scholarly journals Antibacterial Effects of Palm Wine (Elaeis guineensis) on Salmonella typhi Isolated from Different Sources

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
O. C. Ojo ◽  
S. A. Agboola
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Natural Fermentation ◽  
Palm Wine ◽  
Plant Products ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Different Sources

Background: Palm wine is a traditional alcoholic beverage produce by natural fermentation of the sap of palm trees. Palm wine is normally use traditionally for the extraction of active ingredients from leaves, barks and stems of some medicinal search for new antimicrobial agents. The discovery of new antimicrobial agents from different sources such as microorganisms, animals, plants and plant products has been the major challenge of researchers. Aims: This research work is to investigate the antibacterial effects of palm wine (Elaeis guineensis) on Salmonella typhi isolated from different sources. Study Design: The samples were collected overnight from palm trees (E. guineensis). And it was assayed for antibacterial activity on S. typhi isolated from different sources using Agar well diffusion method. The effect of dilution and fermentation duration of the palm wines on isolated S. typhi was also determined. Palm wine (E. guineensis) inhibited S. typhi isolated, with diameter zones of inhibition ranging from 6.33±0.67 to 39.33±0.33 mm respectively. Palm wine from both palm trees was found to be more active against S. typhi than the conventional antibiotics (Chloramphenicol, Amoxycillin, Gentamycin and Ciprofloxacin) used, with diameter zones of inhibition ranging from 1.00± 0.33 to 20.67±0.57. The greatest inhibitory effect was on S. typhi isolated from well water (6.67± 0.31 to 44.67± 0.67 mm), while the least effect was on S. typhi isolated from an apparently healthy individual with inhibition ranging from 7.33±0.33 to 29.67± 0.33 mm. Also, the growth inhibitory effects of both palm wines on all S. typhi isolates used increased with increase in period of fermentation with diameter zones of inhibition ranging from 15.67±0.67 to 44.33 ± 0.33 mm for palm wine from R. vinifera and 6.33±0.33to 39.33±0.33 mm for palm wine from E. guineensis. Conclusion: The discovery of new antimicrobial agents from different sources such as microorganisms, animals, plants and plant products has been the major challenge of researchers. It is conceivable therefore that palm wine subjected to natural fermentation could be used to treat infections caused by S. typhi that is typhoid fever.

scholarly journals Réaction de deux espèces d’igname (Dioscorea spp.) traitées avec du vin de palme (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.), aux champignons responsables des pourritures d’igname

Afrika Focus ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice Kouamé Assiri ◽  
Attaky Hortense Diallo ◽  
Andres Tschannen ◽  
Severin Ake
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Palm Wine ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
In Vivo Tests ◽  
Natural Fungicide ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis Jacq

The sensitivity of Dioscorea alata var. bètè-bètè and D. cayenensis-rotundata var. krenglè treated with palm wine obtained from oil palm trees (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) to seven fungi isolated from yam rots was assessed. Yam tubers were collected from two markets in Abidjan and also from storage sites in Bringakro (at 180 km from Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire). Pathogenecity tests showed that Penicilium oxalicum was the most pathogenic among all fungi isolated. Krenglè was more susceptible than bètè-bètè. In vitro, fermented palm wine totally inhibited mycelial growth of all fungi isolated with the exception of P. oxalicum and Aspergillus niger. Inhibition percentage of mycelial growth of all fungi was more important for krenglè than bètè-bètè. Regardless the yam species, in vivo tests showed that fermented palm wine was more effective than non fermented palm wines when used as a preventive treatment. Key words: natural fungicide, palm wine, integrated disease management 

scholarly journals Comparative Study on Effectiveness of Commercial Antibiotic Discs in Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-83
Author(s):  
Mercy I. Aboh ◽  
Yakubu Ya’aba ◽  
Shehu B. Mohammed ◽  
Peters O. Oladosu
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Global Challenge ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Accuracy Of Results

Clinically, antimicrobial susceptibility testing results provide guidance in the choice of antimicrobial agents in patient care. The accuracy of results from antimicrobial susceptibility testing can be affected by multiple factors including the media, antimicrobial discs or preparations, inoculum’s size, plate reading and incubation conditions. Misleading results from antimicrobial susceptibility test leads to the indiscriminate and irrational use of antibiotics and have impacted grossly to the global challenge of antimicrobial resistance. The objectives of this study were to compare the efficacy of different brands of locally and foreign manufactured multi-antibiotic discs on bacteria and assess any significant variation. Two brands each of locally and foreign manufactured multi-antibiotic discs were purchased from retail stores within the FCT. The antibacterial susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Salmonella typhi ATCC 9150, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Streptococcus pyogenes were carried out using agar diffusion method. There were differences between the diameter zones of inhibition produced by the local brands and the foreign brands of antibiotic discs. Amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (30 µg) disc produced the highest variation within the four brands with zones of inhibition range 12.0 – 20.0 mm against the test organisms. There is need for regulatory bodies like NAFDAC and SON to routinely validate and assess the qualities of these products in the market.

