scholarly journals Evaluation of In Vitro Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Potentials of Crude Methanolic Extracts of Excoecaria agallocha (Leaves)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Md. Abdur Rahman ◽  
Md. Saddam Hussain ◽  
Md. Shalahuddin Millat ◽  
Md. Mizanur Rahman Moghal
Keyword(s):  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Hypotonic Solution ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Excoecaria Agallocha ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

Excoecaria agallocha plant (Leaves) was analyzed to explore In Vitro antimicrobial and membrane stabilizing activities as a crude methanolic extract. Antimicrobial activity was performed against a wide range of Gram positive(+Ve) and Gram negative(-Ve) bacteria by using disc diffusion method and various methanolic extracts of leaves of E.agallocha was tested for determining membrane stabilizing activity at hypotonic solution and heat induce condition and standard acetyl salicylic acid (0.10 mg/mL) was employed as standard. the zones of inhibition created was found to be 1.3 cm at a concentration of 100 µL/ disc in case of Gram negative(-Ve) bacteria Salmonella typhi. The results obtained were compared with that of a standard Ampicillin (10 µL) and imipenem (10µL), penicillin (10µl), cefoxitine(30µl). Crude methanolic extract of 10mg/ml concentration showed maximum value of 17.67±0.0102 and 18.92±0.086% respectively under hypotonic solution and heat induced condition. Thus the result suggest that, crude methanolic extracts of E.agallocha possessed slight to moderate antimicrobial and membrane stabilizing properties.

Antimicrobial activity of Pycnarrhena cauliflora (Miers.) Diels. methanol extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eti Nurwening Sholikhah ◽  
Maulina Diah ◽  
Mustofa ◽  
Masriani ◽  
Susi Iravati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Methanolic Extracts

Pycnarrhena cauliflora (Miers.) Diels., local name sengkubak, is one of indigenous plants from West Kalimantan that has been used as natural flavor. Pycnorrhena cauliflora is one of species of Menispermaceae family which is rich in bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloids. This alkaloids are known to have various biological activities including antiprotozoal, antiplasmodial, antifungal and antibacterial activities. This study aimed to investigate antimicrobial activity of  the P. cauliflora (Miers.) Diels. methanolic extracts against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The methanolic extract of P. cauliflora (Miers.) Diels., root, leaf and stem were prepared by maceration. The disk-diffusion method was then used to determine the antimicrobial activity of the extracts against Streptococcus pyogenes, S. mutants, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Salmonella typhi, Shigella flexneri, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli after 18-24 h incubation at 37 oC. Amoxicillin was used as positive control for gram-positive bacteria and ciprofloxacin was used as gram-negative bacteria. The inhibition zones were then measured in mm. Analysis were conducted in duplicates. The results showed in general the methanolic extracts of P. cauliflora (Miers.) Diels. root (inhibition zone diameter= 10-23 mm) were more active than that leaf (0-15 mm) and stem (0-17 mm) extracts against gram-positive bacteria. The zone inhibition diameter of amoxicillin as positive control was 8-42 mm. In addition, the methanolic extracts of P. cauliflora (Miers.) Diels. root (12-17 mm) were also more active than that leaf (0-12 mm) and stem (0-12 mm) extracts against gram-negative bacteria. The zone inhibition diameter of ciprofloxacin as positive control was 33-36 mm. In conclusion, the methanolic extract of P. caulifloria (Miers.) Diels. root is the most extract active against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Further study will be focused to isolate active compounds in the methanolic extract of the root.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Properties of Catha edulis (Miraa) against Select Bacterial and Fungal Pathogens, an in-vitro Experimental Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Kithinji ◽  
Susan Maina ◽  
Stanley Ndwigah ◽  
Hannington Mugo ◽  
Julius Oyugi
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Isolate ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Catha Edulis ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

