Serum Vitamine D3 Level in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Vitamin D3 is synthesized in skin and sequentially metabolized in liver and kidney in humans. It is well known for its function in maintaining calcium and phosphorus homeostasis and promoting bone mineralization. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate vitamin D3 level in pregnant women who were suffering from gestational diabetes mellitus and comparing it with the control groups. Materials and Methods: This case control study was conducted on 100 pregnant women who were attending the inpatient and outpatient clinics of Obstetrics department, Tanta University Hospital, who were divided into two equal groups.Group A (control group): Fifty apparently healthy pregnant women at 24th-28th weeks of gestation. Group B (study group): Fifty pregnant women had gestational diabetes. Results: There is significant increase between the two studied groups according to HbA1c, also there is decrease between the two groups as regards VIT D. Mean HbA1c % was statistically significant higher in the study group versus control group. There was statistical significant difference noted between mean serum level of vitamin D among the two studied groups. A statistically significant negative correlation was observed between serum 25 OH vitamin D and HbA1c among our cases (r=- 0.745) (p ≤ 0.001). Mean serum vitamin D was significantly lower in cases with complications than those with normal outcome. Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency may have a positive relationship with gestational diabetes mellitus.

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Assessment of Polymorphism of the VDR Gene and Serum Vitamin D Values in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia / RBGO Gynecology and Obstetrics ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1693678 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 41 (07) ◽

pp. 425-431

Author(s):

Thais Walverde Siqueira ◽

Edward Araujo Júnior ◽

Rosiane Mattar ◽

Silvia Daher

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Vdr Gene ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin D Levels ◽

Significant Difference

Objective To evaluate the relationship between vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism (FokI [rs10735810]) and serum vitamin D concentration in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods A prospective case-control study that recruited healthy pregnant women (control group) (n = 78) and women with GDM (GDM group) (n = 79), with no other comorbidities. Peripheral blood samples were collected in the 3rd trimester of gestation, and all of the pregnant women were followed-up until the end of the pregnancy and the postpartum period. Serum vitamin D concentrations were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). For genomic polymorphism analysis, the genomic DNA was extracted by the dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide/cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB/CTAB) method, and genotyping was performed by the polymerase chain reaction – restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique, using the restriction enzyme FokI. The Student-t, Mann-Whitney, chi-squared, and Fischer exact tests were used for the analysis of the results. Results There was no significant difference between the pregnant women in the control and GDM groups regarding serum vitamin D levels (17.60 ± 8.89 ng/mL versus 23.60 ± 10.68 ng/mL; p = 0.1). Also, no significant difference was detected between the FokI genotypic frequency when the 2 groups were compared with each other (p = 0.41). Conclusion There was no association between the FokI polymorphism and the development of GDM, nor was there any change in serum vitamin D levels in patients with GDM.

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Serum vitamin D receptor levels in gestational diabetes mellitus

LaboratoriumsMedizin ◽

10.1515/labmed-2017-0149 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 42 (4) ◽

pp. 149-154

Author(s):

Seçkin Özgür Tekeli ◽

Feyza Yağmur Tekeli ◽

Onur Erol ◽

Hamit Yaşar Ellidag ◽

Esin Eren ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Vitamin D Receptor ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Receptor Expression ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

25 Oh Vitamin D

AbstractBackgroundVitamin D affects glucose metabolism by increasing insulin secretion and insulin receptor expression. Also, it exerts these effects by binding to its primary receptor, the vitamin D receptor (VDR). In this preliminary study, we aimed to examine serum 25-(OH) vitamin D3and serum VDR levels in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients.MethodsBlood samples were obtained during 24–28 weeks of pregnancy from patients with GDM (n=30) and age, body mass index (BMI), and gestational age-matched control subjects (n=33). Both groups were examined for changes in the levels of glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin (bA1c), 25-(OH) vitamin D3and VDR.ResultsThere were no significant differences in serum 25-(OH) vitamin D3and fasting insulin levels between the control and GDM groups (p=0.115, p=0.182). But serum VDR levels were significantly higher in the GDM group than in the control group (p=0.001).ConclusionsAlthough there was no significant difference between the two groups regarding 25-(OH) vitamin D3levels, it is notable that VDR levels were higher in GDM patients. To further define the role of vitamin D in the prophylaxis and treatment of GDM, it may be useful to conduct more extensive studies on VDR.

