scholarly journals A Review on Preparation and Characterization of Activated Bio-Char

2021 ◽  
pp. 106-117
Author(s):  
Deepshikha Azad ◽  
R. N. Pateriya ◽  
Rajat Kumar Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Carbonaceous Material ◽  
Micropore Volume ◽  
Cellulosic Biomass ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Impregnation Ratio ◽  
Impregnation Time

Activated charcoal (AC) is a carbonaceous material with high surface area due to high degree of micro-porosity which makes it a very versatile adsorbent for utilization in industrial, medicinal, environmental and other fields. Ligno-cellulosic biomass (eg. pine needles, paddy stubbles, other waste agricultural residue) can be a prominent raw material for activated bio-char due to its abundance, slow decomposition (which lead to fire/ air pollution). The main factors which affect the AC characteristics (surface area, micropore volume, mesopore volume) are biomass properties, impregnation ratio, impregnation time, activation temperature and activation time. The specific surface area, micropore, mesopore decreases after optimum value with continually increase in impregnation ratio and impregnation time. The activation temperature and impregnation ratio also affect the AC yield significantly. Sorption capacity get affected by adsorbent doses, contact time, agitation speed, adsorption temperature due to availability of active binding sites, adsorptive forces/ bonds.

scholarly journals Effect of Microwave Heating Conditions on the Preparation of High Surface Area Activated Carbon from Waste Bamboo

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 667-674
Author(s):  
Jian Wu ◽  
Hongying Xia ◽  
Libo Zhang ◽  
Yi Xia ◽  
Jinhui Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Heating Time ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Carbon Surface

Abstract The present study reports the effect of microwave power and microwave heating time on activated carbon adsorption ability. The waste bamboo was used to preparing high surface area activated carbon via microwave heating. The bamboo was carbonized for 2 h at 600°C to be used as the raw material. According to the results, microwave power and microwave heating time had a significant impact on the activating effect. The optimal KOH/C ratio of 4 was identified when microwave power and microwave heating time were 700 W and 15 min, respectively. Under the optimal conditions, surface area was estimated to be 3441 m2/g with pore volume of 2.093 ml/g and the significant proportion of activated carbon was microporous (62.3%). The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were illustrated that activated carbon surface had abundant functional groups. Additionally the pore structure is characterized using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).

The structural and sorptive characteristics of high-surface-area carbonaceous material (HSACM) in soils

2006 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-Chen Huang ◽  
Jiunn-Fwu Lee ◽  
Chung-Kung Lee ◽  
Jiunn-Chen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Carbonaceous Material

Preparation and Characterization of Activated Carbon from Reedy Grass Leaves by Chemical Activation with KOH

2014 ◽  
Vol 881-883 ◽  
pp. 579-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Zhi Chen ◽  
Dong Xu Miao ◽  
Xiao Jie Feng ◽  
Jian Zhong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Number ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
Impregnation Ratio ◽  
Dta Analysis

Activated carbons (AC) were produced by chemical activation with potassium hydroxide (KOH) at 800°C from chars that were carbonized from reedy grass leaves at 450°C in N2atmosphere. The effects of the weight ratio of KOH/char ( impregnation ratio), activation temperature and duration time were examined. Adsorption capacity was demonstrated with iodine number. BET surface area, pore volume and pore size of activated carbons were characterized by N2adsorption isotherms. The maximum surface area and iodine number of the AC was 1100 m2/g and 1080 mg/g produced at 800°C for2h and impregnation ratio is 4:1.The characteristics of activated carbons were determined by Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Thermal gravimetry (TG/DTA) analysis of raw material was carried out.

scholarly journals Antibacterial properties of AgNO3-activated carbon composite on Escherichia coli: inhibition action

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Nkwaju Yanou Rachel ◽  
Baçaoui Abdelaziz ◽  
Ndi Julius Nsami ◽  
Kouotou Daouda ◽  
Yaacoubi Abdelrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Total Pore Volume ◽  
Carbon Composite ◽  
Micropore Volume ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Activation Temperature ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Impregnation Time ◽  
Methylene Blue Number

AgNO3- activated carbon composite based palm kernel shell was prepared by hydrothermal carbonization. The concentration of AgNO3, activation temperature and impregnation time were investigated on five responses (iodine number, methylene blue number, BET surface area, micropore volume and total pore volume). The most influential parameters of the preparation process were optimized using the Doehlert optimal design. From the ANOVA, the following optimal conditions of preparation were retained: 0.068 mol/L, 210°C and 3.7 h for AgNO3 concentration, activation temperature and impregnation time respectively. The activated carbon (AC) and the composite (AC-AgNO3) were characterized using Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy, X-Ray diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled to Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and measurements of the surface area. The XRD pattern and SEM-EDX clearly confirmed the presence of silver in the composite. The experimental parameters of AC- AgNO3 composite were as followed: 708.44 mg/g; 293.09 mg/g; 713.0 m2/g; 0.49 cm3/g and 0.76 cm3/g, for iodine number, methylene blue number, BET surface area, micropore volume and total pore volume of AC- AgNO3 respectively. The antibacterial test carried on Escherichia Coli showed that AC-AgNO3 composite has a high-improved antibacterial property of 99.99% fixation with a dosage of 1500 ppm for 5 hours of contact time.