Abstract Background: The increasing risk of emergence of antimicrobial resistance can be addressed by discovering alternatives to antibiotics such as plant-based botanicals. In the present study, the antimicrobial properties of aqueous and methanolic extracts of Catha edulis (Miraa) were tested on select pathogenic bacteria and fungi.Methods: Antimicrobial susceptibility tests were conducted in-vitro using the agar well diffusion method. The aqueous and methanolic extracts were dissolved in water to form 1000 mg/ml, 100 mg/ml, and 10 mg/ml doses. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done in appropriate culture media and conditions. Diameters of zones of inhibition were obtained, their means calculated, and t-tests applied to test significance of differences between means. Results: The aqueous Miraa extracts at all three concentrations significantly inhibited the growth of all bacterial pathogens except E. coli but did not have an effect on C. albicans. The largest zones of inhibition for the aqueous extracts were observed at 1000 mg/ml against S. pneumoniae (28.41 mm), S. pyogenes ATCC 19615 (24.27 mm), MRSA (21.86 mm), and S. aureus clinical isolate (20.38 mm). Similarly, the largest zones of inhibition for the methanolic extracts were at 1000 mg/ml against S. pneumoniae clinical isolate (26.75 mm), S. pyogenes ATCC 19615 (25.38 mm), S. aureus clinical isolate (19.71 mm), and MRSA ATCC 43300 (16.38 mm).Conclusions: Crude Miraa extracts have significant antimicrobial effects in vitro against the tested microorganisms. Further studies on Miraa extracts to identify the active phytochemicals and investigate their therapeutic effects in-vivo in animal models are indicated.

scholarly journals Facile synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Averrhoa bilimbi L and Plum extracts and investigation on the synergistic bioactivity using in vitro models

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 873-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Sagadevan ◽  
Selvaraj Vennila ◽  
Preeti Singh ◽  
Jayasingh Anita Lett ◽  
Mohd Rafie Johan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Test Cultures

Abstract The bacterial communities (Gram-negative and Gram-positive) form the biofilms which oppose the mode of action of antibiotics and affecting the immune system of the human. These chronic infections related to biofilm are always hard to be cured because of their inherent resistance to both antimicrobial agents and host defense. The present study is devoted to the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using aqueous extracts of Averrhoa bilimbi leaf and Plum fruit (Prunus bokharensis) and its inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella typhi. Here, AgNPs) were successfully prepared by green synthesis method obtained by the reduction of silver nitrate into silver ions. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis Spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR, FESEM-EDAX and DLS analysis. The antimicrobial effects of the two extract were evaluated by the disk diffusion method. The green synthesized AgNPs exhibited good antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive. They were also analyzed for their significant antibacterial activities against all the test cultures exposed whereas Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi topped among other test cultures. The anti-proliferative activity of phytochemical mediated synthesis of Ag NPs was investigated for their cytotoxicity in Vero and Human epidermoid larynx carcinoma cell lines (HEp-2) based on their viability using MTT assay. The present study also represents the synergistic bioactivity of silver nanoparticles using in vitro models.

scholarly journals Synthesis, characterization, and in vitro antimicrobial investigation of novel pyran derivatives based on 8-hydroxyquinoline

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Rbaa ◽  
Abdelhadi Hichar ◽  
Omar Bazdi ◽  
Younes Lakhrissi ◽  
Khadija Ounine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Background 8-Hydroxyquinoline derivatives are known for their extensive applications in the field of analytical chemistry and separation techniques; their complexes with transition metals also exhibit antibacterial and antifungal activity. Results In the present study, we synthesized a new series of pyranoquinoline derivatives and evaluated their antibacterial activities. The structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance, carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance, and elemental analysis. All the prepared compounds were evaluated in vitro as antimicrobial agents against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains (Escherichia coli (ATCC35218), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC29213), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (ATCC17802), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC27853)). The screening test was determined by using the standard protocol of disc diffusion method (DDM). Conclusion We have synthesized new pyranic compounds bearing an 8-hydroxyquinoline moiety on their structure. The preliminary screening results showed that all the tested compounds have a remarkable inhibitory effect on the growth of the majority of the tested bacterial strains compared to the standard antibiotic (penicillin G), and the chlorinated compound (Q1) is more active against Gram-positive bacteria than Gram-negative bacteria such as the Staphylococcus aureus strain which is the most sensitive. Gram-positive bacteria are responsible for a wide range of infectious diseases, and rising resistance in this group is causing increasing concern. Thus, this study develops novel heterocyclic compound derivatives of 8-hydroxyquinoline that have demonstrated good antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Different Organic Extracts of Achyranthes Aspera and Cassia Alata

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Alam ◽  
M. M. Karim ◽  
Shakila N. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Cassia Alata ◽  
Achyranthes Aspera ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Organic Extracts ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

