scholarly journals A Comparative Review of the Traditional and Modern Methods of Water Treatment

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-51
Author(s):  
Abayomi Olusegun Adeniyi
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Filter Method ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Water Filter ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Comparative Review ◽  
Modern Methods

Artificial pollution of groundwater may arise from either point or diffuse sources. Several different means to improve the microbial quality of water and reduce waterborne diseases have been documented around the world.  Traditional methods of water treatment include Filtration through winnowing sieve (used widely in Mali), Filtration through cloth (commonly used in villages in India, Mali and the southern part of Niger), Filtration through clay vessels (used in Egypt), filtration through plant material (commonly used in Tamil Nadu and Kerala, India) and Jempeng stone filter method (used in Bali, Indonesia). Modern methods of water treatment include Solar Water Disinfection (SODIS), LifeStraw, Nanofilter, Ceramic water filter, Bio-sand filter and Kanchan Arsenic filter. Comparatively, traditional methods of water treatment employ crude methods which have proved to be effective in relation to filtration but the modern methods make use of newer research technologies in the elimination of pathogens and toxic chemicals to make drinking water more potable and safe.

scholarly journals Design of a cost-effective electrochlorination system for point-of-use water treatment

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 200437-0
Author(s):  
Mainak Bhattacharya ◽  
Koyel Bandyopadhyay ◽  
Anirban Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Residual Chlorine ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Bacterial Inactivation ◽  
Treatment Unit ◽  
Continuous Flow Reactors

Bacteriological contamination in drinking water is known to be responsible for the spread of various waterborne diseases. Although chlorine is frequently used as disinfectant in water treatment, low-cost disinfecting technologies in the villages of developing and under-developed countries are not yet successfully implemented. This study contributed in designing a simple and inexpensive water disinfection unit to produce chlorine from the naturally available dissolved chloride of groundwater by electrochlorination, using inert and cheap graphite electrodes. Laboratory-based experiments were performed in both batch and continuous flow reactors to study the effect of time, current, electro charge loading (ECL), and surface area of electrodes in chlorine generation and bacterial inactivation. Controlled experiments in continuous mode in the absence of chlorine further indicated the possibility of partial inactivation of bacteria under the influence of the electric field. Finally, a treatment unit with drilled anodes, and undrilled cathode electrodes, in continuous flow set-up was installed in four schools of four different villages in West Bengal, India. An average residual chlorine concentration and removal efficiency of total coliform in the designed systems were determined as 0.3 ± 0.07 mg/L, and 98.4% ± 1.6%, respectively.

scholarly journals Teknologi saringan air berbahan pasir kerubung di Pondok Pesantren Tarbiyah Islamiyah Singkawang

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Riski Muliyani ◽  
Yudi Kurniawan ◽  
Iip Istirahayu
Keyword(s):  
Water Purification ◽  
Filter Method ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Purification Method ◽  
Water Filter ◽  
Service Programs ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Filter Process ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Main Component

<span class="ShortAbstract"><em><span lang="EN-US">The purpose of service programs was designed for water filter by using kerubung sand. The method of designing the water purification was literature study on the specifics articles that related to the simple water purification process with the slow water filter method. The development of the filter method by the service team using the kerubung sand. The service teams’ considerations in choosing local materials as the main component as water purification because it was easy to get, less price event some things can be obtained for free because they were available in the wild, or it can be made easily. The results of the water purification design by using the slow water method with kerubung sand had been proportion of 15: 4: 4: 1 with the </span></em></span><span class="ShortAbstract"><em><span lang="EN-US">types of materials were kerubung sand, zeolite sand, the palm fiber, and activated</span></em></span><span class="ShortAbstract"><em><span lang="EN-US"> carbon, respectively. It is hoped that the successful creation of the water purification design composition of the slow water method using kerubung sand will make the quality of water produced from the filter process better than before. The addition output of this service program was the publication of copyright certificate of the manual book for slow water purification method. The conclusion that can be concluded from this design process was that the use of kerubung sand as a filter media is alleged to be a solution for filtering well water at the location of PKM partners</span></em></span>

Excystation ofCryptosporidium parvumat temperatures that are reached during solar water disinfection

Parasitology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. GÓMEZ-COUSO ◽  
M. FONTÁN-SAINZ ◽  
J. FERNÁNDEZ-ALONSO ◽  
E. ARES-MAZÁS
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Cryptosporidium Parvum ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Waterborne Diseases ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Solar Water ◽  
Solar Water Disinfection ◽  
Notable Increase

SUMMARYSpecies belonging to the generaCryptosporidiumare recognized as waterborne pathogens. Solar water disinfection (SODIS) is a simple method that involves the use of solar radiation to destroy pathogenic microorganisms that cause waterborne diseases. A notable increase in water temperature and the existence of a large number of empty or partially excysted (i.e. unviable) oocysts have been observed in previous SODIS studies with water experimentally contaminated withCryptosporidium parvumoocysts under field conditions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the temperatures that can be reached during exposure of water samples to natural sunlight (37–50°C), on the excystation ofC. parvumin the absence of other stimuli. In samples exposed to 40–48°C, a gradual increase in the percentage of excystation was observed as the time of exposure increased and a maximum of 53·81% of excystation was obtained on exposure of the water to a temperature of 46°C for 12 h (versus8·80% initial isolate). Under such conditions, the oocyst infectivity evaluated in a neonatal murine model decreased statistically with respect to the initial isolate (19·38%versus100%). The results demonstrate the important effect of the temperature on the excystation ofC. parvumand therefore on its viability and infectivity.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF CLASSICAL AND MODERN DISTANT METHODS OF TEACHING PHONETICS IN THE SYSTEM OF SCHOOL EDUCATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
Елена Анатольевна Филатова
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Computer Programs ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Specific Training ◽  
Teaching English ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Computer Methods ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
And Training

