scholarly journals Contour Farming Improves Soil Moisture and Dry Land Crop Productivity on Rainfed Alfisols

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-69
Author(s):  
A. V. Ramanjaneyulu ◽  
N. Sainath ◽  
D. Sravanthi ◽  
M. Venkata Ramana
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Total System ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Partial Factor Productivity ◽  
Partial Factor ◽  
The Impact

A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2019 on Alfisols to find out the impact of intercropping and contour farming on total system productivity and soil moisture, under rainfed conditions. The results revealed that intercropping of mung bean with pigeon pea (MB+PP 4:1) was found to be highly productive and economical than corn+ pigeon pea (C+PP 4:1). Further, contour farming (CF) gave higher corn equivalent yield (CEY) and conserved more moisture than up down farming (UDF). The combination of MB+PP and CF has significantly out yielded (8019 kg ha-1) the MB+PP under UDF (6612 kg ha-1), C+PP under CF (4026 kg ha-1) and C+PP under UDF (3393 kg ha-1) in terms of CEY. Further, MB+PP and CF association recorded higher soil moisture, nutrient uptake, partial factor productivity (PPFN: 253.4 kg kg-1), agronomic efficiency of applied N (AEN: 46.79 kg kg-1) and rainfall use efficiency (RUE: 12.2 kg ha mm-1) besides higher net returns (Rs. 82608 ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.41).

Productivity and soil moisture conservation studies of pigeon pea based intercropping systems as influenced by different land configurations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Garud ◽  
B. V. Asewar ◽  
A. S. Dhawan ◽  
D. N. Gokhale ◽  
I. A. B. Mirza
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Soil Moisture Conservation ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Equivalent Yield ◽  
Plot Design

A field experiment was conducted to study effect of various land configurations on soil moisture conservation and productivity of pigeonpea at experimental farm of AICRP for dry land Agriculture, V.N.M.K.V., Parbhani during kharif season of 2015 and 2016. Soil of experimental field was medium deep black with low in organic carbon, low in available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and high in available potassium.The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three main plot treatments and four sub plot treatments. The gross and net plot sizes are 7.2x5.4m2 and 5.4x3.6m2 respectively. The pigeonpea variety BDN-711 was used for sowing with spacing 90 x 20 cm. The main plot treatments were three land configurations as (L1) broad bed furrow (BBF), (L2) ridges and furrow and (L3) flat bed method. Sub plot treatments were four intercropping systems i.e. (I1) pigeonpea + soybean (2:1), (I2) pigeonpea + green gram (2:1), (I3) pigeonpea + black gram (2:1) and (I4) pigeonpea + cowpea (2:1). It was observed that seed yield of pigeon pea andpigeonpea equivalent yield were significantly affected due to different land configuration and intercropping systems. The highest pigeonpea seed yield (1588 kg ha-1) and pigeonpea equivalent yield (1823 kg ha-1) were obtained with Broad bed furrows (L1) followed by ridges and furrow (L2). Among the intercropping systems, pigeonpea + greengram intercropping system (I2) recorded higher seed yield (1574 kg ha-1) and pigeonpea equivalent yield(1832 kg ha-1).Periodical soil moisture observations in different land configuration considering depth of soil, higher average soil moisture was recorded under broad bed furrow followed by ridges and furrows while lesser was recorded under flat bed sowing.

scholarly journals The Impact of Technological Changes on Partial Factor Productivity of the Asean-5: A Panel Regression Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 154-159
Keyword(s):  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Information And Communications Technology ◽  
Communications Technology ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Technological Changes ◽  
Patent Applications ◽  
Partial Factor Productivity ◽  
Partial Factor ◽  
The Impact