scholarly journals Modulatory Effect of Lippia alba Essential Oil on the Activity of Clinically Used Antimicrobial Agents on Salmonella typhi and Shigella dysenteriae Biofilm

2018 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Andressa Batista ◽  
Hilania Dodou ◽  
Matheus Rodrigues ◽  
Pedro Pereira ◽  
Gleilton Sales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Antimicrobial Agent ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Lippia Alba ◽  
Microdilution Method ◽  
Pharmacological Potential ◽  
Main Components

The essential oil obtained from the leaves of Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E. Brown (Verbenaceae) has shown great pharmacological potential as an analgesic, antispasmodic, and antimicrobial agent. The aim of this study was to evaluate the modulatory effect of Lippia alba essential oil (LaEO I) on the activity of clinically used antimicrobial agents on Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (Salmonella typhi) and Shigella dysenteriae biofilms. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of LaEO I (MICLaEO I) was determined by the microdilution method, and the effect of LaEO I on the activity of clinically used antimicrobials was assessed by the Checkboard method. The values obtained from MICLaEO I and ciprofloxacin were used to evaluate the effect of time of exposure on cell viability. LaEO I main components were geranial (34.2%), neral (25.9%), and myrcene (12.5%). The MICLaEO I was 1 mg/mL for both strains. LaEO I positively modulated the action of ciprofloxacin, cefepime, and ceftriaxone. After the first hour of treatment with MICLaEO I, the cell viability of the strains showed a 5 log10 CFU/mL reduction, and the LaEO I-CIP association was able to inhibit growth during the first 6 h of the test. Regarding the anti-biofilm activity, MICLaEO I was able to reduce the biofilm mass of Salmonella typhi by 61.2% and of Shigella dysenteriae by 38.9%. MICLaEO I was not able to eradicate the preformed biofilm; however, there was a reduction in the biofilm microbial viability. LaEO I has the potential to be used as an antimicrobial agent and interferes with biofilm formation; also, it is able to reduce cell viability in preformed biofilm and synergistically modulate the activity of ciprofloxacin.

scholarly journals Salmonella Heidelberg Strain Responses to Essential Oil Components

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliany Rivera Calo ◽  
Christopher A. Baker ◽  
Si Hong Park ◽  
Steven C. Ricke
Keyword(s):  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Orange Oil ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations ◽  
Color Changes ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Strain Responses

<em>Salmonella</em> are one of the more prominent foodborne pathogens that represent a major health risk to humans. <em>Salmonella </em>serovar Heidelberg strains are increasingly becoming an important public health concern, since they have been identified as one of the primary <em>Salmonella </em>serovars responsible for human outbreaks. Over the years, <em>Salmonella </em>Heidelberg isolates have exhibited higher rates of resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents compared to other <em>Salmonella </em>serovars. Essential oils (EOs) have been widely used as alternatives to chemical-based antimicrobials. In the current research, five EOs were screened to determine their antimicrobial activity against 15 <em>S. </em>Heidelberg strains from different sources. Oils tested were R(+)-limonene, orange terpenes, cold compressed orange oil, trans-cinnamaldehyde and carvacrol. EOs were stabilized in nutrient broth by adding 0.15% (w/v) agar. Tube dilution assays and minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined by observing color changes in samples during exposure to EOs. Carvacrol and <em>trans-</em>cinnamaldehyde completely inhibited the growth of <em>S.</em> Heidelberg strains, while R(+)-limonene and orange terpenes did not show any inhibitory activity against the strains tested. Cold compressed orange oil only inhibited growth of two of the strains exhibiting an MIC of 1%. All <em>S</em>. Heidelberg isolates evaluated exhibited similar responses to the respective EOs. The use of all natural antimicrobials such as specific EOs offers the potential to limit the majority of <em>S. </em>Heidelberg isolates that may occur in food production.

scholarly journals Evaluation of In Vitro Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Potentials of Crude Methanolic Extracts of Excoecaria agallocha (Leaves)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Md. Abdur Rahman ◽  
Md. Saddam Hussain ◽  
Md. Shalahuddin Millat ◽  
Md. Mizanur Rahman Moghal
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Hypotonic Solution ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Excoecaria Agallocha ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

Excoecaria agallocha plant (Leaves) was analyzed to explore In Vitro antimicrobial and membrane stabilizing activities as a crude methanolic extract. Antimicrobial activity was performed against a wide range of Gram positive(+Ve) and Gram negative(-Ve) bacteria by using disc diffusion method and various methanolic extracts of leaves of E.agallocha was tested for determining membrane stabilizing activity at hypotonic solution and heat induce condition and standard acetyl salicylic acid (0.10 mg/mL) was employed as standard. the zones of inhibition created was found to be 1.3 cm at a concentration of 100 µL/ disc in case of Gram negative(-Ve) bacteria Salmonella typhi. The results obtained were compared with that of a standard Ampicillin (10 µL) and imipenem (10µL), penicillin (10µl), cefoxitine(30µl). Crude methanolic extract of 10mg/ml concentration showed maximum value of 17.67±0.0102 and 18.92±0.086% respectively under hypotonic solution and heat induced condition. Thus the result suggest that, crude methanolic extracts of E.agallocha possessed slight to moderate antimicrobial and membrane stabilizing properties.

