Application of a New Information Priority Accumulated Grey Model with Simpson to Forecast Carbon Dioxide Emission

Climate warming is a hot topic of common concern all over the world and it has had a significant impact on climate, oceans and human life. The increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has become a significant factor in climate warming. In recent years, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has been mostly anthropogenic emissions. Accurate forecasting of carbon dioxide emissions will effectively propose solutions to the problem of global warming and then improve the environment in which we live. In our work, first of all, we use the new information priority accumulation method to optimize the weight of the new information in the prediction. Then we use the numerical integration method to optimize the background value of the grey model to achieve more accurate forecast. Application case results show that our proposed model is superior to other grey models in predicting carbon dioxide emission in India and Bangladesh.

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The Carbon Dioxide Emissions Reduction Potential of Carbon-Dioxide-Cured Alternative Binder Concrete

Recent Progress in Materials ◽

10.21926/rpm.2102018 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 03 (02) ◽

pp. 1-1

Author(s):

Sampo Mäkikouri ◽

◽

Sirje Vares ◽

Kirsi Korpijärvi ◽

Nikolaos Papakonstantinou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Blast Furnace ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Carbon Sink ◽

Human Life ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽

Cement Industry ◽

Recycled Concrete ◽

Total Carbon

Climate change has been identified as one of the biggest issues plaguing human life at present. Hence, immense attention is being paid to developing methods that can potentially reduce carbon dioxide emission. With the help of carbon-negative concrete, manufactured from alternative binders and cured with waste carbon dioxide, a major part of the manufacturing industries that emit carbon dioxide can be potentially turned into a carbon sink. In this study, the waste material streams in Finland, suitable for disposing carbon-dioxide-cured concrete, were mapped. Mine tailings, blast furnace and steel slags, recycled concrete, biomass, coal and municipal waste incineration ashes, green liquor dregs, and foundry sands were studied. It was found that there were sufficient amounts of potential secondary raw materials (about 27 Mt/a) for the preparation of Finnish cement and the production of concrete (requirement: approximately 1.4 Mt/a and 11.2 Mt/a, respectively). The total carbon dioxide uptake potential was estimated to be approximately 1.9 Mt/a (vs. emissions from the cement industry in Finland, 0.84 Mt/a). In addition, the carbon footprints of the conventionally manufactured concrete block were compared with the carbon footprint produced by a modeled carbon-dioxide-cured blast furnace slag block. If such novel concrete were used to produce all the concrete-based substances, it would bring down the emission of carbon dioxide from 1.9% to negative 1.3% in Finland.

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Forecasting CO2 Emissions Using a Novel Conformable Fractional Order Discrete Grey Model

10.21203/rs.3.rs-809289/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Peng Zhu ◽

Wanli Xie ◽

Yunshen Shi ◽

Mingyong Pang ◽

Yuhui Shi

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Fractional Order ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Industrial Development ◽

Grey Model ◽

Optimal Order ◽

Low Carbon ◽

Grey System ◽

Industrial Carbon ◽

Proposed Model

Abstract Accurate and scientific forecasting of carbon dioxide emissions will help make better industrial carbon emission planning so as to promote low-carbon industrial development and achieve sustainable economic growth. For depressing the disturbance of various elements, grey system-based models play an important role in forecasting science. In this paper, we extend the cumulative order from integer order to fractional order based on the discrete gray model, which we call CFDGM (1,1). After introducing the free quantity of the model order, the accuracy of the prevenient grey-based models can be further enhanced. We selected the data for carbon dioxide production by Germany, Japan, and Thailand for modeling. To obtain the optimal order of our grey model, we selected four optimizers to search for the order. The results show that although the search history of the four types of optimizers is different, the search results are the same, which proves that the four types of optimizers are stable and reliable, and the order for which we searched is reliable. By substituting the optimal order into CFDGM (1,1), we obtained the fitting and prediction error of the proposed model. The final results show that a satisfactory fitting effect and forecasting effect is obtained by our proposed model.

