scholarly journals COVID-19 Vaccines and Vaccination Report: The Nigeria Perspective

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-63
Author(s):  
Mike-Ogburia, Moore Ikechi ◽  
Jonathan, Nyebuchi ◽  
Konne, Felix Eedee ◽  
Jacob, Ransom Baribefii
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Protein Subunit ◽  
Subunit Vaccines ◽  
National Health Care ◽  
The World ◽  
Science Laboratories ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Preventive Role ◽  
Care Development

COVID-19 vaccine like other vaccines is developed to produce acquired immunity against the virus which causes coronavirus disease. The spread of the virus led to quick study by various science laboratories all over the world on the preventive role and the mortality rate reduction potential of covid vaccines. Celebration has been witnessed in different part of the world for the role the vaccines played against various cases arising from coronavirus infection. This review focused on the adverse event of coronavirus vaccines with perspective to the Nigerian populace. The type of vaccines approved for use by the WHO include; viral vector vaccines which has the Oxford-Astrazenca in its class, RNA vaccines, whole virus vaccines (having the Sinopharm, and Sinovac in it class), and protein subunit vaccines (with Novavax COVID-19 vaccines and (ESI, 2021), EpiVacCorona in it class). In Nigeria, about 8,439 mild adverse reactions have been reported by the National Health Care Development Agency (NPHCDA), following the administration of the first doses of the Oxford-AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine. The report showed that out of over a million persons who received the vaccine, 8,439 persons showed mild adverse effects, while 52 persons suffered moderate to severe adverse events on receiving the jab. Generally, the vaccine has proven to be effective in combating and limiting infection and spread of covid-19 among the citizenry.

scholarly journals Pharmacovigilance in Covid-19 vaccines

2021 ◽  
Vol 319 ◽  
pp. 01012
Author(s):  
Hanane Bahouq ◽  
Madiha Bahouq ◽  
Abdelmajid Soulaymani ◽  
Rachida Soulaymani-Bencheikh
Keyword(s):  
Viral Vector ◽  
Vaccine Safety ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Protein Subunit ◽  
Vaccine Strategy ◽  
Subunit Vaccines ◽  
National Regulatory Authority ◽  
Pharmacovigilance Center ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines

The ongoing pandemic coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), originated from Wuhan, China, has caused universal challenging and threatening with considerable health impact and economic losses. Therefore, vaccination, as preventive and protective medical countermeasure, remains an excellent issue for reducing morbidity and mortality of this emerging infectious disease. As of April 2021 and by Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) process, 16 vaccines were authorized by at least one national regulatory authority for public use: two Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) vaccines (Pfizer–BioNTech and Moderna), seven conventional inactivated vaccines (BBIBP-CorV manufactured by Siinopharm, CoronaVac, Covaxin, WIBP-CorV, CoviVac, Minhai-Kangtai and QazVac), five viral vector vaccines (Sputnik Light, Sputnik V, Oxford–AstraZeneca, Convidecia, and Johnson & Johnson) and two protein subunit vaccines (EpiVacCorona and RBD-Dimer). As other countries, Morocco has established an anti-COVID-19 vaccine strategy in order to effectively contribute to the monitoring of vaccine safety supported by the national platform health vigilance and regulated by the National Anti-Poison and Pharmacovigilance Center (CAPM). In this review, we recorded the main current developed COVID-19 vaccines and discussed pharmacovigilance strategies and tools related safety and tolerability of those therapies. In parallel, a review of the Moroccan experience in this field is also conducted.

scholarly journals COVID-19: Insights into Potential Vaccines

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 605
Author(s):  
Ke-Yan Loo ◽  
Vengadesh Letchumanan ◽  
Hooi-Leng Ser ◽  
Siew Li Teoh ◽  
Jodi Woan-Fei Law ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Protein Subunit ◽  
Subunit Vaccines ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Phase Iii Clinical Trials ◽  
Positive Results

People around the world ushered in the new year 2021 with a fear of COVID-19, as family members have lost their loved ones to the disease. Millions of people have been infected, and the livelihood of many has been jeopardized due to the pandemic. Pharmaceutical companies are racing against time to develop an effective vaccine to protect against COVID-19. Researchers have developed various types of candidate vaccines with the release of the genetic sequence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in January. These include inactivated viral vaccines, protein subunit vaccines, mRNA vaccines, and recombinant viral vector vaccines. To date, several vaccines have been authorized for emergency use and they have been administered in countries across the globe. Meanwhile, there are also vaccine candidates in Phase III clinical trials awaiting results and approval from authorities. These candidates have shown positive results in the previous stages of the trials, whereby they could induce an immune response with minimal side effects in the participants. This review aims to discuss the different vaccine platforms and the clinical trials of the candidate vaccines.

