Identification of Fungal Isolates from Soils of Rice and Napier Grass

2020 ◽  
pp. 193-203
Author(s):  
Thu Htet Naing ◽  
Tin Tun Naing ◽  
Yu Yu Min ◽  
Atsushi Yoshimura
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Alternaria Sp ◽  
The University ◽  
Upland Condition

Microbial diversity of cultivated soil is the key resource for maintaining the functional capacity of agricultural and natural ecosystem. The research aimed to study the prevalence of soil fungi from the soils of rice and napier grass fields. Soil samples were collected from the fields of rice in flooded condition and napier grass in the upland condition at the University farm. Soil fungi were cultured on RB media through the serial dilution method. A total of 13 isolates were cultured, in which 11 from the soil collected from rice cultivated field and 2 from napier grass field. Seven out of 11 isolates collected from rice and 2 from napier grass were selected and identified through the morphological characters such as colony color, mycelium diameter, color and segmentaiton, spore size and color. Mycelium growths were examined on the PDA and RB media. Fungal isolates collected in this study were morphologically identified/ characterized as Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. terreus, A. carbonarius, A. nidulans, Alternaria sp., Penicillium and Talaromyces. Fungal species differed among the soils were discussed.

scholarly journals New plectosphaerellaceous species from Dutch garden soil

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 1135-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandra Giraldo ◽  
Margarita Hernández-Restrepo ◽  
Pedro W. Crous
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Garden Soil ◽  
Science Project ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
University Museum ◽  
Citizen Science Project

Abstract During 2017, the Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute (WI) and the Utrecht University Museum launched a Citizen Science project. Dutch school children collected soil samples from gardens at different localities in the Netherlands, and submitted them to the WI where they were analysed in order to find new fungal species. Around 3000 fungal isolates, including filamentous fungi and yeasts, were cultured, preserved and submitted for DNA sequencing. Through analysis of the ITS and LSU sequences from the obtained isolates, several plectosphaerellaceous fungi were identified for further study. Based on morphological characters and the combined analysis of the ITS and TEF1-α sequences, some isolates were found to represent new species in the genera Phialoparvum, i.e. Ph. maaspleinense and Ph. rietveltiae, and Plectosphaerella, i.e. Pl. hanneae and Pl. verschoorii, which are described and illustrated here.

scholarly journals Colonial and Morphological Characteristics of Soil Fungi from Jhum Land

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asangla Kichu ◽  
T Ajungla ◽  
Gloria Nyenthang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Plant Nutrient ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Accurate Identification ◽  
Native Soil ◽  
Serial Dilution Method ◽  
Microbial Groups

Soil fungi represent one of the important microbial groups that are actively involved in enhancement of environmental quality and plant nutrient supply. Studying native soil fungal species and their accurate identification is crucial for contribution to the checklist of fungi. The present study aimed at isolation and identification of some soil fungi from Jhum land, Mokokchung district, Nagaland. Serial dilution method was used to isolate soil fungi on RBA (Rose Bengal Agar) and PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) plates. Altogether fourteen fungal species belonging to genera Absidia, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Geotrichum, Mortierella, Mucor, Penicillium and Trichoderma were identified by studying their macro- and micro-morphological characteristics.

scholarly journals Preservation of penicillium species by lyophilization

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (51) ◽  
pp. 6055-6064
Author(s):  
K Ibatsam ◽  
◽  
B Rukhsana ◽  
G Nasim
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Penicillium Species ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Fungal Identification ◽  
Pure Cultures

The maintenance and production of reliable pure cultures with desirable quality is a key operation and the first significant stage in the success of fungal identification. This study assessed spawn preservation and lyophilization (freeze drying) of cultures, for a long time. The sampling was done during the years 2008-2010. Samples were processed in fungal research laboratory of First Fungal Culture Bank of Pakistan (FCBP), Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan. Lyophilization has been used to stabilize living cells and fungal isolates, to dehydrate vast range of materials, including foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals, biotechnology products, vaccines, and diagnostic and biological materials, to improve the storage and the quality of DNA after extraction. Long-term maintenance of Penicillium species is essential for detailed studies. Fifty Penicillium species were isolated from different sources by direct and dilution method, and then preserved by spawn and lyophilization technique. Fungal isolates were purified and identified based on their morphology. The viability and purity of the fungal species by fungal spawn and lyophilized material (fungal spawn and fungal mat) were monitored immediately after storage at 1, 2 and 3 months at 4 oC. Each fungal isolate was considered viable if the rate of growth present was the same as that of the original culture and if the morphology of the colony matched the fungal identification documented for each species. All lyophilized Penicillium species were found viable at 1-3 months of storage recovered each time from both type of lyophilized material, fungal spawn and fungal mat and showed the initial colony characteristics and growth rates. Neither stabilizer nor skimmed milk was used in fungal material to protect it from sticking with the walls of the container. Modified method of Penicillium spawn preservation by lyoplilization has been found cost effective in contrast to liquid nitrogen preservation. It was concluded that lyophilization is simple, inexpensive, reliable and effective method for the long term preservation of Penicillium isolates.