Приводится сравнительно-сопоставительный анализ современных традиционных и компьютерных методик обучения сегментной и супрасегментной фонетике английского языка в условиях аудиторного билингвизма, обосновывается необходимость введения новых методик обучения устной речи в современных школьных УМК, нацеленных на подготовку к устной части ЕГЭ по иностранному языку, а также необходимость разработки в них новых критериев оценивания фонетической стороны речи. Автор дает обобщенную характеристику традиционных методов обучения произношению и анализируют эффективность их применения на уроке иностранного языка в современной школе в среднем и старшем звене обучения. Приводятся основные задачи и цели компьютерного обучения фонетике, а также специфика его использования в аудитории искусственного билингвизма. На примере конкретных компьютерных программ анализируется эффективность дистанционных методов обучения с точки зрения подготовки школьников к сдаче государственных экзаменов. A comparative analysis of traditional and computer methods of teaching English segmental and suprasegmental phonetics in conditions of auditory bilingualism is given. The need for new modern methods of teaching and textbooks is justified. It is revealed that new computer methods of teaching should be aimed for preparing and training for the oral part of the Russian State Exam and have different estimation criteria. General characteristics of basic traditional methods (articulatory and acoustic) and their effectiveness is shown on the examples of concrete Russian and foreign editions, in comparison with popular computer programs. Computer programs for teaching English phonetics are analyzed from the point of view of their specific training of auditory bilinguals.

Research Progress in Removing Heavy Metals from Waste Water via Bio-Sorption

2014 ◽  
Vol 587-589 ◽  
pp. 692-695
Author(s):  
Wei Sun
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Metal Ions ◽  
Heavy Metal Ions ◽  
Waste Water Treatment ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Traditional Methods ◽  
Sorption Method

Bio-absorption has an unparalleled advantage over other traditional methods in removing and recycling heavy metal ions from waste water. Consequently, it has a promising future. In this paper, the traditional methods and the bio-sorption method via which heavy metals are removed from waste water are compared to summarize the mechanism of bio-sorption, the types of bio-sorbent, the factors that can influence bio-sorption and the state of its application in waste water treatment .

Solar Photocatalytic Detoxification and Disinfection of Water: Recent Overview

2006 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julián Blanco-Galvez ◽  
Pilar Fernández-Ibáñez ◽  
Sixto Malato-Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Water Contaminants ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Solar Photocatalysis ◽  
Experimental Systems ◽  
Solar Reactors ◽  
Photocatalytic Processes

During the last few years, there has been a plethora of research and development in the area of solar photocatalysis (TiO2 and photo-Fenton). This overview, of the most recent papers on the use of sunlight to produce the O∙H, comments on those most relevant to the development of the technology and summarizes most of the recent research related to the degradation of water contaminants, and how solar photocatalysis (coupled with biotreatment) could significantly contribute to the treatment of very persistent toxic compounds. Various solar reactors for photocatalytic water treatment based mainly on nonconcentrating collectors developed during the last few years are also described in detail. This review also reports the use of the photocatalytic processes (TiO2) to inactivate microorganisms present in water, placing special emphasis on those applications that make use of sunlight. Work on water disinfection mechanisms in the last decade is summarized in the last part of this overview, with attention to some experimental systems developed to optimize this disinfection technology.

Coagulant Property of an Indigenous Seed: Home Water Treatment in Tamil Nadu

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajaratnam Abel ◽  
Kazuyoshi Kawata ◽  
Olfat D El-Sebaie
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Tamil Nadu

Synthesis, Characterization and Bactericide Properties of Al2O3 Nanoparticles and Al2O3-PAN Membranes for Alternative Water Disinfection Methods

MRS Advances ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (30) ◽  
pp. 1605-1610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdiel Oquendo-Cruz ◽  
Ana Vega-Avila ◽  
Oscar Perales-Pérez
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Al2o3 Nanoparticles ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Disinfection Methods ◽  
Removal Capacity ◽  
Bacterial Removal ◽  
Electrospun Membranes ◽  
Ft Ir

ABSTRACTAs the global populations grow, water demand and pollution of water resources will increase. As a consequence, water borne disease outbreaks are on the rise and current disinfection methods have been shown to be ineffective in inactivating all pathogens during water treatment. Aluminum oxide nanoparticles (Al2O3 NPs) have been shown to poses antimicrobial properties. Also, Al2O3 has high thermal and chemical stability, which makes these NPs an excellent candidate for water treatment applications. Thus, the objective of this work is to assess the bactericidal properties of Al2O3 NPs synthesized using a polyol-based process in presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). For practical applications nanoparticles must be immobilized in a medium to ensure that particles are not dispersed into the treated water. For this reason, synthesized nanoparticles were dispersed in electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membranes to also evaluate the bacterial removal capacity. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis suggests that synthesized nanoparticles are γ-Al2O3 after annealing at 800°C for 6 hours. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) characterization was used to determine the morphology and size of synthesized nanoparticles. Composite electrospun membranes were also characterized by XRD, FT-IR, and SEM. The bactericide activity of the synthesized γ-Al2O3 NPs and commercially available Al2O3 particles was evaluated by the disc diffusion method against E. coli bacteria. Also, Al2O3-PAN composite electrospun membranes bacterial filtration capacity was tested. Both synthesized and industrially produced particles exhibited antibacterial activity against E. coli, but polyol-based synthesized nanoparticles demonstrated better bactericide properties. The bacterial removal capacity of PAN and PAN/Al2O3 fibers was comparable to that of paper filters.

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