scholarly journals Role of Ascorbate–Glutathione (AsA–GSH) Pathways in Phytophthora Leaf Blight Disease Resistance in Taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott)

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-75
Author(s):  
Yumnam Indrani Devi ◽  
Madhumita Dasgupta ◽  
Joydip Mandal ◽  
Manas Ranjan Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Colocasia Esculenta ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Resistant Lines ◽  
Infection Spot ◽  
Reliable Parameter ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Blight Disease

Taro (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) is one of the important staple vegetable crops grown worldwide for its nutritious corms, leaves, and pseudostems. Taro invaded by leaf blight disease caused by Phytophthora colocasiae Racib. (Pc) resulted in 50% yield loss. On the other hand, inherent defense mechanisms of taro encounter the invaders to protect the plant from Pc invasion. The ascorbate–glutathione (AsA–GSH) pathways play an essential role in scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), a common phenomenon in plant–pathogen interaction. The present study focused on AsA–GSH regulations of thirty genotypes of taro under induced Pc infection. RCMC–5, among the tested taro genotypes, registered consistently higher induction of AsA, GSH, Ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR), and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) to encounter the Pc infection and overproduction of ROS. However, glutathione reductase (GR) was more prominent in DP–25, Jhankri, and TSL. AsA–GSH encounters the ROS overproduction, which was confirmed with lower H2O2 (0.20 µM g–1 FW) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content (20.10 nM g–1 FW) in resistant genotypes (RCMC–5) subsequently resulted in lower Pc infection (spot diameter, <2.0 cm and sporangia, <2). RCMC–5 could be one of the lines of interest in taro breeding programs for developing Pc resistant lines. AsA–GSH cycle could be a reliable parameter while selecting resistant lines for augmenting breeding strategies in taro against Phytophthora.

scholarly journals Severity of Phytophthora leaf blight disease and susceptibility of two local varieties of Colocasia to Phytophthora colocasiae Raciborski in Nsukka zone of South Eastern Nigeria

Bio-Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 1286-1296
Author(s):  
Faustina Njideka Ugwuja ◽  
Chiemeka Nwakaego Onaebi ◽  
Nneka Virginia Chiejina ◽  
Kelvin Ikechukwu Ugwuoke
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Colocasia Esculenta ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Local Varieties ◽  
Potted Plants ◽  
Phytophthora Colocasiae ◽  
Blight Disease

Leaf-blight disease of Colocasia caused by Phytophthora colocasiae Raciborski has been a serious impediment to cocoyam production in Nigeria. Disease severity and susceptibility of the two most cultivated local varieties “Ugwuta” (Colocasia esculenta var. antiquorum) and “Nkashi Colocasia esculenta var. esculenta) were investigated. Disease severity was visually estimated as the percentage leaf surface affected by blight, lesion or lesion-related chlorosis for each leaf of a plant using a seven-point scale of 0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100% in three locations: Ede-Oballa, Nsukka Urban and Obukpa. Susceptibility was assessed on 2 months old potted plants of each variety inoculated with a 7-day old culture of P. colocasiae. Diameters of lesions on inoculated leaves were recorded from the 3rd - 8th day after inoculation.  Data on severity were subjected to ANOVA and susceptibility of the varieties was compared with t-test. Results revealed significant LSD=4.96 (0.05) and varying degrees of leaf blight severity among varieties and locations. Variety antiquorum had significantly higher severities of 42.08, 46.40 and 47.42% at Ede-Oballa, Nsukka Urban and Obukpa respectively, compared to 34.85, 36.55 and 28.19% recorded by var. esculenta at these locations, respectively. Similarly, var. antiquorum had greater lesion diameter ranging from 0.65±0.07 cm - 3.70±0.14 cm and average diameter of 2.4±0.16cm compared to var. esculenta which had 0.41±0.14cm - 3.12±0.19 cm and average diameter of 1.80±0.16. This research has shown that varieties and locations affect the severity and susceptibility of Phytophthora leaf blight disease. This could be a guide to farmers having known that var. esculenta is less severe to Phytophthora leaf blight disease.