Ophiostomatoid Fungi Associated with Cryphalus Piceae in Shandong province in eastern China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Runlei Chang ◽  
Xiuyu Zhang ◽  
Hongli Si ◽  
Guoyan Zhao ◽  
Xiaowen Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Shandong Province ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Ophiostomatoid Fungi ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Isolated Species

Abstract Cryphalus piceae parasitizes various economically important conifers. Similar to other bark beetles, C. picea vectors an assortment of fungi and nematodes. Previously, several ophiostomatoid fungi were isolated from C. piceae in Poland and Japan. In the present study, we explored the diversity of ophiostomatoid fungi associated with C. piceae infesting pines in the Shandong Province of China. We isolated ophiostomatoid fungi from both galleries and beetles collected from our study sites. These fungal isolates were identified using both molecular and morphological data. Through this study, we recovered 176 isolates of ophiostomatoid fungi representing at least seven species. Ophiostoma ips was the most frequently isolated species. Analyses of molecular and morphological data indicated four of the ophiostomatoid fungal species recovered in this study were previously undescribed. Hereby, we described these species as Ceratocystiopsis yantaiensis sp. nov., C. weihaiensis sp. nov., Graphilbum translucens sp. nov. and Sporothrix villosa sp. nov. A majority of the ophiostomatoid fungi recovered in this study were novel species. This suggests that the forests in China harbour an assortment of undescribed ophiostomatoid fungi yet to be discovered.

Screening and Identification of Laccase Producing Fungi from Environmental Samples

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-98
Author(s):  
A. Bello ◽  
◽  
J. B. Ameh ◽  
D. A. Machido ◽  
A. I. Mohammed-Dabo
Keyword(s):  
Tannic Acid ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Laccase Production ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Main Campus ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Screening And Identification ◽  
Decaying Wood

Laccases are oxidases with broad substrate specificity and ability to oxidize various phenolic and non-phenolic compounds. This study was carried out to isolate and characterizes laccase producing fungi from environment samples. Soil and decaying wood samples were collected from different locations within Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria Main campus. Suspensions of the samples (1 g in 10 mL sterile distilled water) were serially diluted, inoculated onto Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) containing 0.01% Chloramphenicol and incubated for 7 days at 30oC.The fungal isolates were characterized macroscopically and microscopically with the aid of an atlas. The identified fungal isolates were screened for laccase production by inoculating onto PDA containing 0.02% Guaiacol, 1mM ABTS (2 2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and 0.5% Tannic acid as indicator compounds and incubated at 250C for 7 days. The laccase producing isolates were confirmed molecularly by ITS rDNA sequence analysis using the FASTA algorithm with the Fungus database from the European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI).A total of 25 fungal species (11 from soil and 14 from decaying wood samples) were isolated. Two isolates from the soil origin identified as Curvularia lunata SSI7 (Accession No. QIE06317.1) and Fusarium clade VII SSI3 (Accession No. GQ505677) were found to produce laccase where Curvularia lunata SSI7 was able to oxidize all the indicator compounds used for the screening. Fusarium clade VII SSI3 was able to oxidize only 0.5% Tannic acid. Laccase producing Curvularia lunata and Fusarium clade VII were isolated from soil samples collected from ABU Zaria Main Campus. Keywords: laccase, fungi, soil, decaying wood

scholarly journals Molds in museum environments: Biodeterioration of art photographs and wooden sculptures

2013 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 955-962 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milica Ljaljevic-Grbic ◽  
M. Stupar ◽  
Jelena Vukojevic ◽  
Ivana Maricic ◽  
Natasa Bungur
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Chaetomium Globosum ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Cellulolytic Activity ◽  
Cultural Center ◽  
Fungal Propagules ◽  
Alternaria Sp

Pieces of art stored in museum depots and display rooms are subject to fungal colonization that leads to bio-deterioration processes. Deteriorated wooden sculptures and art photographs temporarily stored in the quarantine room of the Cultural Center of Belgrade were subject to mycological analyses. Twelve fungal species were identified on the wooden substratum and five species were detected on photograph surfaces. Trichoderma viride, Chaetomium globosum and Alternaria sp. were the fungi with proven cellulolytic activity detected on the examined cellulose substrata. Indoor air mycobiota were estimated to 210.09 ? 8.06 CFU m-3, and the conidia of fungus Aspergillus niger were the dominant fungal propagules in the air of the examined room.

