scholarly journals Comparative Studies of Two Developed On-farm Solar Dryers for Vegetables

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-35
Author(s):  
S. A. Okaiyeto ◽  
Y. A. Unguwanrimi ◽  
S. I. Ogijo ◽  
B. J. Jonga ◽  
A. M. Sada
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Mode ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Axial Fan ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Wooden Frame ◽  
Average System ◽  
Absorbing Material ◽  
And Performance ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Drying Chamber

This research work was carried out to provide local farmers with on-farm solar dryers to minimize post-harvest losses of vegetables. Two dryers (Mixed mode and Indirect mode on-farm solar dryers) were constructed using locally available materials. The dryers basically consist of a blower, a collector area and a drying chamber. Aluminum sheet is placed inside the collector which serves as the absorbing material. An electrical axial fan was placed before the air duct to supply air responsible for forcing heated air to blow over the vegetables to be dried. Incorporated in the drying chamber are trays which provide a platform where the products to be dried were spread evenly. Transparent polythene material of 0.2 mm thickness with wooden frame was used as cover for the dryers. The dryers were evaluated to determine drying time and performance efficiencies, using Baobab leaves, Tomato and Okra slices as test crops. Collected data were analyzed using Statistical Analysis Software (SAS). The effects of variation of the independent factors were verified using Analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 1% and 5% levels of significant. Mean separation was carried out on significant factors using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results obtained showed the performance of the developed dryers, which indicates that drying time of mixed mode on-farm solar dryer stood at 56 hrs and 46 hrs while that of the indirect mode dryer was 76.67 hrs and 57 hrs and that of open sun drying was 154 hrs and 127 hrs for tomato and okra slices respectively. Results obtained showed that average system drying, energy collection and pick up efficiencies for the three test crops were 16.35%, 21.1% and 8.05% for mixed mode dryer respectively and 28.63%, 45.3% and 0.3% for indirect mode dryer, respectively. From the results obtained the mixed mode dryer dried all the products faster while indirect mode has superior energy efficiencies.

scholarly journals Design and Performance Evaluation of a Mixed-Mode Solar Crop Dryer

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shitu Abubakar ◽  
Samaila Umaru ◽  
Fatai O Anafi ◽  
Aminu S Abubakar
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Mixed Mode ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Coordinate Position ◽  
Collector Efficiency ◽  
Drying Rates ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Drying Efficiency ◽  
Drying Chamber

This study is concerned with development and performance evaluation of a mixed-mode solar  yam dryer. It was done to address the problems of uneven drying of product on different trays coordinate position in a typical indirect multiple trays dryer. Solar energy drying system was designed using the meteorological conditions of Zaria, Nigeria to dry yam slices in the mixed-mode natural convection. The dryer was designed to dry (7 kg) of yam slices. The dimensions of the dryer were: collector length, collector area, height of the drying chamber, chimney height, length of the drying chamber, and Width of the drying chamber were 0.65 m, 0.27 m2, 0.9 m, 0.7 m, 0.5 m, and 0.43 m, respectively. The solar yam dryer was exposed to solar radiation from 10:00 am to 06:00 pm and tested without load and with yam chips of 5 mm average thickness. Meteorological conditions were monitored during the dehydration process. The average drying rate, collector efficiency and drying efficiency were 2.55 kg/s, 42.20% and 25.35%, respectively. The results of performance evaluation of the solar dryer showed that the drying rate decreases by 3% and 8% in the second and third trays relative to the first tray. This shows that the drying rates did not vary significantly with the coordinate positions of the trays.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Three Solar Drying Methods of Adensonia digitate L. (Baobab Leaves using Drying Kinetics and Empirical Drying Models)

2021 ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
S. A. Okaiyeto ◽  
Nathaniel Oji ◽  
Y. A. Unguwanrimi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Mixed Mode ◽  
Moisture Diffusivity ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Solar Drying ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Effective Moisture ◽  
Solar Dryer ◽  
Drying Models ◽  
On Farm