Extracts in organic solvents (namely methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform) of two medicinal plants - Achyranthes aspera and Cassia alata were evaluated for their antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus. These were carried out by taking the organic extracts of both the leaf and stem parts of the plants at a concentration of 5 mg/ml and their activities were recorded by estimating zones of inhibition as produced by disc-diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar media. While neither the leaf nor stem parts of A. aspera in any organic extractions showed antibacterial activity, the methanolic extracts of both the leaf and stem parts of C. alata exhibited antibacterial activity, but only to B. subtilis and S. typhi, and the corresponding MIC values of the leaf extracts were estimated as 1.25 and 1.5 mg/ml respectively. However, the ethanolic extracts of both the stem and leaf parts were found equally effective only to S. aureus (MIC= 1.25 mg/ml). The corresponding MBC values are reported. Keywords: Achyranthes aspera; Cassia alata; Antibacterial.© 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i2.2298  

Phytochemical characterization, in-vitro antioxidant and an bacterial activities of somes extract of Ammodaucus leucotrichus Coss. & Dur. from Bechar, Algeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 166-172
Author(s):  
Achraf Khaldi ◽  
Abdellah Moussaoui ◽  
Boumedien Meddah
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Bacterial Activity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Agar Dilution Method ◽  
Total Phenol Content ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Dpph Scavenging

The extracts of plants have raised benefit as sources of natural products. They have been examined for their potential uses as alternative solution for the treatment of many infectious diseases. To this end, the present study examines the phytochemical screening, an oxidant and an bacterial properties of crude aqueous, ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts of Ammodaucus leucotrichus Coss. & Dur. seeds growing spontaneously in the Wilaya of Bechar. Phytochemical invesyigation was carried out to determine the possible bioactive components in the extracts of plant . The total phenol content and avonoids were also determined for all extracts. The an oxidant ac vi es were es mated by DPPH scavenging method compared to the ascorbic acid an oxidant. The methanolic extract showed a good scavenging ac vity comparable to ascorbic acid, with an IC50 value of 0.10±0.14 mg/l. An bacterial activity was tested against seven pathogenic strains by using Disc diffusion method and agar dilution method. Among the extracts tested, methanolic extract showed significant an bacterial activity against bacteria with MIC between 0.95 to 6.02 mg/ml. These results are promising and provide scientific that this species can be used as good an oxidant and an bacterial agents.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Gynandropsis gynandra on some Pathogenic Enteric Bacterial Isolates

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Gynandropsis Gynandra

Plants contain many biologically active compounds that have potential for development as medicinal agents. The study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial activities of Gynandropsis gynandra (leaves and stem) and its major bioactive constituents (phytochemicals). The aqueous and ethanol extracts from the leaves and stem of the plant was tested using well Diffusion method for their antimicrobial activity against some members Enterobacteriales family (Escherichia coli, Shigella sp, Klebsiella sp and Salmonella typhi) isolated from diarrheic stool sample from Murtala Muhammad specialist Hospital, Kano. Preliminary phytochemical analyses showed that both stem and leaf extracts contain alkaloids, tannins, terpenoid, Anthraquinones, reducing sugar, amino acid, flavonoids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, resin and phenols. The result shows that the extracts demonstrated higher antibacterial activity against the isolates tested with the average zone of inhibition of 16.60 mm, 16.54 mm, 14.73 mm and 13.95 mm for Shigella sp, E. coli, Klebsiella sp and S. typhi respectively. The result also demonstrated that leaf extract is more effective than the stem extract. The ethanolic extracts of the plant showed higher zones of inhibition against test organisms (17.74 mm) compared to aqueous extracts (13.15 mm). There is no significant different on the susceptibility of the organisms tested against the extracts at p

In-vitro Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Methanolic Extract of Shorea robusta Gaertn. F. Resin

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Sushma Vashisht ◽  
Manish Pal Singh ◽  
Viney Chawla
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Resin Extract

The methanolic extract of the resin of Shorea robusta was subjected to investigate its antioxidant and antibacterial properties its utility in free radical mediated diseases including diabetic, cardiovascular, cancer etc. The methanol extract of the resin was tested for antioxidant activity using scavenging activity of DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil) radical method, reducing power by FeCl3 and antibacterial activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria using disc diffusion method. The phytochemical screening considered the presence of triterpenoids, tannins and flavoniods. Overall, the plant extract is a source of natural antioxidants which might be helpful in preventing the progress of various oxidative stress mediated diseases including aging. The half inhibition concentration (IC50) of resin extract of Shorea robusta and ascorbic acid were 35.60 µg/ml and 31.91 µg/ml respectively. The resin extract exhibit a significant dose dependent inhibition of DPPH activity. Antibacterial activity was observed against gram positive and gram negative bacteria in dose dependent manner.Key Words: Shorea robusta, antioxidant, antibacterial, Disc-diffusion, DPPH.