scholarly journals Rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere mycoflora of two ferns from Panhala Fort, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 8638
Author(s):  
P. R. Hande ◽  
M. M. Dongare
Keyword(s):  
Western Ghats ◽  
Soil Fungi ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Rhizosphere Effect ◽  
Rhizosphere Soils ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Fern Species ◽  
Preliminary Study

Hypodematium crenatum (Forssk.) Kuhn and Anogramma leptophylla (L.) Link are threatened fern species from Western Ghats.  The present paper endorses the preliminary study on mycoflora associated with these ferns.  Eighteen fungal species have been isolated from rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of selected ferns.  More diversity of fungi was observed in non-rhizosphere as compared to rhizosphere soils of both the ferns.  Aspergillus was found to be the most dominant genus among the population followed by Penicillium.  Higher percentage of fungal species is shown by H. crenatum, i.e., 44.5% in non-rhizosphere and 27.77% in rhizosphere; while a lower percentage of fungal species was found in A. leptophylla, i.e., 38.88% in non-rhizosphere and 16.66% in rhizosphere.  Number of colony forming units per gram soil was more in non-rhizosphere of A. leptophylla while it was less in non-rhizosphere of H. crenatum.  Inhibitory rhizosphere effect was exerted by A. leptophylla while H. crenatum has stimulatory effect on soil fungi. 

scholarly journals Interactive key (Lucid) for identification of fungi in vegetable seeds

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-19
Author(s):  
Caroline Geraldi Pierozzi ◽  
Ricardo Toshio Fujihara ◽  
Efrain de Santana Souza ◽  
Marília Pizetta ◽  
Maria Márcia Pereira Sartori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Identification Accuracy ◽  
Difficulty Level ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Correct Identification

ABSTRACT Interactive keys are tools that aid research and technical work since identification of organisms has become increasingly present in the scientific and academic context. An interactive key was developed with the software Lucid v. 3.3 for the identification of eleven fungal species associated with onion, carrot, pepper and tomato seeds. It was based on a matrix composed of six features: crop, conidium, conidiophore, color of long conidiophore, color of mycelium and presence of setae, besides 21 character states. In addition, descriptions, illustrations and high-resolution photographs of the morphological characters and states were made available to aid in the correct identification of fungal species. Validation of the interactive key was performed by distinct groups of volunteers: (i) graduate students with prior knowledge and using the interactive key; (ii) undergraduate students with little prior knowledge and using the interactive key, and (iii) undergraduate students with little prior knowledge and using the conventional identification system such as the printed manuals used in seed pathology laboratories. We analyzed the time spent by each volunteer to evaluate 25 seeds infected with the fungal species in the key, as well as the percentage of success and the difficulty level for each participant. The high percentage of correct answers with the use of the interactive key and the ease of use by the volunteers confirmed its efficiency because there was an increase in the identification accuracy when compared to the conventional system. Furthermore, the rate of success and the difficulty level presented low variability within groups (i) and (ii). These results are a consequence of the interaction of the user with characteristics of the developed tool, such as high-resolution photographs, which faithfully reproduce the fungal characteristics observed in the seeds under a stereomicroscope. Thus, the interactive key presented here can aid in teaching, institutional and commercial research, inspection and certification of seeds, making diagnosis safer and more accurate. The key is available for free at https://keys.lucidcentral.org/keys/v3/seed_fungi/.

Genetic variation between and within two populations of Trifolium glomeratum (cluster clover) in Western Australia

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarita Jane Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Field Station ◽  
Site Variation ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
The University ◽  
Two Populations

Genetic variation between and within populations of Trifolium glomeratum (cluster clover) was studied using seed collected from 2 sites in Western Australia: Mount Barker in the south and Kwelkan in the wheatbelt. Seed was collected at 64 subplots within each site and the material was grown at the University Field Station at Shenton Park, Perth. Seventeen morphological characters were scored and the results were analysed using analysis of variance, principal components analysis, and cluster analysis. Within-site variation was much greater than had previously been shown, and a considerable amount of between-site variation was present. It is suggested that within-site variation is due to a small amount of heterozygosity, as a result of limited outbreeding, being present in each population. The 2 populations are shown to be distinct from each other, with the population from Mount Barker containing more within-site variation. It is suggested that this is a result of climatic stress influencing and reducing the amount of variation being maintained in the Kwelkan population.

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