This study examined the impact of technological changes on partial factor productivity represented by labor productivity in the ASEAN-5 from 1997 to 2016. The technological changes is represented by gross expenditures on Research and Development (R&D), access to mobile phones, access to internet and patent applications. The study employed the quatitative research design to determine the cause and effect relationship between the explanatory variables and the explained variable. Based on the fixed effect model regression results, gross expenditures on R&D with first lag was acceptable and statistically significant at 5% level of significance. On the other hand, changes in access to mobile phones, access to internet and patent applications although reflected the expected sign of coefficient were found to be insignificant. Furthermore, 99% of the variations in labor productivity is explained by the variations in gross expenditure on R&D, access to mobile phones, access to internet and patent applications. Based on the findings, the paper recommends for strong government commitment through the Department of Science and Technology to increase gross expenditures on R&D to at least 1% of GDP and encourage more patent applications. The Department of Information and Communications Technology should look into the underlying Information and Communications Technology development plan of Malaysia and Singapore in terms of access to mobile phones and access to internet.

scholarly journals Yield and economics of pigeon pea based intercropping systems as influenced by different land configurations

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.U. Pawar ◽  
H.S. Garud ◽  
B.V. Asewar ◽  
I.A.B. Mirza
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Equivalent Yield ◽  
Plot Design

A field experiment was conducted at experimental farm of AICRP for Dry Land Agriculture, V.N.M.K.V., Parbhani during kharif season of 2015-16 and 2016-17 to study yield and economics of pigeon pea based intercropping systems as influenced by different land configurations. Soil of experimental field was medium deep black with low in available nitrogen, medium in available phosphorus and high in available potassium. The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three main plot treatments and four sub plot treatments. The main plot treatments were three land configurations as (L1) Broad bed furrow (BBF), (L2) Ridges and furrow and (L3) Flat bed method. Sub plot treatments were four intercropping systems i.e. (I1) pigeon pea + soybean (2:1), (I2) pigeon pea + greengram (2:1), (I3) pigeon pea + black gram (2:1) and (I4) pigeon pea + Cowpea (2:1). The highest pigeon pea equivalent yield and net returns of Rs. 67814 ha-1 were obtained with broad bed furrow (L1), which was closely followed by treatment L2 (ridges and furrow) with net returns of Rs. 64095 ha-1. Among intercropping systems the highest pigeon pea equivalent yield and net returns of Rs. 68908 ha-1were obtained in pigeonpea+greeengram (2:1) intercropping system and was followed by pigeonpea+blackgram and pigeonpea+soybean intercropping system.

scholarly journals Enhancement in Productivity, Nutrients Use Efficiency, and Economics of Rice-Wheat Cropping Systems in India through Farmer’s Participatory Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 122 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Panwar ◽  
M. Shamim ◽  
Subhash Babu ◽  
N. Ravishankar ◽  
Ashisa Prusty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Indian States ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Partial Factor Productivity ◽  
Partial Factor

Rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS), a lifeline for the majority of the population in South Asia is under stress, due to the imbalanced and indiscriminate use of fertilizers. Therefore, we conducted an on-farm study at eight locations (Amritsar, Katni, Nainital, Samba, Pakur, Kanpur, Ambedkarnagar, and Dindori) covering five agro climatic zones of six Indian states (Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, and Jharkhand) to (i) calculate the partial factor productivity (PFP) and agronomic use efficiency (AUE) to judge the response of NPK and Zn on grain yield of rice and wheat in RWCS and (ii) to work out the economic feasibility of different combinations of NPK in rice and wheat. Seven fertilizer treatments: Control (0-0-0), N alone (N-0-0), NP (N-P-0), NK (N-0-K), NPK (N-P-K), NPK+Zn (N-P-K-Zn), and FFMP (Farmers Fertilizer Management Practice) were assigned to all the locations. The levels of applied nutrients were used as per the standard recommendation of the location. The average of all the locations showed that the use of NP enhances the grain yield of rice and wheat by 105% and 97% over control, respectively. System productivity of RWCS was expressed in terms of rice grain equivalent yield (RGEY), Mg ha−1. Among the locations, Samba recorded the lowest productivity of RWCS with fertilizer treatments. In contrast, the highest productivity of RWCS with fertilizer treatments was recorded at Amritsar, except with NPK and NPK+Zn fertilization, where Katni superseded the Amritsar. An approximately 3-fold productivity gain in RWCS was recorded with the conjoint use of NP over control across the locations. Overall, the results of our study showed that the balance application of NPK increased the productivity of RWCS 245% over control. Partial factor productivity of Nitrogen (PFPn) N alone in rice varied across locations and ranged from 19 kg grain kg−1 N at Pakur to 41 kg grain kg−1 N at Amritsar. PFPn of N alone in wheat also ranged from 15.5 kg grain kg−1 of N at Ambedkarnagar to 28 kg grain kg−1 N at Amritsar. However, across locations the mean value of PFPn of N alone was 29 kg grain kg−1 N in rice and 21 kg grain kg−1 N in wheat. PFPn increased when combined application of N and P sorted in both rice and wheat across the locations. Similarly, combined application of NPK increased partial factor productivity of applied phosphorus (PFPp) in both the crops at all the locations. The combined application of NPK increased the PFPk for applied K at all the location. The response of K application with N and P when averaged over the location was 114% in rice and 93% in wheat over the combined use of N and K. In our study, irrespective of fertilizer treatments, the agronomic use efficiency of applied N (AUEn) and agronomic use efficiency of applied P (AUEp) were greater in rice than in wheat across the location. With regards to the economics, the mean net monetary returns among the fertilizers treatments was minimum (INR 29.5 × 103 ha−1) for the application of N alone and maximum (INR 8.65 × 103 ha−1) for application of NPK+Zn. The mean marginal returns across the locations was in order of N alone > NK > FFM > NPK > NP > NPK+Zn.