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The Problem of Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Closed Coal Mine Shafts – The Overview and the Case Study

Archives of Mining Sciences ◽

10.1515/amsc-2016-0042 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 61 (3) ◽

pp. 587-600

Author(s):

Paweł Wrona ◽

Józef Sułkowski ◽

Zenon Różański ◽

Grzegorz Pach

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽

Mining Area ◽

Emission Point ◽

Water Pumping ◽

Gas Hazard ◽

Flow Through ◽

Reporting Procedures

Abstract Greenhouse gas emissions are a common problem noticed in every mining area just after mine closures. However, there could be a significant local gas hazard for people with continuous (but variable) emission of these gases into the atmosphere. In the Upper Silesia area, there are 24 shafts left for water pumping purposes and gases can flow through them hydraulically. One of them – Gliwice II shaft – was selected for inspection. Carbon dioxide emission with no methane was detected here. Changes in emission and concentration of carbon dioxide around the shaft was the aim of research carried out. It was stated that a selected shaft can create two kinds of gas problems. The first relates to CO2 emission into the atmosphere. Possible emission of that gas during one minute was estimated at 5,11 kg CO2/min. The second problem refers to the local hazard at the surface. The emission was detected within a radius of 8m from the emission point at the level 1m above the ground. These kinds of matters should be subject to regular gas monitoring and reporting procedures.

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Driving Factors Analysis of Carbon Dioxide Emissions in China Based on STIRPAT Model

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.734-737.1910 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 734-737 ◽

pp. 1910-1914 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Qiao Zhi Zhao ◽

Qing You Yan

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

High Speed ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽

Urbanization Process ◽

Stirpat Model ◽

Factors Analysis ◽

Secondary Industry

China is developing at relatively high speed, not only the regional development speed should be focused upon, but also the environmental impact of economic growth should be paid attention to, especially the level change of carbon dioxide emission. To some degree, quantity of carbon dioxide emission has become one of the most important indexes for measuring quality of a nations economic growth. Thus, this thesis is trying to analyze the driving relations between economic growth and carbon dioxide. Upon STIRPAT model, ridge regression method and elasticity theory are applied to analyze the influencing factors of carbon dioxide quantity such as the population quantity, Chinas urbanization process, per capita GDP, energy density and the percentage of the secondary industry. Correspondingly, based on the different influencing variables to carbon dioxide emission quantity, needy measures are brought out to control and decrease emissions. Feasible suggestions are trying to improve Chinas economic development quality.

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ENERGY-RELATED CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EFFICIENCY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AGRICULTURE: COMPARISON OF DIFFERENT BENCHMARKING TECHNIQUES

Management Theory and Studies for Rural Business and Infrastructure Development ◽

10.15544/mts.2016.15 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 192-206 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tomas Baležentis ◽

Daiva Makutėnienė

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

European Union ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽

Value Added ◽

The European Union ◽

Undesirable Output ◽

Energy Technologies ◽

Desirable Output ◽

Low Performance

The literature suggests different approaches towards modelling of the environmental impact caused by the production processes. The present paper attempts to establish a framework for multicriteria comparison of agricultural sectors of the European Union Member States and identify the performance gaps in terms of energy-related carbon dioxide emission. The research relies on the two approaches, viz. the by-production approach and the multi-criteria decision making approach. The environmental performance indicators were evaluated in regards to the desirable output (gross value added), inputs, and the undesirable output (carbon dioxide emission). The results indicate that Slovakia, Estonia, Lithuania, and Hungary should attempt to improve their carbon factors by implementing cleaner energy technologies. The combinations of by-production sub-indices suggest that productivity gains are more important for Sweden, Belgium, Poland, and France. Czech Republic, Latvia, and Finland are specific with low performance in terms of both the intended production and the undesirable output. The MCDM approach identified similar trends in performance as suggested by country ranking and correlation analysis.

