Influence of Cultural Management on Compaction of a Cerrado Latosol

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Matheus Azevedo Dos Santos ◽  
Aloisio Bianchini ◽  
Pedro Silvério Xavier Pereira ◽  
Rodrigo Fernandes Daros ◽  
Matheus Santos de Deus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Soil Density ◽  
Cultural Management ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
The One ◽  
Alternative Practices

Soil compaction is a process that negatively affects the availability of water and nutrients to plants. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate alternative practices of cultural management in order to reduce soil compaction. The experimental area is located in the Foundation for Research and Technological Development Rio Verde, where 13 treatments were installed with different systems of cultural management, all rotated with soy. A randomized complete block design (DBC) was used for this experiment, with three blocks (one repetition per block), thirteen treatments and two depths of soil (0-10 cm and 10-20 cm). Physical analyzes were soil resistance to penetration, soil density, and soil moisture at the time of collection. The treatment in which the soil was stirred during the fallow period was the one that presented the lowest resistance of the soil to penetration, followed by the treatment where a mixture of cover crops was used in the second harvest, and the treatment where soybean was harvested and brachiaria in the second crop, using corn with brachiaria every two years, was the one that presented lower soil density, followed by the treatment with stirring during fallow season. Planting areas with a greater diversity of rotating plants presented as a good proposal of soil management, as they provide ideal soil conditions for the crop and for the use of rainwater or irrigation.

scholarly journals Agronomic Efficiency of Hybrids of Corn to Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Targeting Fresh Corn

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 120
Author(s):  
Cecília L. P. Resende ◽  
Leandro F. Damaso ◽  
Mylla C. R. Ávila ◽  
Daniel D. C. Carvalho ◽  
Patrícia G. S. Melo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Technological Level ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
The One ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

The efficiency and responsiveness agronomic to the main macronutrients is becoming increasingly important due to the risk of supply, since it is a finite resource. In addition, excess fertilizer decreases the quality of water and air. Thus, the objective of this work was to assess the corn hybrids in terms of their efficiency and responsiveness to nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), and identify the ones most suitable for fresh consumption, according to the product type and technological level to be adopted by the farmer. The randomized complete block design in a 10 × 3 (hybrids and doses) factorial scheme was adopted for the experiment, with three replications, for two season crops (2013/14 and 2014/15). Ten hybrids (2B512PW, 2B587PW, 2B707PW, 30F35HR, 30F53YH, AG1051, BRS1055, BM3061, P3646H e P3862YH) were used in isolation under low availability (without application) and partial, of N, P and K, in an isolated manner, also evaluated under the recommended dose, aiming at fresh consumption. The most efficient and responsive hybrid must first be identified in isolation, based on the availability it is subjected to and later, by its sale, focused on fresh consumption. The hybrids indicated for low availability (low technological level) were BRS1055 and 30F53YH, with respect to responsiveness or agronomic efficiency, the hybrid P3862YH was the one that presented the best performance and indicated for technological levels of medium to high, considering the classification obtained for the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium for production vegetable corn.

scholarly journals Organik ve Konvansiyonel Üzüm Yetiştiriciliği Yöntemlerinin Asmadaki Bitki Besin Maddesi İçeriklerine Etkisi

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 464
Author(s):  
Fadime Ateş ◽  
Bülent Yağmur ◽  
Çiğdem Takma
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Blade ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Production Method ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Grape Variety ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

The research was established in 15 years old Sultana vineyard under irrigable soil conditions in Alaşehir-Yeşilyurt Viticulture Research Institute during organic production phase from 2006 to 2007. This study was conducted to find out the effects of organic and conventional of mineral elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Zn, and Mn) of lamina and petiole leaf at Alaşehir, Manisa, which is of a potential important in the production of Sultani Çekirdeksiz grape variety. In the experiment which was carried out in the randomized complete block design with three replications, organic and conventional grape growing were performed. As a result of the research, comparing the conventional and organic grape production methods in terms of the nutrient content of Sultani Çekirdeksiz grape variety, it was determined that the nutrient content in leaf blade and petiole of grapevine in the organic production method has higher values than the conventional method.