Cultural and physiological characteristics ofStemphylium lycopersicicausing leaf blight disease on vegetable crops

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (14) ◽  
pp. 1658-1665 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Nasehi ◽  
Jugah Bin Kadir ◽  
Mehdi Nasr Esfahani ◽  
Farshid Mahmodi ◽  
Elham Golkhandan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Blight Disease

scholarly journals Improvement in the Management of Leaf Blight Disease of Taro (Colocasia esculenta) with Copper and Metalaxyl Fungicides

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
Edmund Omane ◽  
K. Asare Oduro ◽  
Eric W. Cornelius ◽  
Andrews Y. Akrofi ◽  
Eric K. Asare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yield Loss ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Field Evaluation ◽  
Colocasia Esculenta ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Resistant Varieties ◽  
Blight Disease

Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) is an important staple food crop for millions of people in developing countries. Taro production is constrained by many diseases of which leaf blight, caused by Phytophthora colocasiae Raciborski, is the most destructive and it accounts for up to 80% yield loss of taro in many countries. In Ghana, the disease accounts for 25 – 50% yield loss. Non-sustainability of cultural control method and the use of resistant varieties have compelled some farmers to abandon their fields while others have converted their farms to dry season vegetable farming. In this study, copper and metalaxyl fungicides were tested for the control of leaf blight disease of taro. In vitro fungicidal activity tests and field evaluation showed that Ridomil Gold Plus 66 WP (6% metalaxyl-M + 60% copper (I) oxide) and Metalm 72 WP (12% metalaxyl + 60% copper (I) oxide) at 50 g in 15 litres of water (3.3g/L) and Nordox 75 WG (86% cuprous oxide) at 75 g in 15 litres of water (5 g/L) are effective for the control of leaf blight disease of taro at 4 weekly intervals for five consecutive months in the wet season.

scholarly journals Regulation of Ascorbate-Glutathione Pathway in Mitigating Oxidative Damage in Plants under Abiotic Stress

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirza Hasanuzzaman ◽  
M. H. M. Borhannuddin Bhuyan ◽  
Taufika Islam Anee ◽  
Khursheda Parvin ◽  
Kamrun Nahar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abiotic Stress ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Monodehydroascorbate Reductase ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Stressed Condition ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Adverse Conditions

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation is a usual phenomenon in a plant both under a normal and stressed condition. However, under unfavorable or adverse conditions, ROS production exceeds the capacity of the antioxidant defense system. Both non-enzymatic and enzymatic components of the antioxidant defense system either detoxify or scavenge ROS and mitigate their deleterious effects. The Ascorbate-Glutathione (AsA-GSH) pathway, also known as Asada–Halliwell pathway comprises of AsA, GSH, and four enzymes viz. ascorbate peroxidase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, and glutathione reductase, play a vital role in detoxifying ROS. Apart from ROS detoxification, they also interact with other defense systems in plants and protect the plants from various abiotic stress-induced damages. Several plant studies revealed that the upregulation or overexpression of AsA-GSH pathway enzymes and the enhancement of the AsA and GSH levels conferred plants better tolerance to abiotic stresses by reducing the ROS. In this review, we summarize the recent progress of the research on AsA-GSH pathway in terms of oxidative stress tolerance in plants. We also focus on the defense mechanisms as well as molecular interactions.

Thymol and its Derivatives for Management of Phytopathogenic fungi of maize

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti Gaba ◽  
Sunita Sharma ◽  
Harleen Kaur ◽  
Pardeep Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Mannich Bases ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Significant Control ◽  
Thymol Derivatives ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Blight Disease

Background: Thymol is a bioactive compound having many pharmacological activities. Objective: The present study was carried out to evaluate the fungi toxic effects of thymol and derivatives against phytopathogenic fungi of maize. Method: Thymol was derivatized to get formylated thymol, Mannich bases, and imine derivatives. All the synthesized thymol derivatives were characterized by their physical and spectral properties. Synthesized thymol derivatives were screened for their in vitro antifungal effects using poisoned food technique against three maize pathogenic fungi namely Fusarium moniliforme, Rhizoctonia solani and Dreschlera maydis. Results: Thymol and formylated thymol showed promising results for control of D. maydis with ED50 values less than standard carbendazim and comparable to standard mancozeb. These two compounds were further evaluated for control of D. maydis causative maydis leaf blight disease on maize plants grown in the field during the Kharif season (June to October) 2018. Conclusion: Thymol exhibited significant control of maydis leaf blight disease of maize and emerged as a potential alternative to synthetic fungicides used in cereal crops.

scholarly journals Induction of defense mechanisms from filtrates of saprophytic fungi against early blight disease in tomato

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (44) ◽  
pp. 1849-1859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jussiê da Silva Solino Antônio ◽  
Regina Freitas Schwan-Estrada Kátia ◽  
Santos Batista Oliveira Juliana ◽  
dos Santos Rodrigues Alencar Marianna ◽  
Martins Ribeiro Lilianne
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Early Blight ◽  
Saprophytic Fungi ◽  
Blight Disease
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