scholarly journals Larvicidal Activity of Some Plants Extracts and Their Partitioned Fractions against Culex quinquefasciatus

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Funmilayo G. Famuyiwa ◽  
Francis B. Adewoyin ◽  
Oluyemi J. Oladiran ◽  
Oluwatosin R. Obagbemi
Keyword(s):  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Powdered Material ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Fruit Extract ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Highly Active

Aim: The methanol extracts of fifteen plants and their partitioned fractions were screened for larvicidal activity against the fourth instar of larvae Culex quinquefasciatus, the vector of lymphatic filariasis with a view to identifying the active ones. Methodology: The plant parts were collected, separately dried and milled. Each powdered material was extracted in methanol at room temperature for 3 days, with agitation. The extract was filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Each extract was tested against the fourth instar larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus. The methanol extracts were suspended in water and successively partitioned into n-hexane and ethylacetate. Each partitioned fraction was also tested against the fourth instar larvae of Cx. quinquefasciatus. Results: About fifty six percent (56.3%) of the tested extracts had moderate larvicidal activity after 48 hours. The fruit extract of Thevetia neriifolia and the leaf extracts of Calotropis procera and Solanum macrocarpon were the most active. After partitioning the methanol extracts, each of the plant extracts had one or two highly active partitioned fractions after 48 hours. The n-hexane fractions of S. macrocarpon (0.78 ± 0.03 mg/mL) and Spondias mombin (0.81 ± 0.03 mg/mL) were the most active. Conclusion: The non-polar fractions of S. macrocarpon and S. mombin were the most active. Purification of these highly active fractions could lead to the isolation of potent larvicidal compounds that could be used in the control of Cx. quinquefasciatus mosquito.

scholarly journals LARVICIDAL ACTIVITY OF LANTANA INDICA AND VITEX NEGUNDO ON CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 414
Author(s):  
Rathnasagar K ◽  
Thiyagaraj Anand
Keyword(s):  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Vitex Negundo ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Sterol Binding

Objectives: The activity of two different leaf extracts of Lantana indica and Vitex negundo is tested against the 3rd and 4th instar Culex quinquefasciatus larvae to evaluate the potency of the extracts as a larvicide and to find an ecologically sustainable alternative to chemical insecticides. A bioinformatics screening approach was performed to evaluate the in vivo results.Methods: The obtained larvae’s from nearby water sources were tested with N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET) as the positive control which is the commercial chemical mosquito repellent and the solvents used for the respective plant extracts act as the negative control. Petroleum ether (PE), ethyl acetate (EA) and an aqueous (AQ) extract were prepared for both L. indica and V. negundo extracts, and its larvicidal activity was tested. A docking based approach was used to study the inhibitory effect of known active compounds from L. indica and V. negundo against acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and sterol binding protein as targets.Results: On comparing the results between three plants extract for its larvicidal activity, the EA extract of V. negundo and L. indica is found to be potent with a low LC50 value. Further, the docking studies between active compounds of L. indica and V. negundo with AChE and Sterol binding protein as targets showed that the compound tangeritin-1 had a good docking score compared to DEET and could be a natural alternative for larvicidal activity in the mosquito.Conclusion: Individual activity of tangeritin-1 could be further studied with mosquito mortality studies and molecular simulations and develop tangeritin-1 as a potential larvicidal compound for commercial use.

Comparative Evaluation of the Larvicidal Properties of Methanol Extracts and Fractions of Ocimum gratissimum L. and Ocimum basilicum L. Leaves (Lamiaceae) on the Fourth Instar Larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus L. and Control of Filariasis

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-31
Author(s):  
Romanus A. Umoh ◽  
Imoh I. Johnny ◽  
Anwanabasi E. Udoh ◽  
Akwaowoh A. Elijah ◽  
Omodot T. Umoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Ocimum Basilicum ◽  
Fourth Instar ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
And Control

