scholarly journals Genetic Diversity Analysis in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Based on Morphological Traits

2021 ◽  
pp. 244-250
Author(s):  
Venugopala Reddy M. ◽  
P. Venkatesha Murthy ◽  
Srinivasappa K. N. ◽  
B. G. Hanumantharaya ◽  
A. Mohan Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Female Flower ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Internodal Length ◽  
Node Number

Evaluation of fifteen diverse genotypes of cucumber was carried out in a randomized complete block design for studying genetic divergence. Presence of wide genetic diversity, among the genotypes studied was confirmed by using Mahalanobis D2 statistics. Based on the interactions genetic distances of cucumber genotypes had grouped into five separate clusters inferring that the genetic divergence between them was quite high. The germplasm were so divergent, that only six genotypes were grouped in cluster V and three genotypes in each cluster I and III. The two genotypes SKY/AC-270-613481 and JB/11-091-613462 were grouped as cluster II and the genotype Tripura local was so divergent in all the characters that they were allotted as a separate group as cluster IV. Cluster mean analysis proclaimed that, genotypes in cluster I recorded maximum value for vine length (3.36 m), number of leaves per plant (43.85), number of branches per plant (12.98), leaf area (144.71 cm2), number of female flowers per plant (20.30), fruiting period (52.20 days), fruit set (89.10 %), average fruit weight (214.72 g), number of fruits per plant (19.00), fruit yield per plant (2.50 kg), fruit yield per ha (31.23 t/ha), rind thickness (2.79 mm) and flesh thickness (3.02 cm), whereas, same cluster I recorded minimum value for traits viz., internodal length (6.55 cm), days to appearance of first male flower (30.34 days), days to appearance of first female flower (31.81 days), node number at which first female flower appeared (4.00), days to first harvest (41.22 days) and number of seeds per fruit (211.69) which are negatively desirable characters in the crop production and crop improvement programme.

scholarly journals Studies on Genetic Divergence for Yield and Quality Traits in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

2020 ◽  
pp. 136-143
Author(s):  
Om Prakash Kumawat ◽  
Udit Kumar ◽  
Satish Kumar Singh ◽  
Sooraj Maurya ◽  
Sooraj Maurya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Female Flower ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Clustering Pattern ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Genetic divergence analysis, using Mahalanobis D2 statistics, was carried out in twenty one cucumber genotypes including one check for fourteen characters. All the characters under study showed considerable divergence and the genotypes were grouped into four clusters. The clustering pattern had no parallelism between genetic diversity and geographical distribution, suggesting that the selection of parental genotypes for hybridization will be more appropriate based on genetic diversity. Cluster III contained the maximum (5) number of genotypes, whereas remaining all clusters I, II and IV contained similar (4) genotypes. The Intra-cluster distance was maximum (306.685) in cluster III whereas, it was minimum (163.11) in cluster II. Maximum average inter-cluster distance (1439.432) was recorded between cluster IV and cluster V, suggesting the greater chances of getting superior hybrids in F1 or transgressive segregants in subsequent generations. Genotypes in cluster IV were superior in node number of first female flower, days to first flowering, shelf-life, TSS, fruit length, fruit weight and fruit yield per plant. Cluster V had superiority in terms of vine length and number of seeds per fruit. Fruit weight, TSS, number of seeds per fruit, node number of first female flower, shelf-life, days to first harvest and days to first flowering contributed towards genetic divergence.

scholarly journals Unlocking Genetic Diversity in Selected Chickpea Genotypes Using Morphological and Molecular Markers

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Rupsanatan Mandal ◽  
Suprakash Pal ◽  
Nonigopal Shit
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Genetic Maps ◽  
Quantitative Character ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Improvement Program

