced through SCNT are found to express abnormal DNA methylation profile in comparison with in vivo or in vitro produced embryos. In order to improve DNA methylation profile in cloned embryos, a complete database of whole genome is required to find out specific faulty targets. Many techniques including low throughput and high throughput approach has been used to profile DNA methylation pattern in bovine embryos throughout the developmental stages. In the present review, we have compiled the overall status of global DNA methylation, the effect of aberrant DNA methylation on development and evolution in methodologies used for profiling global DNA methylome in cloned embryos.

scholarly journals Evaluation of voglibose on body weight in rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1159
Author(s):  
Sarita Mulkalwar ◽  
Tanya Gupta ◽  
Vishwanath Kulkarni ◽  
A. V. Tilak ◽  
B. T. Rane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
Obesity Drugs

Background: As of 2018, 2.1 billion people nearly 30% of the world’s population are either obese or overweight. Worldwide obesity has nearly tripled since 1975. It is an emerging health problem with major adverse effects on health. It is a risk factor for many chronic diseases but is best known for its role in metabolic syndrome, which can lead to type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as cardiovascular diseases. Anti-obesity drugs are available but have many side effects. Voglibose, an antidiabetic drug, is an alpha glucosidase inhibitor which shows promising results in the reduction of body weight with minimal side effects.Methods: Voglibose (7 mg/kg) was administered to rats fed with normal laboratory chows and high fat diet to see its effect on body weight, body mass index, abdominal and thoracic circumference, and lipid profile at the end of 12 weeks.Results: Administration of voglibose significantly reduced food consumption, feed efficiency and increase in body weight induced by high fat diet in rats. Rats fed on normal diet also showed reductions in the same parameters, suggesting its weight lowering effect. Reductions in the anthropometric measurements, hypolipidemic effects and glucose lowering effects were also observed.Conclusions: Voglibose prevented high fat diet-induced obesity and improvement in metabolic profile, which ultimately has systemic effects on body weight in rats. Further studies are needed to see its potential therapeutic use in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, and related complications.

Effect of punicalagin on multiple targets in streptozotocin/high-fat diet-induced diabetic mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 10617-10634
Author(s):  
Dan Jin ◽  
Baiyu Zhang ◽  
Qiaoling Li ◽  
Jingjing Tu ◽  
Benhong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Diabetic Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Multiple Targets ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycemia ◽  
P Type

Type 2 diabetes has a series of metabolic aberrations accompanied by chronic hyperglycemia, along with various comorbidities.

scholarly journals Polyphenol-Rich Fraction of Brown AlgaEcklonia cavaCollected from Gijang, Korea, Reduces Obesity and Glucose Levels in High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Young Park ◽  
Eung Hwi Kim ◽  
Mi Hwi Kim ◽  
Young Wan Seo ◽  
Jung Im Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Glucose Levels

Ecklonia cava (E. cava)is a brown alga that has beneficial effects in models of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. However, the effects ofE. cavaextracts on diet-induced obesity and type 2 diabetes have not been specifically examined. We investigated the effects ofE. cavaon body weight, fat content, and hyperglycemia in high-fat diet- (HFD) induced obese mice and sought the mechanisms involved. C57BL/6 male mice were fed a HFD (60% fat) diet or normal chow. After 3 weeks, the HFD diet group was given extracts (200 mg/kg) ofE. cavaharvested from Jeju (CA) or Gijang (G-CA), Korea or PBS by oral intubation for 8 weeks. Body weights were measured weekly. Blood glucose and glucose tolerance were measured at 7 weeks, and fat pad content and mRNA expression of adipogenic genes and inflammatory cytokines were measured after 8 weeks of treatment. G-CA was effective in reducing body weight gain, body fat, and hyperglycemia and improving glucose tolerance as compared with PBS-HFD mice. The mRNA expression of adipogenic genes was increased, and mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines and macrophage marker gene was decreased in G-CA-treated obese mice. We suggest that G-CA reduces obesity and glucose levels by anti-inflammatory actions and improvement of lipid metabolism.

scholarly journals Effects of the low carbohydrate, high fat diet on glycemic control and body weight in patients with type 2 diabetes: experience from a community-based cohort

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e000980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabina Roohi Ahmed ◽  
Sridevi Bellamkonda ◽  
Mihail Zilbermint ◽  
Jiangxia Wang ◽  
Rita Rastogi Kalyani
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Usual Care ◽  
Care Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Low Carbohydrate

ObjectiveThe optimal diet to improve glycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes remains unclear. Low carbohydrate, high fat (LCHF) diets can improve glycemic control, but have not been investigated in real-world settings.Research design and methodsWe investigated effects of the LCHF diet compared with usual care in a community-based cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes by performing a retrospective study of 49 patients who followed the LCHF diet for ≥3 months, and compared glycemic outcomes with age-matched and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls who received usual care (n=75). The primary outcome was change in A1C from baseline to the end of follow-up.ResultsCompared with the usual care group, the LCHF group showed a significantly greater reduction in A1C (−1.29% (95% CI −1.75 to −0.82; p<0.001)) and body weight (−12.8 kg (95% CI −14.7 to −10.8; p<0.001) at the end of follow-up after adjusting for age, sex, baseline A1C, BMI, baseline insulin dose. Of the patients initially taking insulin therapy in the LCHF group, 100% discontinued it or had a reduction in dose, compared with 23.1% in the usual care group (p<0.001). The LCHF group also had significantly greater reduction in fasting plasma glucose (−43.5 vs −8.5 mg/mL; p=0.03) compared with usual care.ConclusionsIn a community-based cohort of type 2 diabetes, the LCHF diet was associated with superior A1C reduction, greater weight loss and significantly more patients discontinuing or reducing antihyperglycemic therapies suggesting that the LCHF diet may be a metabolically favorable option in the dietary management of type 2 diabetes.

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