A comparative study of three drying methods of baobab leaves have been conducted and reported. Mixed mode solar drying, indirect mode solar drying and open sun drying of baobab leaves were conducted based on three drying models viz a viz Lewis,. Page and Henderson and Pabis models were employed in this research. Baobab leaves dried faster when dried under the mixed mode on-farm solar dryer. Drying time reduced considerably using the mixed mode on-farm solar dryer. Drying data were fitted into Lewis, Page and Henderson and Pabis models. Henderson and Pabis model (R2=0.9999, 0.9611, 0.9656; X2= 1.0297, 0.7931, 0.7710; RMSE= 0.5859, 0.6898, 0.6802 and MBE= -0.4.135, -0.4.231, -0.4176) gave the best prediction for the mixed mode drying). In the same way Henderson and Pabis model (R2=0.7450, 0.7699, 0.8243; X2= 1.9025, 0.4026, 0.2006; RMSE= 1.0684, 0.5181, 0.4058 and MBE= -0.8966, -0.3823, 0.2789) gave the best prediction for the indirect mode drying of baobab leaves. Effective moisture diffusivity of baobab leaves varied between -6.382 X 10-04 and -1.108 X 10-03 m2/s.

ANTECEDENTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reeta Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Organizational Justice ◽  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Turnover Intentions ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Antecedents And Consequences ◽  
And Performance

Employee’s perception regarding fairness in the organization is termed as organizational justice. The objective of this paper is to study the antecedents and consequences of organizational justice on the basis of earlier relevant studies from the period ranging from 1964 to 2015. Previous research identified employee participation, communication, justice climate as the antecedents and trust, job satisfaction, commitment, turnover intentions, organizational citizenship behavior and performance as the consequences of organizational justice. Finding reveals the gaps existing in the literature and gives suggestions for future research work.

scholarly journals Energetic and exergetic analysis of a convective drier: A case study of potato drying process

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 563-572
Author(s):  
Iman Golpour ◽  
Mohammad Kaveh ◽  
Reza Amiri Chayjan ◽  
Raquel P. F. Guiné
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Exergy Efficiency ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Convective Drying ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Energy And Exergy ◽  
Exergy Losses

AbstractThis research work focused on the evaluation of energy and exergy in the convective drying of potato slices. Experiments were conducted at four air temperatures (40, 50, 60 and 70°C) and three air velocities (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 m/s) in a convective dryer, with circulating heated air. Freshly harvested potatoes with initial moisture content (MC) of 79.9% wet basis were used in this research. The influence of temperature and air velocity was investigated in terms of energy and exergy (energy utilization [EU], energy utilization ratio [EUR], exergy losses and exergy efficiency). The calculations for energy and exergy were based on the first and second laws of thermodynamics. Results indicated that EU, EUR and exergy losses decreased along drying time, while exergy efficiency increased. The specific energy consumption (SEC) varied from 1.94 × 105 to 3.14 × 105 kJ/kg. The exergy loss varied in the range of 0.006 to 0.036 kJ/s and the maximum exergy efficiency obtained was 85.85% at 70°C and 0.5 m/s, while minimum exergy efficiency was 57.07% at 40°C and 1.5 m/s. Moreover, the values of exergetic improvement potential (IP) rate changed between 0.0016 and 0.0046 kJ/s and the highest value occurred for drying at 70°C and 1.5 m/s, whereas the lowest value was for 70°C and 0.5 m/s. As a result, this knowledge will allow the optimization of convective dryers, when operating for the drying of this food product or others, as well as choosing the most appropriate operating conditions that cause the reduction of energy consumption, irreversibilities and losses in the industrial convective drying processes.

A study of factors which influence the job satisfaction of stockpeople on commercial pig farms

1990 ◽  
Vol 1990 ◽  
pp. 95-95
Author(s):  
R C Segundo ◽  
P R English ◽  
G Burgess ◽  
S A Edwards ◽  
O MacPherson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Considerable Influence ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Farm Livestock

The role of stockmanship in relation to the wellbeing of farm animals has been emphasised in the UK Codes of Recommendations for the Welfare of Farm Livestock (MAFF, 1983). Moreover, previous research work has demonstrated important effects of good and bad stockmanship not only on welfare but also on growth, lactational and reproductive performance of pigs and other farm livestock (Hemsworth et al, 1987). There is a need, therefore, to establish the factors which motivate and demotivate stockpeople since the degree of job satisfaction is likely to have a considerable influence on the attitude and performance of stockpeople and on their empathy with the animals in their care. With this objective in mind, a questionnaire was designed to investigate the aspects which could have an influence on the job satisfaction of the stockpeople involved in pig production.