Phenolic constituents and inhibitory effects of the leaf of Rauvolfia vomitoria Afzel on free radicals, cholinergic and monoaminergic enzymes in rat’s brain in vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olubukola H. Oyeniran ◽  
Adedayo O. Ademiluyi ◽  
Ganiyu Oboh
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Array Detector ◽  
Oh Radicals ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Phenolic Constituents ◽  
Rauvolfia Vomitoria

AbstractObjectivesRauvolfia vomitoria is a medicinal plant used traditionally in Africa in the management of several human diseases including psychosis. However, there is inadequate scientific information on the potency of the phenolic constituents of R. vomitoria leaf in the management of neurodegeneration. Therefore, this study characterized the phenolic constituents and investigated the effects of aqueous and methanolic extracts of R. vomitoria leaf on free radicals, Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation, and critical enzymes linked to neurodegeneration in rat’s brain in vitro.MethodsThe polyphenols were evaluated by characterizing phenolic constituents using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). The antioxidant properties were assessed through the extracts ability to reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+; inhibit ABTS, DPPH, and OH radicals and Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation. The effects of the extracts on AChE and MAO were also evaluated.ResultsThe phenolic characterization of R. vomitoria leaf revealed that there were more flavonoids present. Both aqueous and methanolic extracts of R. vomitoria leaf had inhibitory effects with the methanolic extract having higher significant (p≤0.05) free radicals scavenging ability coupled with inhibition of monoamine oxidases. However, there was no significant (p≤0.05) difference obtained in the inhibition of lipid peroxidation and cholinesterases.ConclusionThis study suggests that the rich phenolic constituents of R. vomitoria leaf might contribute to the observed antioxidative and neuroprotective effects. The methanolic extract was more potent than the aqueous extract; therefore, extraction of R. vomitoria leaf with methanol could offer better health-promoting effects in neurodegenerative condition.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Inhibitory Effects of Punica Granatum Gel on Cariogenic Bacteria: An in vitro Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grazielle Millo ◽  
Apa Juntavee ◽  
Ariya Ratanathongkam ◽  
Natsajee Nualkaew ◽  
Peerapattana, Jomjai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Cariogenic Bacteria ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
Time Kill

ABSTRACT Aim This study evaluated the in vitro antibacterial effects of the formulated Punica granatum (PG) gel against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Lactobacillus casei. Materials and methods The PG extract was dissolved in water at 500 mg/mL. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for identification and quantification of chemical marker punicalagin. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and time-kill assay (TKA) were investigated. Antibacterial activities of the formulated PG gel, 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel and blank gel were tested by measuring the zones of inhibition through agar well diffusion method. Results The HPLC results showed presence of punicalagin at 2023.58 ± 25.29 μg/mL in the aqueous PG extract and at 0.234% (w/w) in the formulated PG gel. The MBC for S. mutans, S. Sanguinis, and L. casei were 250, 125, and 500 mg/mL respectively. The TKA of 500 mg/mL aqueous PG extract showed total inhibition of S. mutans, S. Sanguinis, and L. casei at 6, 1, and 24 hours contact time respectively. Agar well diffusion revealed that for S. mutans, CHX gel > PG gel > blank gel; for S. sanguinis, CHX gel = PG gel > blank gel; for L. casei, CHX gel > PG gel = blank gel. Comparison of the PG gel potency showed that S. sanguinis = S. mutans > L. casei. Conclusion The PG gel equivalent to 0.234% punicalagin (w/w) inhibited S. mutans and S. sanguinis but not L. casei within 24 hours incubation period and has the potential to be used for caries prevention. How to cite this article Millo G, Juntavee A, Ratanathongkam A, Nualkaew N, Peerapattana J, Chatchiwiwattana S. Antibacterial Inhibitory Effects of Punica Granatum Gel on Cariogenic Bacteria: An in vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2017;10(2):152-157.

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