Proficiency and organization of the genetic variability in cultivated and wild relatives are pivotal for a particular crop improvement program. In the present scenario there has been noteworthy improvement in the development of novel genetic tools such as DNA or molecular markers and genetic maps profiling techniques. In this study, seven chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) genotypes including some cultivars were considered (Collection Id of the seven genotypes are TZCP-1, TZCP-2, TZCP-3, TZCP-4, TZCP-5, TZCP-6 and TZCP-7). The experiment was conducted out in Random Complete Block Design (RCBD) having three replications. All the quantitative characters were collected for assessing the diversity and to find key characters in chickpea cultivars. The statistical analysis was done for all the quantitative character (viz. plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pod per plant, number of seeds per pod, test weight, seed length, seed width, days to 50% flowering, days to 50% maturity and grain yield). Analysis of variance divulged significant differences among the genotypes for all the 10 characters. An extensive range of diversity was displayed by most of the characters under study. The magnitude of phenotypic coefficient of variation (1.23% - 33.71%) in the present study was slightly wider than genotypic coefficient of variation (1.13% - 33.02%) suggesting that environmental factors have high contribution to the observed variation among chickpea accessions. The first four PC axes from the principal component analysis accounted for 91.63% of the multivariate variation among entries indicating a moderate degree of correlation among characters for these entries. The genotypic data generated through RAPD profiling of seven chickpea genotypes were used to study genetic diversity or interrelationship. The pair wise Jaccard’s similarity coefficient ranged from 0.47 (TZCP-3 and TZCP-5) to 0.87 (TZCP-2 and TZCP-4). Finally, this research work helped with the analysis of genetic diversity in chickpea by using different approaches such as morphological and molecular marker system.

scholarly journals Correlation and path-coefficient analysis in Ramnad Mundu chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) for yield and quality traits

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
J. Phani Kumar ◽  
P. Paramaguru ◽  
T. Arumugam ◽  
N. Manikanda Boopathi ◽  
K. Venkatesan
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Direct Selection ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
Path Coefficient Analysis ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L ◽  
Positive Direct

The present investigation was conducted to find the correlation and path-coefficient analysis for yield and yield contributing characters in Ramnad Mundu chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) during Kharif 2018-19. The experiment was conducted on Forty-seven Mundu chilli genotypes for 15 characters, which was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with two replications. From correlation study dry fruit yield per plant showed highly positive correlation with number of fruits per plant (0.971 G, 0.894 P), ripened fruit yield per plant (0.991 G, 0.949 P), number of seeds per fruits (0.383 G, 0.32 P), 1000 seed weight (0.369 G, 0.332 P), capsaicin % (0.302 G, 0.256 P) and number of primary branches per plant (0.267 G, 0.251 P) at both genotypic and phenotypic level. Path-coefficient analysis of different characters contributing towards the highest positive direct effect via number of fruits per plant (0.973), ripened fruit yield per plant (0.991), no. of seeds per fruit (0.383), 1000 seed weight (0.364), capsaicin % (0.302) and number of primary branches per plant (0.267). Hence, direct selection based on these characters would be effective in crop improvement through plant breeding in Mundu chilli.

scholarly journals Study of heterosis and combining ability for earliness and vegetative traits in Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 999-1005
Author(s):  
Rajni Tiwari ◽  
Dinesh Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Female Flower ◽  
General Combining Ability ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Cucumis Sativus L ◽  
Node Number ◽  
Vegetative Traits ◽  
Significant Yield

The present investigation was undertaken to investigate the extent of heterosis and combining ability on earliness, vegetative traits and yield of Cucumber. A field experiment was designed in line x tester mating design with 11 parents (including 8 parthenocarpic lines namely Pant parthenocarpic cucumber-2, Pant parthenocarpic cucumber-3, Nun-3139, Nun-3121, Nun-3141, Infifnity, Isatis, Kian, and 3 monoecious testers namely PCUC-8, PCUC-15, Pant Kheera -1 {also known as PCUC-28}) and their 24 F1 hybrids to work out the heterosis and combining ability for earliness and yield characters. All traits pertinent to earliness and yield showed significant values for heterosis and combining ability. Appreciable heterosis in desirable direction was found over better parent and check parent by the cross PCUCP-3 x PCUC-15 for earliness characters viz. days to first female flower (-71.18 & -70.31), days to first harvest (-3.40 & -22.01) whereas Cross Kian x PCUC-15 showed maximum number of fruits per plant (8.36 & 106.35) and fruit yield (86.34 & 210.74 respectively). The crosses PCUCP-3 x PCUC-15 and Nun-3139 x PCUC-8 showed significant specific combining ability for earliness and yield characters. Cross Nun-3139 x PCUC-8 showed significant yield regarding heterosis and SCA. Regarding general combining ability for earliness parent Isatis and for yield characters parent Kian stood in top. Cross Nun-3139 x PCUC-8 showed Maximum specific combining ability for node number to first female flower (-0.98), number of fruits per plant (3.39) and fruit yield (220.57).