scholarly journals Phenotypic and Physiological Evaluation of Wheat Genotypes under Non-Saline and Saline Soil Conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 29-43
Author(s):  
Hamada Amer ◽  
Mohamed Z. Dakroury ◽  
Ibrahim S. El Basyoni ◽  
Hanaa M. Abouzied
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Saline Soil ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Salinity Levels ◽  
Physiological Evaluation

This study was conducted to assess the effect of soil salinity on leaf area (LA), the number of days to flowering (DF), plant height (PH), and grain yield. Overall, 60 wheat genotypes were used, including 49 CIMMYT elite lines and 11 commercially grown Egyptian wheat cultivars. During two growing seasons (2017 and 2018), the genotypes were grown in non-saline (S0) and saline (S1) soils. A randomized complete block design with three replicates was used in a split-plot arrangement. Salinity levels were randomly assigned to the main plots, while genotypes were randomly assigned to the subplots. The obtained results showed that the saline soil adversely affected the evaluated genotypes. Furthermore, a highly significant effect of genotypes × salinity was observed on grain yield and its attributed traits. Based on salinity indices results, some of the imported wheat genotypes outperformed the Egyptian cultivars in grain yield under salinity stress conditions. The results further indicated that Sakha-93, C-31, and C-40 were the most salt-tolerant genotypes. The best performing line among the CIMMYT lines was C-31, which recorded the highest grain yield under none-saline and saline soil in the two seasons of study.

scholarly journals Weed infestations in soybean grown in succession to cropping systems with sorghum and cover plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joilson Sodré Filho ◽  
Ricardo Carmona ◽  
Robélio Leandro Marchão ◽  
Arminda Moreira de Carvalho
Keyword(s):  
Cover Crops ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Weed Diversity ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of sorghum and cover plant cropping systems before soybean cultivation on the occurrence of weeds during soybean growing in the Brazilian Cerrado. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates. The treatments comprised six cropping systems before soybean: sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha), and Congo grass (Urochloa ruziziensis) as cover plants, alone or intercropped, in addition to fallowing. Weeds were evaluated as to: density, dry matter mass, diversity, importance value, and similarity. The greatest similarity of weeds ocurred in single crops of sorghum, palisade grass, and Congo grass, in comparison with their intercroppings. Congo grass before soybean promoted a greater reduction in weed diversity overtime, when compared with palisade grass. The absence of cover crops before soybean cultivation increased weed infestation during the soybean cycle. The cropping systems with sorghum intercropped with cover crops before the soybean cultivation affect the diversity and the importance value of weed species.

scholarly journals Weed Flora Dynamics in Maize (Zea mays L.) Field as Influenced by Cover Crop Types and Planting Densities at Jalingo, Northeast, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
G. C. Michael ◽  
H. Tijani-Eniola ◽  
F. A. Nwagwu ◽  
O. W. Olaniyi
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Sida Acuta ◽  
Commelina Benghalensis ◽  
Tridax Procumbens ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Weed Flora