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Thyroid Dysfunction in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Current Diabetes Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573399816666191223111833 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (8) ◽

pp. 895-899 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Shahin Safian ◽

Farzaneh Esna-Ashari ◽

Shiva Borzouei

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Thyroid Dysfunction ◽

Control Group ◽

Thyroid Peroxidase ◽

Free T4 ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Experimental Group

Aims: Investigation thyroid dysfunction and autoimmunity in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Background: This article was written to evaluate the thyroid function and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti- TPO) antibodies in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Method: A total of 252 women with GDM and 252 healthy pregnant women were enrolled. Thyroid tests, including TSH, FreeT3, Free T4, and anti-TPO were performed for all women at 24–28 weeks of gestation. Data analysis was then carried out using SPSS ver. 22. Result: There was a significant difference between the experimental group (38.4%) and the control group (14.06%) in terms of the prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism (p= 0.016). The frequency of anti-TPO was higher in the experimental group than the control group and positive anti-TPO was observed in 18.6% of women with GDM and 10.3% of healthy pregnant women (P= 0.008). Conclusion: Thyroid disorders are observed in pregnant women with GDM more frequently than healthy individuals and it may be thus reasonable to perform thyroid tests routinely.

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Hypovitaminosis D in pregnancy and its correlation with preeclampsia and gestational diabetes mellitus

International Journal of Reproduction Contraception Obstetrics and Gynecology ◽

10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20170551 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 890 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ankita Kumari ◽

Shaila Mitra ◽

Harish C Tiwari ◽

Reena Srivastav

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Hypovitaminosis D ◽

Health Concern ◽

Control Group ◽

The Impact

Background: Hypovitaminosis D has been associated with a number of adverse pregnancy outcomes, and has been recognised as a public health concern. The objective of this study was to determine the impact of Vitamin D deficiency on maternal complications like gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and preeclampsia (PE) among pregnant women.Methods: This was a case control study undertaken at antenatal clinics and indoor of BRD Medical College, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh, India. Two maternal blood samples, one at <20 weeks and other at term along with cord blood at delivery were taken. Patients were classified into preeclampsia (n=60), gestational diabetes mellitus (n=35) and control group (n=180) after abstracting past medical records at delivery. Vitamin D was estimated by 25- Hydroxyvitamin D125 RIA kit and categorized according to ACOG criteria. Statistical analysis was done by using chi square test, binary logistic regression and Pearson’s correlation coefficient to compare between two variables. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Out of 275 women included in the study, 78% of women were Vitamin D deficient. Mean serum vitamin D was significantly lower among preeclamptic women 11.53±6.22 ng/ml and GDM women 12.62±6.69 ng/ml as compared to controls 24.25±14.44 ng/ml (median=18.2 ng/ml) (P<0.05). Vitamin D deficiency was significantly higher in pregnant women GDM (94.28% vs 68.3%) and preeclampsia (96.67% vs 68.3%) when compared to uncomplicated group.Conclusions: Maternal vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in early pregnancy and is significantly associated with elevated risk for GDM and preeclampsia.

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C1q/TNF-Related Protein-3 (CTRP-3) and Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor (PEDF) Concentrations in Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Case-Control Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm9082587 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 2587

Author(s):

Tomasz Gęca ◽

Maciej Kwiatek ◽

Arkadiusz Krzyżanowski ◽

Anna Kwaśniewska

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Pigment Epithelium ◽

Control Group ◽

Related Protein ◽

Diabetes Mellitus Group ◽

Pigment Epithelium Derived Factor ◽

Significant Difference

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the most common metabolic disorder in pregnant women, defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first detected during pregnancy. Explanation of its pathogenesis is extremely important due to the possibility of preventing serious maternal and fetal complications. The aim of the study was to evaluate the concentrations of two molecules: C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein-3 (CTRP-3) and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) which may possibly participate in GDM development. To our knowledge, this is the first study in pregnant women with GDM evaluating CTRP-3 level. Methods: Serum CTRP-3 and PEDF concentration and clinical characteristics were detected in 172 pregnant women. These women were divided into two groups: normal glucose tolerance group (NGT, n = 54) and gestational diabetes mellitus group (GDM, n = 118). This second group was further divided into two subgroups depending on the treatment used: GDM 1—diet only (n = 75) and GDM 2—insulin treatment (n = 43). Results: Our study did not reveal any statistically significant difference between the concentration of PEDF in the control and GDM group. In our study there was a significantly higher concentration of CTRP-3 evaluated in the peripheral blood serum in patients with gestational diabetes (GDM) compared to those in the control group (8.84 vs. 4.79 ng/mL). Significantly higher values of CTRP-3 were observed in both the diet-treated subgroup and the group with insulin therapy when compared to control group (8.40 and 10.96, respectively vs. 4.79 ng/mL). Conclusion: PEDF concentration does not change in GDM, whereas an increased level of CTRP-3 may point to the key role of this adipokine in the development of GDM.