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Analysis of monthly CO2 emission trends for major EU Countries: a time series approach

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-1132 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Marco Quatrosi

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Crude Oil ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Structural Breaks ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽

Diesel Oil ◽

Hard Coal ◽

Eu Countries ◽

Greenhouse Gasses ◽

Time Series Approach

The following paper analyses monthly trends for CO2 emissions from energy consumption for 31 European countries, four primary fuels (i.e., Crude Oil, Natural Gas, Hard Coal, Lignite) and three secondary fuels (i.e., Gas/Diesel Oil, LPG, Naphta, Petroleum Coke) from 2008 to 2019. Carbon dioxide emission has been estimated following the Reference Approach in the 2006 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gasses Inventories. Country-specific (e.g. Tier 2) coefficient were retrieved from the IPCC Emission Factor Database and the UN Common Reporting Framework. Data on fuel consumption (e.g., Gross Inland Deliveries) were taken from the Eurostat database. This paper will fill some knowledge gap analysing monthly trends of carbon dioxide emissions for major EU Countries. As the progressive phase-out of carbon is taking place pretty much in all Europe, Crude Oil exerted the largest amount of carbon dioxide emissions in the period considered. Analysis of selected countries unveiled several clusters within the EU in terms of major source of emissions. As final step, the paper has endeavoured the task of fitting a model for monthly CO2 forecasting. The whole series presents two structural breaks and can be explained by an autoregressive model of the first order. Indeed, further speculations on a more appropriate fit and more fuels in the estimation, is demanded to other works.

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Modeling the Multicommodity Multimodal Routing Problem with Schedule-Based Services and Carbon Dioxide Emission Costs

Mathematical Problems in Engineering ◽

10.1155/2015/406218 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Yan Sun ◽

Maoxiang Lang

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Transportation Network ◽

Linearization Method ◽

Mixed Integer ◽

Multicommodity Flow ◽

Routing Problem ◽

Multimodal Transportation ◽

Proposed Model ◽

Freight Routing

We explore a freight routing problem wherein the aim is to assign optimal routes to move commodities through a multimodal transportation network. This problem belongs to the operational level of service network planning. The following formulation characteristics will be comprehensively considered: (1) multicommodity flow routing; (2) a capacitated multimodal transportation network with schedule-based rail services and time-flexible road services; (3) carbon dioxide emissions consideration; and (4) a generalized costs optimum oriented to customer demands. The specific planning of freight routing is thus defined as a capacitated time-sensitive multicommodity multimodal generalized shortest path problem. To solve this problem systematically, we first establish a node-arc-based mixed integer nonlinear programming model that combines the above formulation characteristics in a comprehensive manner. Then, we develop a linearization method to transform the proposed model into a linear one. Finally, a computational experiment from the Chinese inland container export business is presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the model and linearization method. The computational results indicate that implementing the proposed model and linearization method in the mathematical programming software Lingo can effectively solve the large-scale practical multicommodity multimodal transportation routing problem.

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Simulation of the Operation of a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Various Biofuels and Its Contribution to Technology Management

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su11102799 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 2799 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Karol Tucki ◽

Remigiusz Mruk ◽

Olga Orynycz ◽

Andrzej Wasiak ◽

Katarzyna Botwińska ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Water Vapor ◽

Technology Management ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Test Procedure ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽

Fuel Mixture ◽

Driving Cycle ◽

Sustainable Transportation ◽

Spark Ignition Engine

Economic progress, development of transport, production of new cars, production of more and more energy, and the combustion of fossil fuels are causing huge changes that are currently occurring in the environment. Ecological problems of the contemporary economy combined with perspectives of resources exhaustion, as well as the need to follow sustainable rules of living, require the search for new fuels. Fuels which can assure their availability and good environmental performance are needed for maintaining sustainable transportation. Knowledge about the behavior of various fuels is necessary for realistic methods of technology management in transportation means and the fuel industry. This paper describes biofuels that can be an addition to petrol or can exist as standalone fuels. A simulation was carried out on an urban vehicle and the tested fuels were petrol 95, ethanol, methanol, and dimethyl ether. For the selected engine a simulation corresponding to that of the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) test was created using the Scilab package. Based on this simulation, values of carbon dioxide and water vapor emission were determined. The fuel demand for each fuel mixture and the amount of air for the fuels used were also calculated (and verified on the basis of laboratory tests). It was demonstrated that addition of biofuel decreases emission of carbon dioxide, simultaneously increasing emission of water vapor. Biofuel additive also caused an increase in fuel consumption. Unfortunately, in the New European Driving Cycle test being investigated, carbon dioxide emissions in all cases exceeded the permissible level of 130 g CO2/km, which is bad news in the context of the further tightening of norms and standards. The simulation tests confirmed that when using the start/stop system and applying specific additives, the carbon dioxide emission decreases and the consumption of mixtures with the activated start/stop system is smaller. The analyzed problems and results of this analysis become more important in light of the Worldwide Harmonized Light Duty Vehicles Test Procedure (WLTP) standard, which became binding from September 2018 and applies to the sale of cars that had been approved prior (in accordance with the New European Driving Cycle standard). Although the NEDC standard appears obsolete the computer model simulating this type of test will be necessary in many cases. It is, however, needed and possible to develop a similar simulation procedure for WLTP tests.

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Analysis of Avoided Carbon-Dioxide Due to Photovoltaic and Wind Turbine Technologies Displacing Electrical Peaking Facilities

Volume 5: 35th Design Automation Conference, Parts A and B ◽

10.1115/detc2009-86511 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Jarod C. Kelly ◽

Deepak Sivaraman ◽

Gregory A. Keoleian

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Renewable Energy ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Computational Study ◽

San Antonio ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽

Renewable Energy Technologies ◽

Energy Technologies ◽

The Impact ◽

Renewable Technology

Many studies that examine the impact of renewable energy installations on avoided carbon-dioxide utilize national, regional or state averages to determine the predicted carbon-dioxide offset. The approach of this computational study was to implement a dispatching strategy in order to determine precisely which electrical facilities would be avoided due to the installation of renewable energy technologies. This study focused on a single geographic location for renewable technology installation, San Antonio, Texas. The results indicate an important difference between calculating avoided carbon-dioxide when using simple average rates of carbon-dioxide emissions and a dispatching strategy that accounts for the specific electrical plants used to meet electrical demands. The avoided carbon-dioxide due to renewable energy technologies is overestimated when using national, regional and state averages. This occurs because these averages include the carbon-dioxide emission factors of electrical generating assets that are not likely to be displaced by the renewable technology installation. The study also provides a comparison of two specific renewable energy technologies: photovoltaics (PV) and wind turbines. The results suggest that investment in PV is more cost effective for the San Antonio location. While the results are only applicable to this location, the methodology is useful for evaluating renewable technologies at any location.

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Carbon and health implications of trade restrictions

Nature Communications ◽

10.1038/s41467-019-12890-3 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jintai Lin ◽

Mingxi Du ◽

Lulu Chen ◽

Kuishuang Feng ◽

Yu Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emissions ◽

Western Europe ◽

Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽

Premature Mortality ◽

The United States ◽

Trade Restrictions ◽

Developing Regions ◽

Trade Disputes ◽

High Emission

Abstract In a globalized economy, production of goods can be disrupted by trade disputes. Yet the resulting impacts on carbon dioxide emissions and ambient particulate matter (PM2.5) related premature mortality are unclear. Here we show that in contrast to a free trade world, with the emission intensity in each sector unchanged, an extremely anti-trade scenario with current tariffs plus an additional 25% tariff on each traded product would reduce the global export volume by 32.5%, gross domestic product by 9.0%, carbon dioxide by 6.3%, and PM2.5-related mortality by 4.1%. The respective impacts would be substantial for the United States, Western Europe and China. A freer trade scenario would increase global carbon dioxide emission and air pollution due to higher levels of production, especially in developing regions with relatively high emission intensities. Global collaborative actions to reduce emission intensities in developing regions could help achieve an economic-environmental win-win state through globalization.

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