Fluorinated s-Triazinyl Piperazines as Antimicrobial Agents

2011 ◽  
Vol 66 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 345-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahul V. Patel ◽  
Premlata Kumari ◽  
Kishor H. Chikhalia
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Proteus Vulgaris ◽  
Aspergillus Clavatus ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Triazine Derivatives ◽  
C Nmr

A series of 1,3,5-triazine derivatives that contain 4-amino-2-trifl uoromethyl-benzonitrile, 8-hydroxyquinoline, and different piperazines as substituents at the carbon atoms of the triazine ring have been synthesized by a simple and efficient synthetic protocol. The chemical structures of the compounds were elucidated with the aid of IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The antimicrobial activity of the compounds was tested against seven bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 96, Bacillus cereus MTCC 619, Escherichia coli MTCC 739, Pseudomonas aeruginosa MTCC 741, Klebsiella pneumoniae MTCC 109, Salmonella typhi MTCC 733, Proteus vulgaris MTCC 1771) and four fungi (Aspergillus niger MTCC 282, Aspergillus fumigatus MTCC 343, Aspergillus clavatus MTCC 1323, Candida albicans MTCC 183). The results indicate that some of the novel s-triazines have noteworthy activity in minimum inhibitory concentration as well as agar diffusion tests.

Potential bioactive mononuclear diorganotin(IV) phenoxyacetohydroxamate complexes: synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial evaluation

2018 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vineet Kumar Choudhary ◽  
Abhishek Kumar ◽  
Neeraj Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Distorted Octahedral Geometry ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Concentration Method ◽  
Distorted Octahedral ◽  
Elemental Analyses ◽  
Antimicrobial Evaluation

AbstractThe new diorganotin(IV) complexes of composition [Me2Sn(C6H5OCH2CONHO)2](I) and [n-Bu2Sn(C6H5OCH2CONHO)2](II) have been synthesized by the reactions of Me2SnCl2andn-Bu2SnCl2with potassium phenoxyacetohydroxamate (PhOAHK=C6H5OCH2CONHOK) in 1:2 molar ratio in methanol and benzene solvent medium and characterized by elemental analyses and spectroscopic techniques (infrared,1H nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry). The [O,O coordination] through carbonyl and hydroxamic oxygen atoms and distorted octahedral geometry around the mononuclear tin has been inferred. The electrochemical behavior of complexes studied by the cyclic voltammetric technique has shown quasi-irreversible two-step reduction from tin (IV) to tin (II). Thermal behavior of complexes studied by the thermogravimetric technique in N2atmosphere has yielded SnO as the decomposition product. Thein vitroantimicrobial activity assays against various pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria, namely,Salmonella typhi,Escherichia coli; Gram-positiveBacillus cereusandStaphylococcus aureusand fungiAspergillus nigerandAlternaria alternataby the minimum inhibitory concentration method have shown their potential as promising antimicrobial agents compared to the respective standard chloramphenicol and nystatin drugs.

Enumeration of Plant Species Inhabiting Oil Palm Trees (Elaeis-guineensis) at Zawlpui Plantation Site, Serchhip District, Mizoram

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
Lal awmpuia ◽  
◽  
H. Lalruatsanga ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Palm Trees ◽  
Plant Stem

A survey of plant species inhabiting oil palm trees was conducted in Zawlpui area of Serchhip district, Mizoram. The study area is a tropical potent agriculture zone, wherein small-scale business of Elaeis guineensis plantation is carried out by several farmers mainly within the gentle sloppy terrain. Oil palm with a rough bark harbors immense inhabitation by a variety plants, that rooted mostly on the debris at leaf base. Species diversity on the plant stem supposedly encourage insects and termites to establish herewith, thus causing harming to the tree. The sample stands within 400 m–800 m altitude were picked randomly. A total of 50 palm tree were accounted and all associated plants on the stem above 30 cm from the ground are all recorded. Species that cannot be identified on the site were pressed and observed at Botany Research lab, Pachhunga University College. The survey documented 38 vascular plant species which include 4 epiphytes and 1 non-vascular species of lichen, 1 bryophyte and 4 fungal species at that time. Invasive Peperomia pellucida and epiphytic pteridophytes Nephrolepis biserrata was found in most of the stand sample; however, Peperomia population decreases with the increasing elevation. Dynamics of inhabitant species diversity also correlate to location of tree. The study also established that diversity of inhabiting species was comparatively high on parts of the stem facing sunlight.

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