Granulometry and Stability of Aggregates in Different Land Uses in the Santa Catarina Plateau of Southern, Brazil

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Kristiana Fiorentin dos Santos ◽  
Fabrício Tondello Barbosa ◽  
Ildegardis Bertol ◽  
Romeu De Souza Werner ◽  
Neuro Hilton Wolschick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Santa Catarina ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Definition Of

The aim of the present work was to determine the granulometry and stability of aggregates in different types of land use in the Santa Catarina Plateau of southern, Brazil. The research was conducted on Capão Alto, Santa Catarina, Brazil. The land use types selected were natural forest (NF), stands pine (SP), crop-livestock integration (CLI), and burned natural rangeland (BR). The definition of the collection points in the field was performed by means of a random sample survey, with nine sampling points by type of use. The stability of aggregates in water, expressed by the mean geometric diameter of aggregates (MGD), was performed after separation of the larger aggregates in smaller aggregates by a set of sieves with 8 and 4.76 mm. Subsequently, these aggregates were fractionated by means of a set of sieves of 4.76; 2.00; 1.00; and 0.25 mm by means of shaking submerged in water. The levels of sand, silt and clay presented differences between the types of land use. MGD ranges from 4.43 to 5.70 mm in NF; from 4.06 to 5.81 mm in SP; from 3.00 to 5,45 mm in CLI; e 4.35 to 5.57 mm in BR. In general, the results showed that MGD varied little in the different types of use, and in all treatments there was a trend of decreasing soil MGD with increasing depth.

scholarly journals Study of soil physical properties and water infiltration rates in different types of land use

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Kristiana Fiorentin dos Santos ◽  
Fabrício Tondello Barbosa ◽  
Ildegardis Bertol ◽  
Romeu De Souza Werner ◽  
Neuro Hilton Wolschick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Infiltration Rates ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Different Types

Studying the changes in soil properties caused by different land uses allows measures to be adopted that will reduce the risk of future negative effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate soil physical properties and quantify water infiltration for different types of land use in the Santa Catarina Plateau of southern Brazil. The research was conducted on a 1,200 ha rural property. The land use types selected were natural forest (NF), planted pine (PP), crop-livestock integration (CLI), and burned natural rangeland (BR). A sample survey was carried out in nine different areas for each land use. Samples were collected from four soil layers and the soil bulk density (Bd), total porosity (Tp), and macropore (Ma), micropore (Mi), and biopore (Bio) volumes were measured. Water infiltration tests were performed to obtain the initial (ii) and final (fi) water infiltration rates into the soil, and the total amount of water that had infiltrated the soil (Ti). In NF, Bd was lower and Tp was higher than in other types of land use. The forest vegetation (NF and PP) had higher Ma and Bio volumes in the superficial layers of the soil. Water infiltration was markedly different between land use types. The NF had the highest ii, fi, and Ti values followed by PP, whereas the CLI and BR areas had drastically lower infiltration parameters with BR having the lowest values. The variables ii, fi, and Ti correlated positively with Tp, Ma, and Bio, but negatively with Bd.

scholarly journals Soil gross nitrogen transformations in forestland and cropland of Regosols

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Ren ◽  
Jinbo Zhang ◽  
Hamidou Bah ◽  
Christoph Müller ◽  
Zucong Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Nitrification Rate ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Nitrogen Transformations ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
N Transformations ◽  
Autotrophic Nitrification ◽  
Land Use Types