Grain legume inclusion in cereal–cereal rotation increased base crop productivity in the long run

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Probir Kumar Ghosh ◽  
Kali Krishna Hazra ◽  
Madasur Subbabhat Venkatesh ◽  
Chandra Sekhar Praharaj ◽  
Narendra Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Mung Bean ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Impact

AbstractSustainability of cereal-based cropping systems remains crucial for food security in South Asia. However, productivity of cereal–cereal rotations has declined in the long run, demonstrating the need for a sustainable alternative. Base crop, that is, common crop in different crop rotations, productivity could be used as a sustainability indicator for the assessment of different long-term crop rotations. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of grain legume inclusion in lowland rice–wheat (R-W) and upland maize–wheat (M-W) rotation on system’s base crop (rice in lowland and wheat in upland crop rotations) productivity and sustainability and also in soil fertility. Mung bean (April–May) inclusion in R-W rotation increased rice grain yield by 10–14%. In upland, mung bean inclusion in M-W rotation increased wheat grain yield by 5–11%. Replacing wheat with chickpea in R-W rotation increased rice grain yield by 5–8%. Increased base crop productivity in legume inclusive rotations was attributed to significant improvement in panicle (rice) or spike (wheat) attributes. Increased soil organic carbon and available nitrogen and phosphorus in the legume inclusive rotations significantly influenced the base crop productivity in both the production systems. Among the crop rotations, R-W-Mb (in lowland) and M-W-Mb (in upland) rotations had the highest system productivity and net return. Therefore, intensification/diversification of cereal–cereal rotations with grain legume could improve soil fertility and sustain crop productivity.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE ON NET RETURNS IN SMALLHOLDER PIGEON PEA PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN SEMI-ARID KENYA

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Stella Jane Matere ◽  
Rono John Busienei ◽  
Oliver Lee Ernest Mbatia
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Adaptation Strategy ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Net Returns ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Semi Arid