Performance of Carbon Blacks. Influence of Surface Roughness and Porosity

1955 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 878-890
Author(s):  
E. M. Dannenberg ◽  
B. B. S. T. Boonstra
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Air Oxidation ◽  
Direct Process ◽  
Electrically Conductive ◽  
High Area ◽  
Furnace Black ◽  
Bound Rubber

Abstract Porous blacks of high surface area can be produced without changing particle size either directly, in the normal furnace black process, or indirectly, in the laboratory by the air oxidation of a normal commercial and essentially nonporous HAF black raw material. Blacks of high surface area produced by the direct process are characterized by a retardation of rate of vulcanization, lower rebound resilience, and high electrical conductivity. Laboratory-prepared products of high area show cure retardation, but their electrically conductive and resilience properties show relatively little dependence on the degree of porosity and surface area. Bound rubber measurements, modulus, tensile strength, and abrasion properties of the laboratory-oxidized samples indicate an increase of reinforcement with increasing surface area.

Carbon Dioxide Adsorption Using High Surface Area Activated Carbons from Local Coals Modified by KOH, NaOH and ZnCl2 Agents

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atakan Toprak ◽  
Turkan Kopac
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Activated Carbons ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Micropore Volume ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Dft Methods ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Adsorption Capacities

Abstract Activated carbons of various features were produced by the impregnation of local coal samples that were taken from Kilimli region of Zonguldak (Turkey) with chemical agents KOH, NaOH and ZnCl2 at different temperatures (600–800 °C) and concentrations (1:1–6:1 agent:coal), for their evaluation in CO2 adsorption studies. BET, DR, t-plot and DFT methods were used for the characterization of carbon samples based on N2 adsorption data obtained at 77 K. The pore sizes of activated carbons produced were generally observed to be in between 13–25 Å, containing highly micropores. Mesopore formations were higher in samples treated with ZnCl2. The highest value for the BET surface area was found as 2,599 m2 g−1 for the samples treated with KOH at 800 °C with a KOH to coal ratio of 4:1. It was observed that the CO2 adsorption capacities obtained at atmospheric pressure and 273 K were considerably affected by the micropore volume and surface area. The highest CO2 adsorption capacities were found as 9.09 mmol/g (28.57 % wt) and 8.25 mmol g−1 (26.65 % wt) for the samples obtained with KOH and NaOH treatments, respectively, at ratio of 4:1. The activated carbons produced were ordered as KOH>NaOH>ZnCl2, according to their surface areas, micropore volumes and CO2 adsorption capacities. The low-cost experimental methods developed by the utilization of local coals in this study enabled an effective capture of CO2 before its emission to atmosphere.

Carbon dioxide hydrogenation to methanol over polybenzoxazine-based mesocarbon supported Cu-Zn catalyst

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Varisara Deerattrakul ◽  
Anurak Chukchuan ◽  
Nattanida Thepphankulngarm ◽  
Jirayu Pornjaturawit ◽  
Napas Vacharameteevoranun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Catalyst Support ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Carbonaceous Material ◽  
Nitrogen Species ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Hydrogenation

Carbonaceous material has been generally recognized as a stable and functionalized catalyst support and has a high surface area. It has been reported that the nitrogen species can enhance metal...

Preparation of High Surface Area Activated Carbon from Spent Phenolic Resin by Microwave Heating and KOH Activation

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Song Cheng ◽  
Libo Zhang ◽  
Shengzhou Zhang ◽  
Hongying Xia ◽  
Jinhui Peng
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Phenolic Resin ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Koh Activation ◽  
Microwave Assisted

AbstractThe spent phenolic resin is as raw material for preparing high surface area activated carbon (HSAAC) by microwave-assisted KOH activation. The effects of microwave power, activation duration and impregnation ratio (IR) on the iodine adsorption capability and yield of HSAAC were investigated. The surface characteristics of HSAAC were characterized by nitrogen adsorption isotherms, FTIR, SEM and TEM. The operating variables were optimized utilizing the response surface methodology (RSM) and were identified to be microwave power of 700 W, activation duration of 15 min and IR of 4, corresponding to a yield of 51.25 % and an iodine number of 2,384 mg/g. The pore structure parameters of the HSAAC, i. e., Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, total pore volume, and average pore diameter were estimated to be 4,269 m2/g, 2.396 ml/g and 2.25 nm, respectively, under optimum conditions. The findings strongly support the feasibility of microwave-assisted KOH activation for preparation of HSAAC from spent phenolic resin.

Phosphoric Acid Effect on Prepared Activated Carbon from Saudi Arabia’s Date Frond Waste

2011 ◽  
Vol 110-116 ◽  
pp. 2124-2130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Rahim Yacob ◽  
Hassan M. Al Swaidan
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Phosphoric Acid ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Palm Tree

High surface area activated carbon has always fascinated researchers for its application as adsorbent, for water purification, medical and industrial. Date is the major export of Saudi Arabia, while tons of date foliar and fronds are troublesome and yet to be disposed. Transforming this waste into usable activated carbon can be a good idea for recycling, sustainable and green chemistry. In this study, date tree frond is selected to prepare activated carbon, while the effect of phosphoric acid in chemical activation is studied. Using thermogravimetry analysis, it was found that 400oC was the best temperature to convert date frond to carbon. This is supported by FTIR spectroscopy. Various concentration of phosphoric acid is used to optimize the product high surface area carbon obtained and it was found the best is at 60% phosphoric acid with the highest surface area of 1139 m2g-1. This result is also supported by FTIR spectroscopy, which indicates the similarities between commercial carbon and the carbon prepared. FESEM pictographs show chemical activation using phosphoric acid can easily open up pores and cavity of the prepared activated carbon the get the high surface area. It is thus suggested that for mass production of high surface area carbon, date palm frond is used as the source of raw material, due to its abundance and availability comes from the pruning process on the date palm tree, while chemically activated to get the high surface area.

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