AbstractSoil gross nitrogen (N) transformations could be influenced by land use change, however, the differences in inherent N transformations between different land use soils are still not well understood under subtropical conditions. In this study, an 15N tracing experiment was applied to determine the influence of land uses on gross N transformations in Regosols, widely distributed soils in Southwest China. Soil samples were taken from the dominant land use types of forestland and cropland. In the cropland soils, the gross autotrophic nitrification rates (mean 14.54 ± 1.66 mg N kg−1 day−1) were significantly higher, while the gross NH4+ immobilization rates (mean 0.34 ± 0.10 mg N kg−1 day−1) were significantly lower than those in the forestland soils (mean 1.99 ± 0.56 and 6.67 ± 0.74 mg N kg−1 day−1, respectively). The gross NO3− immobilization and dissimilatory NO3− reduction to NH4+ (DNRA) rates were not significantly different between the forestland and cropland soils. In comparison to the forestland soils (mean 0.51 ± 0.24), the cropland soils had significantly lower NO3− retention capacities (mean 0.01 ± 0.01), indicating that the potential N losses in the cropland soils were higher. The correlation analysis demonstrated that soil gross autotrophic nitrification rate was negatively and gross NH4+ immobilization rate was positively related to the SOC content and C/N ratio. Therefore, effective measures should be taken to increase soil SOC content and C/N ratio to enhance soil N immobilization ability and NO3− retention capacity and thus reduce NO3− losses from the Regosols.

scholarly journals A Study of the Spatial Form of Maling Village, Henan, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (18) ◽  
pp. 7350
Author(s):  
Qindong Fan ◽  
Fengtian Du ◽  
Hu Li
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Fractal Theory ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Spatial Form ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Fractal Characteristics ◽  
Spatial Shape ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Village

In order to improve the study of the spatial form of villages, fractal theory is used to analyze the plane and facade of Maling Village, Changdai Town, Mengjin County, Luoyang City, Henan Province, China. The results show that the village facade and plane spatial shape of Maling Village have obvious fractal characteristics and the fractal dimension can be used as an important index to evaluate the plane and facade shape of the village. The fractal dimension of each land use type is between 1.2415 and 1.7443. The stability index of land use types in the village follows the order of village construction land > cultivated land > road > garden land > woodland > grassland. The research results can provide decision-making information for the rational use and planning of village land.

scholarly journals Distribution Characteristics and Pollution Assessment of Soil Heavy Metals under Different Land-Use Types in Xuzhou City, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aman Fang ◽  
Jihong Dong ◽  
Yingli An
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Grassland Soils ◽  
Risk Levels ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Concentration

Xuzhou, as a mining city in China, has been experiencing 130 years of coal mining and processing. To explore the spatial distribution characteristics and pollution status of soil heavy metals (Cr, Cd, As, Hg, Zn, and Pb) under different land-use types, a total of 2697 topsoil samples were collected in all of the areas (except for water) of Xuzhou in 2016. Overall, the mean concentrations of Cr (70.266 mg/kg), Cd (0.141 mg/kg), As (10.375 mg/kg), Hg (0.036 mg/kg), Zn (64.788 mg/kg), and Pb (24.84 mg/kg) in Xuzhou soils were lower than the environmental quality standard for soils (GB15618-1995). However, the mean concentrations of Cr, Hg, and Pb exceeded their corresponding background values, with the mean concentration of Hg being almost three times its background value. For different land-use types, the highest mean concentration of Cr was concentrated in grassland soils. The mean concentrations of Cd, As, Zn, and Pb in mining area soils were higher than those in the other soils. The mean concentration of Hg was the highest in the built-up area soils. Based on the potential ecological risk assessment, the forestland, garden land, grassland, and others were at low and moderate risk levels, the farmland and mining area were at low, moderate, and high risk levels, and the built-up area was at various risk levels in Xuzhou. There was a significant positive correlation between Cr, Pb, and Hg concentrations and the corresponding organic carbon contents in the farmland, built-up area, garden land, forestland, and other soils ( p < 0.01 ). A high degree of correlation was found between Cr and Hg concentrations, as well as organic carbon contents in grassland soils, with values of p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 , respectively. An obvious correlation could be seen between Hg concentrations and organic carbon contents in mining area soils ( p < 0.01 ).