Purpose: Improved pigeon pea varieties were promoted in semi-arid areas of Kenya to improve smallholder pigeon pea production systems resilience to climate change. However, the impact of adoption is unknown. This study was carried out to evaluate the impact of adoption on farming households’ net farm returns in semi-arid South Eastern Kenya in the context of adaptation to climate change. The objectives were to (i)describe farmer’s perceptions on production of improved varieties of pigeon peas as an adaptation strategy to climate change, (ii) evaluate the impact of the adoption on household’s net returns. Propensity score matching approach was used to assess the impact of the adoption. Methodology: The study used cross sectional data gathered through household survey to evaluate the impact of adoption on farming households’ net farm returns in semi-arid South Eastern Kenya in the context of adaptation to climate change.. The study was conducted in semi-arid zones of Machakos County in South Eastern Kenya (SEK) namely Masinga, Mavoko and Mwala Wards. The areas were purposively selected for semi-arid semi-arid climatic conditions and dominant pigeon pea production.The study adopts the counterfactual approach and propensity score matching method to evaluate the impact of adopting improved pigeon peas on household net farm income. Data was analyzed using STATA 13.0 statistical package. Findings: The results showed that 33 percent of the sampled households had adopted production of improved pigeon peas and they perceived adoption of the technology as an adaptation strategy to climate change viewed through tolerance to drought, pest and diseases, increased crop yield and shortened crop growth period. Improved pigeon peas significantly increased farmers’ net income, the adopter got a net farm income of KES 30,710 per acre per year that was KES 18, 631 more than non-adopting households. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommends that County Governments facilitate farmers to produce pigeon pea seeds through improved access to seed and linkage to reliable market for their farm produce to increase their farm income.

scholarly journals System Productivity and Resource Use Efficiency of Alternative Cropping Systems for Sugarcane in Karnataka

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-178
Author(s):  
S. N. O. Sadashivanagowda ◽  
◽  
S. C. Alagundagi ◽  
B. T. Nadagouda ◽  
B. I. Bidari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Pigeon Pea ◽  
Green Gram ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Bt Cotton ◽  
Total System ◽  
Resource Use Efficiency ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Use Efficiency

The field experiments were conducted at Agricultural Research Station, Hukkeri, Belagavi, Karnataka, India during 2018–19 and 2019–20 to study the system productivity and resource use efficiency of alternative cropping systems for sugarcane. There were 11 treatments involving different cropping systems viz., soybean–sorghum–ridge gourd, pigeon pea±green gram (1:1)–beans, pigeon pea±soybean (1:1)–cowpea, soybean–wheat–groundnut, groundnut–sorghum–sesame, maize–cabbage–fallow, soybean–wheat–green gram, maize–wheat–sesame, Bt cotton–groundnut, sugarcane±onion (1:2) and sugarcane (sole) replicated thrice and laid out in randomized complete block design. Among the cropping systems, maize-cabbage-fallow system recorded significantly higher total system productivity (58,234 kg ha-1), water use efficiency (199.67 kg ha-1-mm) and energy use efficiency (129.91 MJ ha-1) compared to rest of the cropping systems. However, sugarcane (sole) recorded (1,11,008 kg ha-1, 68.64 kg ha-1-mm and 16.58 MJ ha-1, respectively). Based on alternative cropping systems involving only field crops, maize-wheat-sesame (9633 kg ha-1, 30.65 kg ha-1-mm and 132.20 MJ ha-1, respectively), soybean-wheat-groundnut (7602 kg ha-1, 27.40 kg ha-1-mm and 32.35 MJ ha-1,, respectively), soybean-wheat-green gram (6424 kg ha-1, 23.05 kg ha-1-mm and 31.91 MJ ha-1, respectively) and Bt cotton-groundnut (4503 kg ha-1, 17.97 kg ha-1-mm and 16.95 MJ ha-1, respectively) were significantly higher. By adopting the alternative cropping systems, there was water saving of approximately 45% compared to sugarcane monocropping and sugarcane±onion (1:2) intercropping.

Influence of long-term fertilization on soil microbial biomass and dehydrogenase activity in relation to crop productivity in an acid Inceptisols

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-311
Author(s):  
Debasis Purohit ◽  
Mitali Mandal ◽  
Avisek Dash ◽  
Kumbha Karna Rout ◽  
Narayan Panda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Initiation Stage ◽  
The Impact