Aim: Competition from weeds is an obstacle to profitable maize production. Knowledge of weed species limiting productivity is essential for sustainable management. A two years field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of a leguminous cover crop, akidi (Vigna unquiculata sub-sp sequipedalis) and two non-leguminous cover crops (melon and sweet potato) planted at three densities on weed flora composition and shift in maize at Jalingo, North-eastern Nigeria. Study Design: There were 11 treatments replicated three times in a randomized complete block design. Methodology: Low, moderate and high densities (20,000, 30,000 and 40,000 stands/ha respectively) of Akidi, Melon and Sweet potato (A1, A2, A3, M1, M2, M3, S1, S2, S3) with weeded (C1) and unweeded (C2) checks constituted the treatments laid out in a randomized complete block design replicated three times. Weed flora abundance, percentage density, percentage frequency, frequency index and percentage contributions were determined from a 50cm x 50cm quadrat thrown twice per plot at various phases of maize growth. Results: Thirteen weed families made up of 11 broad leaves, one grass and one sedge were identified. The abundance was in the order Broad leaf > Grass > Sedges. The most abundant weed species were: Imperata cylindrica L (3.8), Mucuna utilis (3.0), Oldenlandia herbacea L. (2.6) Sida acuta Burm F, Tridax procumbens L. (2.5 each), Leucas martinicensis, Pennisetum pedicellatum (2.3 each). Commelina benghalensis, Cyperus difformis (3.5), Digitaria horizontalis, Fimbristylis littoralis (2.8 each). The influence of selected cover crops on individual weed percentage the contribution shows: Commelina benghalensis ( C2<C1 < M <S< A), Euphorbia hyssopifolia (C2<M/S < A<C1), Euphorbia heterophylla (M<S<A), Leucasmartinicensis (C1<C2<M<A<S), Mucunautilis (S<M<C1<C2<A) and Sida acuta (M<S<A<C2<C1) while grassy weeds, Imperata cylindrical (A<C2<S<M), Pennisetum pedicellatum (A<C2), Digitaria horizontalis (C1/ C2< A < M <S), Kyllinga squamulata (M/S <C2<A <C1). Commelina spp. increased in status from an accessory (21.2%) to abundance (66.7%) while others increased from rare to accessory (from 0.0 to 20-40%). Conclusion: Akidi was more effective on broad-leaved weeds while melon and sweet potato were more effective on grasses and Commelina benghalensis need to be monitored.

scholarly journals The Effect of Leguminous Cover Crops on Growth and Yield of Garden Eggs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Boateng ◽  
R. Tetteh
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Phaseolus Lunatus ◽  
Mucuna Pruriens ◽  
Ground Control ◽  
Bare Ground ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design

The use of cover crops is a way of sustainable agriculture in which nutrients are recycled and the use of inorganic fertilizer is reduced. Leguminous cover crops for instance are known to enrich the soil through the fixing of nitrogen in the form of nitrates in the soil for plant use. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of some leguminous cover crops on growth and yield of garden eggs. The study consisted of five treatments, namely Bare ground (control), fertilizer (NPK 15:15:15), Mucuna pruriens, Glycine max and Phaseolus lunatus laid in a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. Data collected were on vegetative growth and yield parameters. Results showed that plant height of garden eggs was highest in Phaseolus treated plots and this was followed by the Glycine max plots. Phaseolus treated plots had the highest yield in terms of the number of fruits harvested and weight of fruits harvested.

scholarly journals Performance of carrot genotypes at two Jequitinhonha Valley sites

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 4059
Author(s):  
Gustavo Antônio Mendes Pereira ◽  
Maxwel Coura Oliveira ◽  
Altino Júnior Mendes Oliveira ◽  
José Sebastião Cunha Fernandes ◽  
Valter Carvalho de Andrade Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Commercial Yield ◽  
The Town

<p>The successful commercial use of carrot depends on the choice of cultivars that are well-adapted to soil and climate conditions at the cultivation site and on good consumer acceptance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of carrot cultivars grown in autumn-winter in two towns with different climatic characteristics, in the High Jequitinhonha Valley, MG, Brazil. The experiments were conducted on the Rio Manso farm, in the town of Couto de Magalhães de Minas and on Campus JK at UFVJM, in the town of Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Six carrot cultivars (Brasília, Nantes, Kuronan, Esplanada, Planalto and Tornado) were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The following morpho-agronomic characteristics were evaluated 100 days after sowing: shoot height, root length, root dry matter, total dry matter, harvest index, commercial yield and total yield root. The most suitable cultivars in Diamantina were Planalto, Tornado and Kuronan, and the cultivatar Planalto was the best suited to Couto de Magalhães de Minas. The agronomic performance of the cultivars was higher in Couto de Magalhães de Minas for the majority of the study variables, resulting in a higher total yield and commercial root yield. The climatic and soil conditions of Diamantina induced flowering in most cultivars, causing a loss to the commercial yield in autumn-winter cultivation.</p>

scholarly journals Contribution of roots and shoots of Brachiaria species to soybean performance in succession