Pasture renewal in the Waikato and Bay of Plenty regions: An overview of farmer practice, experience and attitudes

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Kelly Smith ◽  
R. Brazendale
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Farm Management ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Practice Experience ◽  
Rate Information ◽  
And Performance ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Over Time

Pasture persistence and performance, and associated issues such as black beetle, are of central concern to dairy farmers. The Pasture Renewal Survey 2010 aimed to better understand farmers' confidence in their ability to make informed decisions on their pasture renewal practices, their satisfaction with the success of this decision-making and the performance of their renewed pastures over time. In addition, the survey investigated their attitudes to information sources and what barriers they saw to improving pasture performance on farm. A postal and online survey elicited responses from 776 dairy farmers in the Waikato and Bay of Plenty regions. The four main findings of the work were: 1. Farmers are more confident of their ability to make appropriate on-farm management decisions for renewed pasture than they are of their ability to choose appropriate cultivars and endophyte. 2. Farmers, while generally satisfied with their own success in renewing pasture, reported decreasing levels of satisfaction with renewed pastures over the 3 successive years following renewal. 3. Farmers do not rate information sources very highly in terms of their usefulness in relation to pasture renewal. 4. Weather-related issues and pest-related issues (particularly black beetle) were the most commonly identified barriers to improving pasture performance. Keywords: farmer confidence, farmer satisfaction, information sources, pasture renewal.

scholarly journals Design and Build a Multilevel Mace Nutmeg Dryer to Improve the People's Economy

SinkrOn ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-112
Author(s):  
Ihsan Ihsan ◽  
Dirja Nur Ilham ◽  
Reza Ade Putra ◽  
Rudi Arif Candra ◽  
Arie Budiansyah
Keyword(s):  
Software Design ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
Agricultural Community ◽  
Design Software

Nutmeg is a source of income for some people in South Aceh, and some types of nutmeg, like mace nutmeg, are of better quality. Mace nutmeg is also an agricultural community with great economic value and benefits for humans, as it can be processed into spices and herbs. A range of products includes nutmeg oil and medicines. The harvesting and drying of mace nutmeg, which is still considered a problem by nutmeg growers, cannot be isolated from the processing of the basic ingredients. The natural process of drying mace nutmeg involves the use of sunshine, which necessitates a considerable drying time. Therefore nutmeg farmers frequently complain of erratic weather, especially during the wet season. The constant rain can cause the mace to rot, causing the nutmeg farming community's revenue to become unstable. Methods and steps of research work starting from the study of literature, determination of design specifications, hardware design, software design, toolmaking, tool testing.Good results were reached with the dryness of the mace nutmeg, which can be adjusted, and without putting into account the weather in the drying process, which is usually done with the heat of the sun, per the results of the testing of the designed tools.The average dryness of mace nutmeg is at a temperature of 45 percent with a time of 4 hours and a capacity of 100 grams; according to the test results of the automatic mace drying machine, it produces 50 grams of dry mace.  

scholarly journals A Bibliometric Analysis of Behavioral Finance and Behavioral Accounting

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 198-230
Author(s):  
Bharati Singh
Keyword(s):  
Bibliometric Analysis ◽  
Behavioral Finance ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Cognitive Biases ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Behavioral Accounting ◽  
Cognitive Constraints ◽  
Vos Viewer ◽  
Emerging Themes ◽  
And Performance

This paper presents a bibliometric analysis of relevant publications in the field of behavioral finance and behavioral accounting. The analysis shows that the emerging themes of research in recent years in behavioral finance is on investors’ sentiment, social media, investors’ attention, and financial literacy. In the field of behavioral accounting, biases such as  overconfidence, framing effects or cognitive constraints on information processing, have been explored in greater detail. Other than cognitive biases, this field includes studies such as behavioral tax, organizational ecology, and performance evaluative style of organization, among others. Interestingly, our analysis suggests that research in behavioral accounting is comparatively underdeveloped than research in behavioral finance. This bibliometric analysis has been extended by network analysis using, “Visualization of similarities, (VOS) viewer” software. Using the themes generated here the direction for future scope of research work has been discussed.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Pengeringan Kulit Melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L) dengan Alat Pengering Tipe Tray Dryer untuk Pembuatan Keripik Kulit Melinjo