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Sufficience serum vitamin D before 20 weeks of pregnancy reduces the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus

Nutrition & Metabolism ◽

10.1186/s12986-020-00509-0 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Chao-Yan Yue ◽

Chun-Mei Ying

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Protective Factor ◽

Serum Vitamin ◽

Confounding Factors ◽

Serum Vitamin D ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Objective Our aim was to evaluate the relationship between serum vitamin D levels before 20 weeks of pregnancy and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Methods This study is a retrospective study. We analyzed the relationship between serum 25 (OH) D level before 20 weeks of pregnancy (first antenatal examination) and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus. Age, parity and pre-pregnancy body mass index were used as confounding factors. 8468 pregnant women were enrolled in this study between January 2018 and March 2020 at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University. Adjusted smoothing splinespline plots, subgroup analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to estimate the relative risk between 25(OH)D and gestational diabetes mellitus. Results After fully adjusting the confounding factors, serum vitamin D is a protective factor in gestational diabetes mellitus (OR = 0.90). Compared with vitamin D deficiency, vitamin D insufficiency (OR = 0.78), sufficience (OR = 0.82) are a protective factor for gestational diabetes mellitus. Conclusion Sufficience vitamin D before 20 weeks of pregnancy is a protective factor for gestational diabetes mellitus. Vitamin D > 20 ng/mL can reduce the risk of GDM, which is not much different from the effect of > 30 ng/mL. The protective effect of vitamin D is more significant in obese pregnant women.

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Evaluation of anxiety levels of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus

Perinatal Journal ◽

10.2399/prn.20.0282010 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 89-94

Author(s):

Aşkın Evren Güler ◽

Zeliha Çiğdem Demirel Güler ◽

Asil Budak ◽

Buket Koparal ◽

Özge Şehirli Kıncı

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Control Group ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group 3 ◽

Anxiety Levels ◽

Group 2 ◽

Group 1

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the anxiety levels of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) followed by different treatment methods. Methods Our study was carried out with 141 cases whose pregnancy follow ups were made in Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic. Cases which had GDM screening with 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were divided into 3 groups. Group 1 (control group) consisted of 50 cases with 75-g OGTT results in normal range, Group 2 consisted of 50 cases which had significant 75-g OGTT results and followed up by diet (A1), and Group 3 consisted of 41 cases which were diagnosed with GDM as a result of 75-g OGTT and received diet as well as medical therapy (A2). Beck anxiety inventory (BAI) was administered to the patients in Group 1 in 24th week, and to patients in Groups 2 and 3 in the 24th and 32nd weeks. Results In the first evaluation of the patients, BAI scores of the control group were statistically found to be significantly lower than the patients with GDM (p=0.001). There was no significant difference in BAI scores among patients diagnosed with GDM, and high anxiety scores were found in both groups. There was a significant decrease in anxiety levels in the Groups 2 and 3 after the treatment (p<0.01). In the Group 2, the BAI scores were observed to decrease from 51.76±4.47 to 45.62±3.65, and from 51.73±5.27 to 41.48±3.29 in the Group 3 (p<0.001). Conclusion In addition to the metabolic disorders brought by the disease itself, GDM can cause various problems by increasing the levels of anxiety in patients. With an effective treatment for glycemic control, anxiety levels of patients can be reduced.