Predictive analytics technologies in the management of the COVID‑19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-33
Author(s):  
A. V. Gusev ◽  
◽  
R.E. Novitsky ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Analytics ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Primary Response ◽  
World Health ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
National Health Care ◽  
The World ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Health Organization

Recently, a new coronavirus infection, or COVID‑19, caused by the pathogen SARS-CoV‑2, has been continuing to spread around the world rapidly. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), which declared this outbreak a pandemic, COVID‑19 is a serious public health problem of international concern. Due to the lack of proven effective treatment and vaccination against COVID‑19, precautions are considered by WHO to be strategic goals and a primary response to the pandemic. It is recommended that country guidelines adopt national health care programs aimed at assessing and reducing the risk of infection spread. Predictive analytics have begun to be actively used to compile population and personal forecasts of the progression of morbidity, mortality, assess the severity of the course of the disease, etc. This article provides an overview of available developments and publications on the use of predictive analytics in the management of COVID‑19 pandemic.

scholarly journals The Recent Updates on Approaches and Clinical Trials Status of Covid-19 Vaccines Developed Globally

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1109-1124
Author(s):  
Sachin Chaudhary ◽  
Abdel-Nasser El-Shorbagi ◽  
Ramesh Kumar Gupta ◽  
Amit Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Human Life ◽  
World Health ◽  
Protein Subunit ◽  
The World ◽  
Precautionary Measures ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Trial Phase

The Covid-19 pandemic since 2019 has imparted a massive influence on the human life around the world, irrespective of all the precautionary measures followed worldwide it is strongly suggested that only the effective and safer vaccine can control this vicious pandemic. Nevertheless, the vaccine development strategies for Covid-19 was initiated firstly in china after the outbreak of Covid-19 and then globally after it was declared as pandemic by World Health Organization. Currently, numerous platforms have been designed for developing the most efficacious and safe vaccines designed by different technologies including protein subunit, viral vector, RNA, DNA, inactivated, and live attenuated approach. Here, this review will illustrates the detailed information on above mentioned Covid-19 vaccines development technologies, protocols and their clinical trial phase status. Additionally, this review also includes the details of vaccines failed to progress further.

scholarly journals Safety and Efficacy of Different Therapeutic Interventions on Prevention and Treatment of COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradip Gyanwali ◽  
Sitasma Sharma ◽  
Suman Pant ◽  
Pallavi Koirala ◽  
Kriti Adhikari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Protein Subunit ◽  
Plasma Therapy ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
The World ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the strain of coronavirus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a respiratory illness. COVID-19 has now become a global public health crisis causing alarming numbers of morbidity and mortality. Ever since the COVID-19 pandemic started scientists, researchers, universities, companies, and institutions all around the world have been endeavoring to discover a potential treatment for COVID-19. Numerous studies and clinical trials on vaccines and drugs for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19 are underway across the world. However, the uncertainty around the efficacy and safety of various treatment regimens have become one of the biggest challenges in the battle against the SARS-CoV-2. This paper is a narrative review of articles regarding the various treatments and vaccines being tested for the SARS-CoV-2, available in the PubMed database along with Google Scholar. There are ongoing clinical trials on potential drugs such as remdesivir, favipiravir, lopinavir/ritonavir, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine, corticosteroids tocilizumab, azithromycin, anakinra, etc. and other therapeutic modalities like convalescent plasma therapy. Likewise, vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 are being developed and tested, including mRNA, non-replicating viral vector, DNA, protein subunit candidate vaccines, etc. Although some early-stage clinical trials and studies on these drugs and vaccines have shown positive results, definitive and conclusive results are yet to be obtained. Keywords: COVID-19; antiviral drugs; COVID-19 treatment; COVID-19 vaccine; SARS-CoV-2

scholarly journals On the way to COVID-19 vaccine development: tireless efforts and outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Tapas Pramanik ◽  
Tapas Kumar Sur
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Pharmaceutical Companies ◽  
Protein Subunit ◽  
Huge Number ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The World