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 592-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvadi Antonio Balbinot Junior ◽  
Julio Cezar Franchini Dos Santos ◽  
Henrique Debiasi ◽  
Anderson Hideo Yokoyama
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Crop Season ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Grass Root ◽  
Root Effects ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of roots and straw of palisade grass (Urochloa brizantha) and Ruzi grass (U. ruziziensis), used as cover crops in autumn-winter, on soybean performance. Seven treatments were evaluated in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates: fallow, during autumn-winter; straw of U. ruziziensis or U. brizantha 'BRS Piatã', distributed in plots kept under fallow in the winter, without roots; plots only with roots of U. ruziziensis or U. brizantha, without straw; and plots with straw and roots of U. ruziziensis or U. brizantha. The grass species were planted during the 2014/2015 crop season, and treatments were evaluated at the end of the 2015/2016 crop season, without drought during the soybean cycle. The oil and protein contents of soybean grains were not affected significantly by the treatments. However, the cultivation of grass species during autumn-winter increased soybean grain yield in comparison with fallow. Grass root effects are more expressive than those of straw. The combined presence of roots and straw confers a better performance to soybean than the isolated presence of roots or straw.

Studies of Genetic Variability of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Hybrids under Protected Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 264-270
Author(s):  
Kanchhi Maya Waiba ◽  
◽  
Parveen Sharma ◽  
Kasi Indra Kumar ◽  
Shivani Chauhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Hybrid Combination ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Horticultural Traits ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One

A study was conducted to estimate genetic variability among horticultural traits and to evaluate these hybrids for protected environmental cultivation during spring-summer season, 2019 (April-September). Twelve hybrids of tomato were evaluated under modified naturally ventilated poly-house at the Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya following Randomized Complete Block Design (RBD) with three replications, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India. Based on the mean performance, hybrid CLN2126×CLN1314G was found promising for yield plant-1 (4.37 kg) yield m-2 area (26.24 kg), TSS (6.53 °B), days to 50% flowering (26.66 days), days to first picking (67.33 days), number of fruits per plant (64.01), inter-nodal length (17.71 cm), number of nodes plant-1 (16.70 nodes) and plant height 316.87 cm). So, an ideal plant type producing a higher yield per plant will be the one having traits like a higher number of fruits per plant, and lesser days to first picking. It is concluded that the hybrid combination CLN2126×CLN1314G is promising for these traits. This can be included for multi-locational testing in different agro-climatic zones of Himachal Pradesh under protected environment.

scholarly journals Yield performance of apple rootstocks of the Geneva series on replanting soil

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 924-933
Author(s):  
Frederico Denardi ◽  
Marcus Vinícius Kvitschal ◽  
Maraisa Crestani Hawerroth
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Apple Rootstocks ◽  
Crop Season ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Lower Ability ◽  
Agronomic Potential

Abstract: The objective of this work was to identify rootstocks with competitive agronomic potential to substitute those currently used in Southern Brazil for the Galaxy and Fuji Suprema apple scion cultivars cultivated on replanting soils. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Lebon Regis, in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, from the 2009/2010 to the 2014/2015 crop season, in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates. The yield performance of the 'Galaxy' and 'Fuji Suprema' scions grafted on the G.056, G.202, G.213, G.814, G.896, G.969, M.9, and Marubakaido/M.9 rootstocks was evaluated. G.896 and G.814 stood out due to their superior annual and cumulative fruit yields, as well as to their greater yield regularity, although they showed lower ability of dwarfing the scion. The greatest average fruit weight of 'Galaxy' was obtained on G.056 and G.213. For 'Fuji Suprema', G.969 promoted smaller fruits, whereas the other rootstocks did not differ. All the evaluated rootstocks produced less suckers than Marubakaido/M.9 and less burrknots than M.9 and Marubakaido/M.9. In general, on replanting soil conditions, G.202 is promising among dwarfing rootstocks, mainly for 'Fuji Suprema'. G.056, G.814, and G.896 also stand out, and the two first are more specific for 'Fuji Suprema'.

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