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 512-521
Author(s):  
Durry Munawar ◽  
Dewi Sri Jayanti ◽  
Raida Agustina
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Drying Rate ◽  
Processed Food ◽  
Airflow Velocity ◽  
Drying Time ◽  
The Public ◽  
Gnetum Gnemon ◽  
Drying Chamber

Abstrak. Pemanfaatan kulit melinjo sebagai produk makanan olahan belum banyak diketahui oleh masyarakat. Biasanya kulit melinjo tidak dimanfaatkan lagi dan dibuang begitu saja padahal kulit melinjo dapat diolah kembali menjadi beberapa produk makanan seperti keripik kulit melinjo, manisan, teh, pewarna makanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik pengeringan dan mutu dalam pembuatan keripik kulit melinjo dengan alat pengering tipe tray dryer pada suhu 35oC dan 45oC. Masing-masing suhu tersebut diulang sebanyak dua kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada suhu 35oC kelembaban udara yang diperoleh adalah 70,50% dengan lama pengeringan 390 menit (6,5 jam) dan rata-rata laju pengeringan sebesar 1,08 bk/menit, sedangkan pada suhu 45oC kelembaban udara yang diperoleh adalah 60,72% dengan lama pengeringan 300 menit (5 jam) dan rata-rata laju pengeringan sebesar 1,32 bk/menit. Kecepatan aliran udara ruang pengering pada suhu 35oC dan 45oC adalah konstan (2,4 m/s). Rata-rata kadar air awal kulit melinjo adalah 82,26% sedangkan kadar air akhir adalah 21,36%. Susut bobot pada suhu 35oC adalah 77,56% dan pada suhu 45oC adalah 77,32%. Hasil uji organoleptik terbaik adalah pada suhu 35oC dengan skor 4,28 untuk warna, 4,50 untuk aroma, 4,53 untuk rasa dan 4,40 untuk tekstur.Characteristic Melinjo Peel (Gnetum gnemon L) Drying with Tray Dryer for Making Melinjo Peel ChipsAbstract. The use of melinjo peel as a processed food product is not widely known in the public. Melinjo peel is usually no longer used and thrown away even though the peel could be reprocessed into several food products such as melinjo peel chips, confectionery, tea, and food coloring. This research aimed to determine the characteristics of drying and quality in the making of melinjo peel chips with tray dryer at 35oC and 45oC. Each temperature is repeated twice. The results showed that at a temperature of 35oC, the humidity was 70.50% with a drying time was 390 minutes (6.5 hours) and the average of drying rate was 1.08 dw/minute, meanwhile at 45oC the humidity was 60.72% with a drying time was 300 minutes (5 hours) and an average of drying rate was 1.32 dw/minute. The airflow velocity of the drying chamber at 35oC and 45oC was constant (2.4m/s). The average of initial moisture of melinjo peel was 82.26% and final moisture was 21.36%. The weight loss at 35oC was 77.56% and at 45oC was 77.32%. The best results of organoleptic test was at temperature 35oC with score 4.28 for color, 4.50 for flavor, 4.53 for taste and 4.40 for texture.

scholarly journals A Concise Review of Control Techniques for Reliable and Efficient Control of Induction Motor

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 1124
Author(s):  
Abdullah Alwadie
Keyword(s):  
Induction Motor ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Variable Frequency ◽  
Control Techniques ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Control Schemes ◽  
Variable Frequency Drives ◽  
And Performance

<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-fareast-font-family: SimSun; mso-themecolor: text1; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;">Induction motors are work-horse of the industry and major element in energy conversion. The replacement of the existing non-adjustable speed drives with the modern variable frequency drives would save considerable amount of electricity. A proper control scheme for variable frequency drives can enhance the efficiency and performance of the drive. This paper attempt to provide a rigorous review of various control schemes for the induction motor control and provides critical analysis and guidelines for the future research work. A detailed study of sensor based control schemes and sensor-less control schemes has been investigated. The operation, advantages, and limitations of the various control schemes are highlighted and different types of optimization techniques have been suggested to overcome the limitations of control techniques</span>

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