Novel corona virus disease (COVID-19), since its emergence in November 2019, took the toll of a huge number of human lives. It is a β-corona-virus also known as SARS-CoV2. The safest and most effective way to prevent the disease is definitely vaccination amongst the large population. To the best of our knowledge, more than 200 vaccine candidates for COVID-19 were developed by the scientists of research institutions and pharmaceutical companies and nearly 52 candidates were in human trials. Till now, only 15 vaccines are being offered to the general population in the world, out of which 2 vaccines are RNA, 6 are conventional inactivated, 5 viral vector and 2 protein subunit. Here, we tried to unfold the events and efforts behind the successes of new innovations of COVID-19 vaccines, the world has achieved yet.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Vaccines - A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
Saurav Deka ◽  
Farah Iram ◽  
Niveditha Hariharan
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Viral Vector ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Protein Subunit ◽  
Subunit Vaccines ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Nucleic Acid Vaccines ◽  
Inactivated Vaccines ◽  
Pros And Cons

Since the pandemic started, various clinical trials have been going on to develop COVID vaccines. Vaccines which have passed the clinical trials include live attenuated vaccines, inactivated vaccines, protein subunit vaccines, virus like particles vaccines, viral vector vaccines, and nucleic acid vaccines. There are several vaccines in phase III and IV trials, and more than ten vaccines have been approved or authorized. Most of these vaccines are efficacious and safe. However, there are various pros and cons of these vaccines. This review explains how these vaccines have been developed, their mechanism of action, advantages, and disadvantages of these vaccines, along with costing and post vaccination challenges. Keywords: Covid-19 vaccines, efficacy, safety, post-vaccination challenges.

Mechanisms of liver damage in COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (19) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
T. V. Pinchuk ◽  
N. V. Orlova ◽  
T. G. Suranova ◽  
T. I. Bonkalo
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Liver Transplantation ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Function ◽  
Liver Damage ◽  
The World ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Analyze Data

At the end of 2019, a new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) was discovered in China, causing the coronavirus infection COVID-19. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic poses a major challenge to health systems around the world. There is still little information on how infection affects liver function and the significance of pre-existing liver disease as a risk factor for infection and severe COVID-19. In addition, some drugs used to treat the new coronavirus infection are hepatotoxic. In this article, we analyze data on the impact of COVID-19 on liver function, as well as on the course and outcome of COVID-19 in patients with liver disease, including hepatocellular carcinoma, or those on immunosuppressive therapy after liver transplantation.

ADDRESSING THE ISSUE OF СOVID-19, SARS-COV-2 VIRUS AND THE DISEASE

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (6) ◽  
pp. 15-31
Author(s):  
A.A. Korenkova ◽  
◽  
E.M. Mayorova ◽  
V.V. Bahmetjev ◽  
M.V. Tretyak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Significant Problem ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Optimal Therapy ◽  
The World ◽  
Public Health Challenge ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

The new coronavirus infection has posed a major public health challenge around the world, but new data on the disease raises more questions than answers. The lack of optimal therapy is a significant problem. The article examines the molecular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the pathogenesis of COVID-19, special attention is paid to features of pathological processes and immune responses in children. COVID-19 leads to a wide diversity of negative outcomes, many of which can persist for at least months. Many of the consequences have yet to be identified. SARS-CoV-2 may provoke autoimmune reactions. Reinfection, herd immunity, vaccines and other prevention measures are also discussed in this review.

Association and treatment of diabetes in patients affected by Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1198-1201
Author(s):  
Syed Yasir Afaque
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Prognostic Value ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The World ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Composite Outcomes ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

In December 2019, a unique coronavirus infection, SARS-CoV-2, was first identified in the province of Wuhan in China. Since then, it spread rapidly all over the world and has been responsible for a large number of morbidity and mortality among humans. According to a latest study, Diabetes mellitus, heart diseases, Hypertension etc. are being considered important risk factors for the development of this infection and is also associated with unfavorable outcomes in these patients. There is little evidence concerning the trail back of these patients possibly because of a small number of participants and people who experienced primary composite outcomes (such as admission in the ICU, usage of machine-driven ventilation or even fatality of these patients). Until now, there are no academic findings that have proven independent prognostic value of diabetes on death in the novel Coronavirus patients. However, there are several conjectures linking Diabetes with the impact as well as progression of COVID-19 in these patients. The aim of this review is to acknowledge about the association amongst Diabetes and the novel Coronavirus and the result of the infection in such patients.

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