GENETIC DIVERSITY OF EXTRA-EARLY YELLOW MAIZE HYBRIDS UNDER STRIGA ENVIRONMENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 302-308
Author(s):  
Abdulwahab Saliu Shaibu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

The success of any breeding program depends on the ability to determine germplasm diversity and genetic relationships among breeding materials. Genetic diversity is an invaluable aid in crop improvement. This study was carried out to determine the genetic diversity among 70 extra-early yellow maize hybrids under Striga environments. Cluster and principal component (PC) analyses were used to determine the genetic diversity of the hybrids. Data on morphological and agronomical data were collected. The experiment was set up in two locations (Abuja and Mokwa) in a randomized incomplete block design experiment with two replications. A significant difference was observed among the hybrids in all the traits studied and a significant genotype × environment interaction was observed for all traits except for plant height, anthesis silking interval and Striga count at 8 and 10 WAP. The principal component reveals that the first three components account for 86% variability. PC1 gave maximum variability (43%) and was loaded with PC1 and the first four PCs can be utilized in hybridization programs. The principal component biplot reveals the relationship among traits and the distance of each variable in determining variability among hybrids. The cluster diagram reveals five distinct groups. Group IV consisted of Striga tolerant hybrids and group I consisted of susceptible hybrids. Both principal component and cluster analysis revealed the genetic diversity among the hybrids and identified genotypes that were Striga tolerant and could be selected as choice of parental materials to develop Striga resistant materials

Genetic Divergence in Sunnhemp [Crotalaria juncea (L.)]

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Desai Tarjani B. ◽  
Madhu Bala ◽  
R.K. Patel
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Cluster Distance

Background: Sunnhemp is a very important green manuring crop. The crop is utilized for various purposes like reducing soil erosion, improving soil properties and recycling plant nutrients. The knowledge regarding the crop is still not exploited, due to lack of research in this crop. So, the present study was conducted to know the extent of genetic diversity present in the crop. From the divergence analysis, it may be concluded that the genotypes belonging to different clusters separated by high estimated statistical distance may be used in the hybridization programme for developing high green biomass yielding sunnhemp varieties. Methods: A field experiment was conducted at the research farm of Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat with thirty sunnhemp genotypes to know the extent of genetic diversity by D2 analysis in a randomized block design during late Kharif 2017.Result: The analysis was conducted for D2 analysis and was concluded from D2 analysis that, the characters viz., days to 50% flowering, fresh weight of root nodules per plant, fresh weight of plant, root nodules per plant, leaf length, root length, dry weight of root nodules per plant, C: N ratio, internodes per plant, plant height and stem diameter contributed towards the genetic divergence. Traits like primary branches per plant and leaf area didn’t contribute towards genetic divergence. The thirty genotypes were grouped into seven clusters following Tocher’s method (Rao, 1952). The cluster III was largest having eleven genotypes. Cluster IV and cluster II was second largest which contained seven and five genotypes respectively. Cluster I and cluster V contained three and two genotypes respectively Cluster VI and VII had only one genotype. The intra cluster distance was more in cluster III and the inter cluster distance was maximum between cluster V and cluster VII.

Genetic Diversity Assessment and its Importance on Crop improvement in Ethiopia: Potentials and challenges

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Obssi Dessalegn Hora ◽  
Abebaw Misganaw Amebaw
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Germplasm Conservation ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Diversity Assessment

Genetic diversity assessments of plant play a great role in a predictable area to improve agricultural production and productivity, to solve food uncertainty in developing world.  Many breeders has tried to  realized that crop with diverge genetic diversity  can be assessed , evaluated ,captured and stored in the form of superior  plant  genetic resources  such as gene bank, DNA library to  preserve genetic material for long period. However, the conserved genetically diversified plant must be utilized to improve crop production in order to solve future food and nutritional challenges. This paper reviews eight important areas; (i) Gaps in Developing Taxonomy of Ethiopian crops (ii) Monitoring diversity for crop improvement, (iii) Alterations in landscape features, (iv) Significance of Germplasm Conservation of crops, (v) Gap in morphological characterization, (vi) Global perspective of agro biodiversity and molecular evolution, (vii) Emergence of tissue culture technology in Ethiopia (viii) Germplasm improvement. It provides basic enlightenment for plant breeders for better understanding and rapid diversity assessment of crop, for better understanding and utilization of germplasm from gene banks to their applied breeding programs. With the advent of new biotechnological techniques, this process of conventional breeding is now being accelerated and carried out with more precision and speedy manner than the classical breeding techniques by using molecular markers to avoid taxonomic confusion. For sustainable food production, conventional plant breeding research should have integration with molecular marker assisted evaluation of crops genetic diversity and/or cultivar improvement will be achieved. As a result, availability and access to diverse genetic sources will ensure that the global food production network becomes more sustainable. The merit and demerit of the basic morphological characterizations are briefly discussed and their source links were provided to get easy access; thus, it improves the understanding of modern molecular tools and its practical applicability to the breeders. 