Regulatory Agency Acceptance of the Interpretation of the Freezing Point Value of Milk as Part of the Official Thermistor Cryoscopic Method

1970 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-542
Author(s):  
R W Henningson
Keyword(s):  
Milk Sample ◽  
North American ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Regulatory Agencies ◽  
A Value ◽  
Added Water ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract A 1968 North American authentic milk sample survey determined that the mean freezing point value of milk is –0.5404°C. Statistical concepts permit the calculation of a value, –0.525°C, 2.326 standard deviations from a mean with 95% confidence that 99% of all subsequent observations will be below the value. Based on this survey, it was recommended that the Interpretation of the freezing point value of milk be made a part of the official final action thermistor cryoscopic method for the determination of the freezing point value of milk, and include the following: an upper limit for the freezing point value of milk, an official definition of an authentic milk sample, and a logical procedure for the confirmation of added water. A copy of the report and an explanatory letter were sent to approximately 100 North American regulatory agencies. Reports were received from 49 regulatory agencies with 39 favoring the recommendations, 6 opposing the recommendations, and 4 having no opinion. It is recommended that the Interpretation of the freezing point of milk be included in both the thermistor cryoscopic and the Hortvet methods.

scholarly journals Analysis of land stability and land-use change processes in the 19–20th centuries: a case study in Gödöllő Hillside, Hungary

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-49
Author(s):  
Krisztina Demény ◽  
Csaba Centeri ◽  
Dániel Szalai
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Land Use Change ◽  
Change Processes ◽  
Anthropogenic Influence ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Corine Land Cover ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Arable Fields ◽  
Land Cover Map

Abstract The manuscript presents land-use change processes based on former military map analyses. Military maps were derived from the 1770s until the 1890s and later from the CORINE Land Cover map. I observed the transition direction of areal distribution of various land uses. Digitalized maps showed 19-20th century land-use conditions; besides them, we created a grouping system which is based on the intensity of land use. We distinguished six land-use types, ranking them according to the anthropogenic influence (1. built-up areas; 2. arable fields; 3. orchards and vineyards; 4. meadows and pastures; 5. forests; 6. wetlands).

Analysis on Changes of Land Use in the Township Based on the Remote Sensing Technology — Choosing Fadou Town of Xichou County as an Example

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 5601-5604
Author(s):  
Xin Hui Xu
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Rocky Desertification ◽  
Remote Sensing Technology ◽  
Ecological Benefit ◽  
Sensing Technology ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Study

Choosing Fadou Town of Xichou County in Yunnan province as an example, and supported by the GIP, this paper uses the analysis result of dynamic monitor on the land use for the renewal of land use, thus forming the current situation chart of the land use after renewal. According to the area changes and types, etc. of the land use, this paper then does a qualitative and quantitative study on the project zone, and based on the dynamic changes of the land use and the conversion between its different types, this paper in the end sets up the matrix of the land use types and provides suggestions and measures to restore the ecological benefit in the rocky desertification area in the light of the practical condition of the project zone.

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of land-use types on the groundwater quality: a case study of Mid River Njoro Catchment, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Halake Guyo Rendilicha ◽  
Patrick Home ◽  
James M. Raude ◽  
Charles M. M’Erimba ◽  
Stellamaris Muthoka
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Settlement Area ◽  
Mixed Area ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