Background: Botanical insecticides may serve as suitable alternatives to synthetic insecticides because they contain bioactive chemicals. They are relatively safe, biodegradable and readily available in many areas of the world. Objective: The aim of this study is to comparatively evaluate the larvicidal properties of methanol extracts and fractions of Ocimum gratissimum and Ocimum basilicum leaves on fourth instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus, the vector of filariasis. Methods: The plants were identified, collected, air-dried and pulverized. The powdered leaves were macerated in 100% redistilled methanol for 72 hours, filtered and concentrated to thick extracts. After the preliminary work was done as activity-guided process, the crude extracts were partitioned into different solvents and again concentrated to thick fractions. The percentage yields were calculated and recorded. The larvae were collected from a location at Ewet Housing Estate, Uyo, Akwa Ibom State. Toxicity was evaluated by exposing fourth instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus to a concentration range of 0.0625 to 1.000mg/mL of the methanol crude extracts and fractions. The larval mortalities were recorded after 24 hours of exposure and LC50 values were determined using the non-linear regression analysis of a statistical package graph pad prism®. Results: The results of percentage mortalities of methanol crude extracts ranged from 2.5±0.50 to 67.50±1.05% for O. gratissimum and 2.5±0.50 to 100±0.00% for O. basilicum with their LC50 of 0.79mg/mL and 0.18mg/mL respectively.  The solvent partitioned fractions also showed that the percentage mortalities of n-hexane and chloroform of O. gratissimum ranged from 5±1.00% to 100±0.00% and 17.5±1.5% to 97.5±0.5% with their LC50 of 0.29mg/mL and 0.32 mg/mL respectively, while those of O. basilicum ranged from 0.25±0.5% to 100±0.00% for n-hexane and 7.5±0.5% to 92.5±1.5% for chloroform fractions with their LC50 of 0.42mg/mL and 0.39 mg/mL compared to that of Nicotine (positive control) with LC50 of 0.01mg/mL with a percentage mortality range of 10±1.00 to 100±0.00%.  Conclusion: O. basilicum leaf methanol crude extract was more than four times active than that of O. gratissimum, but n-hexane and chloroform solvent partitioned fractions of O. gratissimum were more active than those of O. basilicum considering their percentage mortalities and LC50.                   Hence, both methanol crude extracts of O. basilicum and n-hexane fraction of O. gratissimum     have greater potentials as larvicides which can also be used in the control of C. quinquefasciatus larvae.

scholarly journals Effect of stalk and leaf extracts from Euphorbiaceae species on Aedes aegypti (Diptera, Culicidae) larvae

2006 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 211-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Goretti Araújo de Lima ◽  
Ismália Cassandra Costa Maia ◽  
Bruna Dantas de Sousa ◽  
Selene Maia de Morais ◽  
Sílvia Maria Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Variance Analysis ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Tukey Test ◽  
Different Parts

The objective of this study was to evaluate the larvicidal activity of essential oil aqueous solutions (hydrolates) obtained by steam distillation of stalks and leaves of Croton argyrophylloides, Croton nepetaefolius, Croton sonderianus and Croton zehntneri against Aedes aegypti larvae. Twenty-five larvae of third instar were placed in plastic beckers, containing the hydrolates (50 mL), in a four repetitions scheme. Water was used as control and the number of dead larvae was counted after 24 hours. The data obtained were submitted to Variance Analysis and Tukey test. Significant differences were observed among the hydrolates from different species and from different parts of each plant (p < 0.001). The hydrolates of stalk and leaf from C. nepetaefolius and C. zehntneri and leaf hydrolate of C. argyrophylloides presented 100% mortality against larvae. The compounds present in C. zenhtneri and C. nepetaefolius are oxygenated phenylpropanoids that are more soluble in water than the monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes detected in the oils of C. argyrophylloides and C. sonderianus. This study showed that all species analyzed presented compounds with larvicidal properties, with differences between each plant parts.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the insecticidal activity of the methanol extracts of Calotropis procera (Asclepiadaceae) and Albizia lebbeck (Mimosaceae) on larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Modo Marc ◽  
Bakwo Fils Eric Moïse ◽  
Tatsimo Ndendoung Simplice Joël ◽  
Tamesse Joseph Lebel
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Insecticidal Activity ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Albizia Lebbeck ◽  
Vector Borne Diseases ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
Positive Controls

Abstract Background Vector-borne diseases are mostly transmitted by mosquitoes. Therefore, these mosquitoes constitute a socio-economic scourge. Due to the resistance of mosquitoes to synthetic chemical insecticides and the pollution they generate, this study was conducted to assess the larvicidal activity of plant crude extracts on larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus. Results Bioassays performed on larvae shown that the extract of Calotropis procera at 0.6 mg/mL recorded the highest mortality rate of 100% for L1, L2 and L3. However, the extract of Albizia lebbeck at 0.7 mg/mL recorded the highest mortality rate of 100% for all the four stages of larvae. Negative and positive controls recorded 16% and 100% mortalities, respectively, after 24 h of exposure. The extract of Calotropis procera recorded LC50 values as follows: 0.194, 0.251, 0.258 and 0.284 mg/mL for L1, L2, L3 and L4, respectively. The LC90 of Calotropis procera were: 0.340, 0.433, 0.444 and 0.502 mg/mL for L1, L2, L3 and L4, respectively. In contrast, the extract of Albizia lebbeck recorded the following LC50: 0.238, 0.264, 0.290 and 0.316 mg/mL for L1, L2, L3 and L4, respectively. Also, its LC90 were: 0.456, 0.498, 0.531 and 0.580 mg/mL, respectively, to L1, L2, L3 and L4. Conclusion The larvicidal bioassays performed revealed that these plant extracts have significant larvicidal properties. In the framework of fighting against vector-borne diseases, these two plants constitute alternative products to control mosquitoes.