scholarly journals GENETIC DIVERGENCE IN ASH GOURD (Benincasa hispida Thunb.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Afroze ◽  
M. G. Rasul ◽  
A. K. M. Aminul Islam ◽  
M. A. K. Mian ◽  
T. Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Geographical Isolation ◽  
Benincasa Hispida ◽  
Cluster Distance ◽  
Total Divergence ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Ash Gourd

Genetic divergence among 46 ash gourd genotypes from different origins was investigated to select the parents for hybridization using Mahalanobis D2 statistics. Though the genotypes grouped into seven clusters, the pattern of distribution of the genotypes into different clusters were random indicating that the geographical isolation was not always related to genetic diversity. Characters like fruit weight, fruits per plant, days to first male flower and nodes for first male flower contributed considerably to the total divergence. Maximum inter-cluster distance between cluster III and IV indicating wide genetic divergence between the genotypes of these two clusters (cluster III and IV followed by cluster IV and VII). However, the intra-cluster distances were smaller than inter-cluster distances. Thus, crossing between the genotypes of these two groups (cluster III and IV) would produce high heterotic progeny and may produce new recombinants with desired traits.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v20i1.17014

scholarly journals Genetic variability, heritability and genetic advance in bottle gourd [Lagenaria siceraria (molina) standl.] genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-203
Author(s):  
M VENKATRAMAN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Sex Ratio ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Female Flower ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Bottle Gourd ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Lagenaria Siceraria ◽  
Randomized Block Design

An experiment was carried out to analyze genetic variability for yield and its contributing characters in 35 bottle gourd genotypes in randomized block design with three replications to assess the nature and magnitude of association among yield and its contributing traits in bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria). Results indicated that PCV and GCV were high (more than 20%), sex ratio for PCV was 34.19 % and GCV registered as 24.79 per cent, respectively. Moderate PCV (14.28,16.10) and GCV (13.78,13.43) were recorded for vine length and primary branches, respectively. The high genetic advance as per cent of mean along with high heritability was obtained for vine length (0.93%), fruit length (0.87%), fruit width (0.76%), primary branches (0.69%), fruits per vine (0.59 %), sex ratio (0.52%), fruit yield (0.44%), days to first female flower anthesis (0.42%), node at first female flower appears (0.41%), days to first harvest (0.40%), fruit thickness (0.37%), days to first male flower anthesis (0.37%), fruit weight (0.35%) and node at first male flower appears (0.20%).

scholarly journals Growth and yield response of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) to fertilizer types and times of application in the southern guinea savanna agro-ecozone of Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-366
Author(s):  
Kola Fasakin ◽  
Ade Afe ◽  
Nurat Saka
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Immature Fruit

A field study was carried out at the Kwara State University Teaching and Research Farm, Malete, to evaluate the response of vegetative growth and immature fruit yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) to three fertilizer types and three times of application. The fertilizer types, used at the rate of 60 kgN/ha, were Kwasu organic-based fertilizer type 2 (KOBF-2), Aleshinloye organo-mineral fertilizer grade A (AOMF-A), and inorganic NPK 15- 15-15 fertilizer (NPK), each applied at planting time, 2 weeks after planting (WAP), and 4 WAP. The trial was laid out in a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement in a randomized complete block design and replicated three times. All the data collected were subjected to analysis of variance, using the SAS statistical package, and the treatment means were separated using Duncan?s Multiple Range Test at 5% probability level. The result indicated no significant differences in plant height, number of leaves/plant, number of fruits/plant, and the average length of the fruits between fertilizer types and application times. However, there were significant differences in leaf area/plant at 6WAP and fruit yield. Irrespective of the times of application, KOBF-2 gave significantly higher immature fruit yield (2.84 t/ha) than NPK (1.93 t/ha) and AOMF-A (1.72 t/ha). The results thus suggest that the new organic-based fertilizer formulated in this study (KOBF) deserves incorporation into national fertilizer programs for sustainable crop production.

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