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Hypovitaminosis D Is Associated with Some Metabolic Indices in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Biomedicine Hub ◽

10.1159/000508207 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

Ayobola Abimbola Sonuga ◽

Oyebola Oluwagbemiga Sonuga

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Glucose Intolerance ◽

Serum Insulin ◽

Hypovitaminosis D ◽

Control Group ◽

The Relationship

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), a pregnancy complication, is defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency has recently been recognized as a contributing factor to the pathogenesis of GDM, and this link might be associated with hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, and inflammation, which are implicated in GDM. Objectives: This study aims at investigating the relationship between vitamin D, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), insulin, zinc, ferritin, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP) in GDM. Method: A case-control study in which 80 women attending the antenatal clinic of University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria, were recruited; the women were grouped into controls (40 nondiabetic pregnant women) and cases (40 pregnant women with GDM). Blood samples were taken at the second trimester, and metabolites were quantified by standard laboratory methods. Student’s t test and Pearson correlation were used to compare variables and determine the relationship between variables, respectively. Results: Results showed significant (p < 0.05) low levels of serum vitamin D and zinc, and significant (p < 0.05) higher levels of FPG and serum insulin, ferritin, and CRP in the GDM group compared to the control group. In the GDM group, a positive weak relationship was observed between vitamin D and zinc (r = 0.18, p < 0.05), while vitamin D was inversely correlated with FPG, serum insulin, ferritin, and CRP (r = –0.23, –0.21, –0.20, –0.46, respectively, p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that hypovitaminosis D might be associated with glucose intolerance, insulin insensitivity, and inflammation, which are factors implicated in the development and progression of GDM.

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Serum Zinc and Copper Levels in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh

BIRDEM Medical Journal ◽

10.3329/birdem.v8i1.35040 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 52-55 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Farzana Akonjee Mishu ◽

MA Muttalib ◽

Bilkis Sultana

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Serum Zinc ◽

Control Group ◽

Case Group ◽

Third Trimester ◽

Group I ◽

Significant Difference

Background: The term gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is becoming a major health problem in developing countries undergoing rapid changes in lifestyle, dietary habits and body mass index. GDM is associated with an increased incidence of congenital abnormalities which is also aggravated by mother’s zinc and copper deficiency. Zinc and copper are essential trace elements for normal embryogenesis and fetal growth and their deficiency increase mortality and morbidity of mothers, embryos and neonates. This study was designed to evaluate the association of serum zinc and copper with GDM in second and third trimester.Methods: It was a case-control study. This study was conducted in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital during the period from July 2013 to June 2014 to evaluate the association of zinc and copper levels of pregnant women with GDM. A total induded of 172 subjects were participated in this study; among them 86 women diagnosed with GDM were selected as case (Group-I) and 86 healthy pregnant women were control (Group- II).The case group was again subdivided as Group Ia and Ib according to second and third trimester respectively. Control group was also subdivided as Group IIa and IIb according to second and third trimester respectively. Student’s unpaired ‘t’ test was used to analyse the data between groups. For analytical purpose 95% confidence limit (p<0.05) was taken as level of significance.Results: There was significant difference in serum zinc and copper levels in cases compared to control group. Highly significant difference (p<0.001) was found when serum zinc was compared between women with GDM and normoglycemic pregnant women in second and third trimester. Serum copper level was significantly increased in cases compared to control group in second trimester and the difference was found highly significant (p<0.001) and significant difference (p<0.01) was found in GDM compared to normoglycemic pregnant women in third trimester.Birdem Med J 2018; 8(1): 52-55

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Mpv for Predicting Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

10.31487/j.jdmc.2019.01.04 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Derya Ece Iliman ◽

Ibrahim Karaca ◽

Levent Yasar ◽

Keziban Dogan ◽

Raziye Kıcık Calıskan

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Gestational Diabetes ◽

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Blood Count ◽

White Blood Count ◽

Control Group ◽

Retrospective Case ◽

Distribution Width ◽

Significant Difference

Objective: In this study we aimed to compare blood count parameters such as; mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet count (PC), and platelet distribution width (PDW), white blood count (WBC), hemoglobin (HMG), hematocrit (HCT), lymphocyte (LYM ), neutrophil (NEU), PC/MPV, PC/LYM, PC/WBC, NEU/LYM rates; between healthy pregnant women and pregnant women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) whether these parameters have a predictive value of GDM. Methods: A retrospective case control study was performed and a total of 202 pregnant women including 78 pregnant women with GDM (38.6%) and 124 healthy pregnant women (61.4%; the control group) were fallen under the study. Prior medical histories had no particularity. Results: The result of compared parameters between GDM and Control Groups; there was no significant difference between any variables except age (p=0.024; p<0.05). Conclusion: If blood samples are evaluated under healthy conditions ( rapidly collection, transfer and studying) we concluded that blood count parameters would not be useful for predicting the diagnosis of GDM.

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