scholarly journals STUDIES ON THE LARVICIDAL EFFICACY OF LEAF EXTRACT OF VITEX NEGUNDO AGAINST CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS

2019 ◽  
pp. 40-43
Author(s):  
POONGUZALI J ◽  
KALAIVANI M
Keyword(s):  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Mosquito Control ◽  
Vitex Negundo ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Repeated Use

Objective: Mosquitoes are one of the most significant vectors among arthropods. Infection due to mosquito plays a major health problem in developing countries. Repeated use of synthetic insecticides for mosquito control has disrupted natural biological control systems and led to resurgences in mosquito populations. Plants may be an alternative source of mosquito control, potential as insecticide. Controlling of mosquitoes at the larval stage is easy, as target specificity of the larvicide used can be ensured. Methods: The present study has assessed the role of larvicidal activity of aqueous, chloroform, and methanol leaf extracts of Vitex negundo plant against first, second, third, and fourth instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus. Mortality rates were recorded after 24 h and 48 h to evaluate the larvicidal activity against C. quinquefasciatus. Results: Among the three extracts, the methanol extract was found to be the most effective providing 86.67% mortality at 200 ppm concentration against the larvae of C. quinquefasciatus, when compared with aqueous and chloroform extracts, where the mortality rate is 83.33% and 70.00%, respectively. Conclusions: The results therefore clearly indicate that V. negundo leaf extracts possess larvicidal activity against the larvae and could be a possible source of mosquito larvicides.

scholarly journals ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SOME FOLK MEDICINAL PLANTS USED IN RAJASTHAN AGAINST SELECTED PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Maya Verma ◽  
Ashwani Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Phyllanthus Niruri ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Highly Active

Objective: To investigate the antibacterial efficacy of methanol extracts of leaves and roots of B. diffusa, Eclipta alba, Phyllanthus niruri and Ricinus communis.Methods: The antimicrobial efficacy of methanol extracts of some medicinal plants was evaluated by agar well diffusion method against selected pathogenic bacterial strains. Gram+ve strains (S. aureus, B. subtilis) were tested and Gram-ve strains tested were (E. coli, S. typhii and K. pneumoniae). Antifungal activity against was tested.Results: B. diffusa and P. niruri leaf extract showed highest antibacterial activity against S. aureus and S. typhii. Leaf extract of P. niruri and R. communis showed highest antifungal activity against A. niger and C. albicans respectivelyConclusion: The methanolic leaf extracts of B. diffusa and P. niruri were highly active against S. aureus and S. typhii.

scholarly journals Larvicidal activity of Dregea volubilis and Bombax malabaricum leaf extracts against the filarial vector Culex quinquefasciatus

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 436-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emdad Hossain ◽  
Anjali Rawani ◽  
Goutam Chandra ◽  
Subhash C. Mandal ◽  
Jayanta Kumar Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Filarial Vector

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF RESISTANCE IN TEN GENERATIONS OF CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS (SAY, 1823) EXPOSED TO METHANOLIC LEAF EXTRACT OF CALOTROPIS PROCERA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-237
Author(s):  
S. B. Adamu ◽  
Gudzan Sow ◽  
I. S. Ndams
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Alternative Control ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Larvicidal Activities ◽  
Parent Generation

Mosquitoes constitute a serious Public Health menace, resulting in millions of death worldwide each year. Emergence of insecticide resistant strains of the mosquitoes poses a serious threat and hence calls for alternative control measures. This study assessed the larvicidal efficacy of the methanolic leaf extract of Calotropis procera against the 3rd instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus, after ten generations for 24 hours of exposure. Larvicidal activities of the leaf of the plant were studied on laboratory reared larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus at concentration ranges of 15 mg/L to 19 mg/L. The LC50 values were obtained from Probit analysis at 95% confidence limit (CL). Results of the study indicated that the LC50 values obtained from the parent generation (F0) to the tenth generation (F10) were; 15.79 mg/L, 16.58 mg/L, 17.29 mg/L, 18.07 mg/L, 18.95 mg/L, 19.99 mg/L, 20.65 mg/L, 21.18 mg/L, 22.80 mg/L, 25.16 mg/L and 32.98 mg/L respectively at 24hours. A higher efficacy of activity was exhibited by the extract at the parent generation (F0) with lowest LC50 of 15.97 mg/L at 24h.  The results of this research therefore underscore the efficacy of the plant and further suggest the use of the leaf extracts of Calotropis procera in the control of mosquito vectors and indirectly to the diseases they vectored.

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