An effective approach for improving nutrient use efficiency and crop productivity simultaneously through exploitation of biological potential for efficient acquisition and utilization of nutrients by crops is very much needed in this current era. Thus, an attempt is made here to investigate the impact of long term fertilization in the soil ecology in rice-rice cropping system in post kharif - 2015 in flooded tropical rice (Oryza sativa L.) in an acidic sandy soil. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with quadruplicated treatments. Soil samples at different growth stages of rice were collected from long term fertilizer experiment.The studied long-term manured treatments included 100 % N, 100% NP, 100 % NPK, 150 % NPK and 100 % NPK+FYM (5 t ha-1) and an unmanured control. Soil fertility status like SOC content and other available nutrient content has decreased continuously towards the crop growth period. Comparing the results of different treatments, it was found that the application of 100% NPK + FYM exhibited highest nutrient content in soils. With regards to microbial properties it was also observed that the amount of microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen ( MBN) showed highest accumulation in 100 % NPK + FYM at maximum tillering stage of the rice. The results further reveal that dehydrogenase activity was maximum at panicle initiation stage and thereafter it decreases. Soil organic carbon content, MBC, MBN and dehydrogenase activity were significantly correlated with each other. Significant correlations were observed between rice yield and MBC at maturity stage( R2 = 0.94**) and panicle initiation stage( R2 = 0.92**) and available nitrogen content at maturity stage( R2 = 0.91**).

scholarly journals Soil Moisture Dynamics in Response to Precipitation and Thinning in a Semi-Dry Forest in Northern Mexico

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Argelia E. Rascón-Ramos ◽  
Martín Martínez-Salvador ◽  
Gabriel Sosa-Pérez ◽  
Federico Villarreal-Guerrero ◽  
Alfredo Pinedo-Alvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Rainfall Characteristics ◽  
Northern Mexico ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Moisture Dynamics

Understanding soil moisture behavior in semi-dry forests is essential for evaluating the impact of forest management on water availability. The objective of the study was to analyze soil moisture based in storm observations in three micro-catchments (0.19, 0.20, and 0.27 ha) with similar tree densities, and subject to different thinning intensities in a semi-dry forest in Chihuahua, Mexico. Vegetation, soil characteristics, precipitation, and volumetric water content were measured before thinning (2018), and after 0%, 40%, and 80% thinning for each micro-catchment (2019). Soil moisture was low and relatively similar among the three micro-catchments in 2018 (mean = 8.5%), and only large rainfall events (>30 mm) increased soil moisture significantly (29–52%). After thinning, soil moisture was higher and significantly different among the micro-catchments only during small rainfall events (<10 mm), while a difference was not noted during large events. The difference before–after during small rainfall events was not significant for the control (0% thinning); whereas 40% and 80% thinning increased soil moisture significantly by 40% and 53%, respectively. Knowledge of the response of soil moisture as a result of thinning and rainfall characteristics has important implications, especially for evaluating the impact of forest management on water availability.

scholarly journals Modeling Energy Communities with Collective Photovoltaic Self-Consumption: Synergies between a Small City and a Winery in Portugal

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 323
Author(s):  
Guilherme Pontes Luz ◽  
Rodrigo Amaro e Silva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Small City ◽  
Total System ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Southern Portugal ◽  
Energy Community ◽  
Individual Self ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Modest Reduction

The recently approved regulation on Energy Communities in Europe is paving the way for new collective forms of energy consumption and production, mainly based on photovoltaics. However, energy modeling approaches that can adequately evaluate the impact of these new regulations on energy community configurations are still lacking, particularly with regards to the grid tariffs imposed on collective systems. Thus, the present work models three different energy community configurations sustained on collective photovoltaics self-consumption for a small city in southern Portugal. This energy community, which integrates the city consumers and a local winery, was modeled using the Python-based Calliope framework. Using real electricity demand data from power transformers and an actual winery, the techno-economic feasibility of each configuration was assessed. Results show that all collective arrangements can promote a higher penetration of photovoltaic capacity (up to 23%) and a modest reduction in the overall cost of electricity (up to 8%). However, there are clear trade-offs between the different pathways: more centralized configurations have 53% lower installation costs but are more sensitive to grid use costs (which can represent up to 74% of the total system costs). Moreover, key actor’s individual self-consumption rate may decrease by 10% in order to benefit the energy community as a whole.

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