The study assessed the impact of land-use types on the groundwater quality of the mid River Njoro catchment, Kenya. Groundwater samples were collected from eight boreholes between the period of October 2017 to February 2018 and analyzed for pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, ammonium, and total phosphorus. These parameters were used to calculate the Groundwater Quality Index (GQI) value of the study area. The concentration maps (“primary maps I”) were constructed using Kriging interpolation of ArcGIS software from the seven groundwater quality parameters. The “primary maps I” were standardized with the KEBS and WHO standards to the “primary maps II” for ease of integration into a GIS environment. The “primary maps II” were then rated and weighted using a polynomial function to generate “rank maps” before calculating the GQI using spatial analyst tools of ArcGIS software. The land use map was prepared from a high-resolution Google earth satellite imagery of 2015. The mean GQI values for the different land use polygons were calculated and compared using GIS techniques. The GQI ranged from 68.38 to 70.92, indicating a high groundwater quality of mid River Njoro catchment. The major land-use types identified include settlement area, forest cover, agricultural land and mixed area. The agricultural land dominated the study area, followed by settlement area, forest cover and finally mixed area. The mean GQI value in each land use type varied minimally and this could be because of the diffuse nature of the land use types of the study area. Settlement area had low GQI, followed by agricultural land, mixed area and the forest cover had the highest mean GQI value, which corresponds to good quality of groundwater. Even though the variation is insignificant in this particular study, it somehow indicates the adverse effects of different land use on the quality of groundwater.

scholarly journals Regionalization of turbulent fluxes by combining aircraft measurements with footprint analysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 7017-7051
Author(s):  
T. El-Madany ◽  
H. Geiß ◽  
A. Schmidt ◽  
O. Klemm
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Turbulent Fluxes ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
Northwest Germany ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Research Aircraft ◽  
Flux Measurements ◽  
Footprint Analysis ◽  
Eddy Covariance Measurements ◽  
The Mean

Abstract. This paper presents a method for the regionalization of turbulent fluxes by combining airborne flux measurements and footprint analysis. Eddy covariance measurements were performed with a small environmental research aircraft in May 2008 over the "Münsterland" region in northwest Germany. This region is dominated by agricultural patches that are typically a few hectares in size. An analytic footprint model was tested and applied to relate the fluxes, as measured on the aircraft during day time conditions, to different vegetation types on the ground. The geo referenced footprint areas were merged with high resolution land use data (30×30 m), resulting in a quantification of different land use types inside the respective footprints. The fluxes of the sampled area in the Münsterland of 1510 km2 were scaled up to the area of the "Westfälische Bucht" (6054 km2), since the land use composition are comparable to a large extent. The mean fluxes calculated of 99 flight segments and used for the regionalization were found −0.69 mg m−2 s−1 for carbon dioxide and +0.17 g m−2 s−1 for water vapor.

scholarly journals A signature-based approach to quantify soil moisture dynamics under contrasting land-uses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryoko Araki ◽  
Flora Branger ◽  
Inge Wiekenkamp ◽  
Hilary McMillan
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Soil Moisture Dynamics ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Event Based ◽  
Moisture Dynamics

Soil moisture signatures provide a promising solution to overcome the difficulty of evaluating soil moisture dynamics in hydrologic models. Soil moisture signatures are metrics that represent catchment dynamics extracted from time series of data and enable process-based model evaluations. To date, soil moisture signatures have been tested only under limited land-use types. In this study, we explore soil moisture signatures’ ability to discriminate different dynamics among contrasting land-uses. We applied a set of nine soil moisture signatures to datasets from six in-situ soil moisture networks worldwide. The dataset covers a range of land-use types, including forested and deforested areas, shallow groundwater areas, wetlands, housing areas, grazed areas, and cropland areas. These signatures characterize soil moisture dynamics at three temporal scales: event, seasonal, and time-series scales. Statistical and visual assessment of extracted signatures showed that (1) storm event-based signatures can distinguish different dynamics for most land-uses, (2) season-based signatures are useful to distinguish different dynamics for some types of land-uses (forested vs. deforested area, greenspace vs. housing area, and deep vs. shallow groundwater area), (3) timeseries-based signatures can distinguish different dynamics for some types of land-uses (forested vs. deforested area, deep vs. shallow groundwater area, non-wetland vs. wetland area, and ungrazed vs. grazed area). We compared signature-based process interpretations against literature knowledge: event-based and time series-based signatures were generally matched well with previous process understandings from literature, but season-based signatures did not. This study demonstrates the best practices of extracting soil moisture signatures under various land-use and climate environments and applying signatures for model evaluations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document