scholarly journals Preliminary Phytochemical Screening and Gastrointestinal Study on the Leaf Extract of Stachytarpheta angustifolia Mill Vahl (Verbenaceae) in Rabbit Jejunum

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
M. Mohammed ◽  
A. Danmallam ◽  
M. T. Kolo ◽  
A. A. Abubakar ◽  
M. Babakano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscarinic Receptors ◽  
Pharmacological Activity ◽  
Cardiac Glycoside ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Gastrointestinal Effect ◽  
Rabbit Jejunum ◽  
Dose Concentration

angustifolia (Verbenaceae) is mostly prescribed by the folkloric healers for various gastrointestinal disorders. This study was carried out to ascertain the gastrointestinal effect of the ethanol leaf extract and other various fractions (CHCl3, EtOAc, n- BuOH and residual aqueous) on rabbit Jejunum. The ethanol, n-butanol and residual aqueous of the extract exhibited dose concentration at (0.1, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 mg/ml) dependent contraction of the rabbit Jejunum which was blocked by atropine suggesting that the observed pharmacological actions was mediated through the muscarinic receptors. In contrast, chloroform and ethylacetate fraction of the leaf extract exhibit dose concentration dependent relaxation of the rabbit jejunum. Intreperitoneal LD50 of the extract in mice was found to be 295.8 mg/kg. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the leaf extract revealed the presence of carbohydrates, tannins, saponins, cardiac glycoside, sterols and terpenoids. The result indicated that, the plant extract possesses some pharmacological activity, hence justifying its use traditionally in alleviating gastrointestinal disorder.

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND LARVICIDAL EFFECT EVALUATION OF AZADIRACHTA INDICA (L) LEAF EXTRACT ON DERMESTES MACULATUS (DE GEER, 1774) INFESTATION OF SMOKED CLARIAS GARIEPINUS (BURCHELL, 1822)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-45
Author(s):  
Sadam Sulaiman Indabo ◽  
Rufai Zakari
Keyword(s):  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Range Finding ◽  
Dermestes Maculatus ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Initial Source

Dermestes maculatus is a major pest of stored fish in Nigeria, fish is preserved with highly persistent synthetic chemicals. There have been an increasing effort at developing plant-based toxicants that are environmentally friendly. Therefore, this study was conducted to screen the leaf extract of Azadirachta indica for phytochemical constituents. The efficacy of the methanolic leaf extract of the plant against D. maculatus was also evaluated. The leaves of A. indica were obtained, processed and taken to laboratory for methanolic extraction. Phytochemical screening was carried out to identify saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, steroids, cardiac glycosides, glycosides, triterpenes and carbohydrates using standard procedure.  Both clean and infested samples of smoke-dried Clarias gariepinus were purchased from Sabon Gari Market, Zaria. The infested samples were used as initial source of D. maculatus larvae. Range finding test was carried out prior to the bioassay. During the bioassay, clean un-infested fish samples were weighed and introduced into kilner jars and respective dosages of 0.2g, 0.4g, 0.6g and 0.8g of extract were added. Another set of fish samples without the extract were maintained as control. The experiment was arranged in Completely Randomized Design with three replicates. Fifteen larvae of D. maculatus were introduced into both treated and control containers and covered. Mortality was recorded after 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. Data obtained revealed an increase in mortality with increasing dose and time. Mortality ranged from 1.67 to 11.00. Therefore, leaf extract of A. indica should be incorporated in the development of larvicide against D. maculatus.   

scholarly journals In vitro anti-bacterial activity of Tinospora cordifolia leaf extract and its phytochemical screening

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
B. Praiwala ◽  
S. Priyanka ◽  
N. Raghu ◽  
N. Gopenath ◽  
A. Gnanasekaran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Property ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Screening Assay

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is the main concern worldwide to combat infectious. Over the years studies on leaf extracts Tinospora cordifolia have demonstrated the potent role its antibacterial property. The current study is an attempt to test its antibacterial property against Escherichia coli cell division. Material and methods: Phytochemical screening assay of T. cordifolia leaf extract was done using standard procedure and the results showed the presence of alkaloid, carbohydrate, terpenoid, steroid, tannin, amino acid, flavonoid and glycoside components. Results: HPLC analysis revealed the presence of berberine in T. cordifolia leaf extract. Further E. coli cells were treated with berberine to study its efficacy in inhibiting cell division. Antibacterial assay was performed by using disc diffusion method. Conclusion: Among aqueous, methanolic, ethanolic, chloroform, hexane and acetone extract only methanolic extract showed zone of inhibition.

scholarly journals Pharmacological Effects ofLactuca serriolaL. in Experimental Model of Gastrointestinal, Respiratory, and Vascular Ailments

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Hussain Janbaz ◽  
Muhammad Farhaj Latif ◽  
Fatima Saqib ◽  
Imran Imran ◽  
M. Zia-Ul-Haq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscarinic Receptors ◽  
Channel Blocker ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Contractile Response ◽  
Rabbit Aorta ◽  
Pharmacological Effects ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Lactuca Serriola ◽  
Rabbit Jejunum ◽  
Isolated Rabbit Aorta

Lactuca serriolaL. has traditionally been used in folkloric medicine to manage respiratory, gastrointestinal, and multiple other ailments. The present study was undertaken to explore the effect of methanol extract ofL. serriolaon isolated rabbit tissue preparations, that is, jejunum, trachea, and aorta in an attempt to validate its folkloric use in traditional medicine for gastrointestinal, respiratory, and vascular ailments. The application of the methanol extract to isolated rabbit jejunum preparations exhibited concentration-dependent spasmogenic effect (0.03 to 3.0 mg/mL), but interestingly further increase in concentration (5.0 mg/mL) resulted in complete spasmolytic effect. The pretreatment of the tissue preparations with atropine (0.1 μM) caused the suppression of the contractile response. Moreover, the same extract also caused relaxation of K+-(80 mM) induced spastic contractions of isolated rabbit jejunum preparations (5.0 mg/mL) and shifted the Ca++dose response curves towards right at concentration range of 0.3–1.0 mg/mL. Similarly, the extract application to isolated rabbit tracheal preparations relaxed the carbachol-(1 μM) induced (0.3–1.0 mg/mL) as well as K+-(80 mM) induced contractions (3.0 mg/mL). Furthermore, it relaxed the phenylephrine (1 μM)-induced contractions in isolated rabbit aorta preparations (3.0 mg/mL) and K+(80 mM)-induced contractions (1.0 mg/mL). These effects were found comparable to that of dicyclomine, as an antagonist of muscarinic receptors as well as a possible Ca++channel blocker. The previously mentioned findings may partially justify the folkloric use ofLactuca serriolain the management of conditions pertaining to spasm of intestine, bronchioles, and vasculature.

scholarly journals Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Chromolaena odorata Leaf Extract against Selected Microorganisms

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Foluke Odutayo ◽  
Cajethan Ezeamagu ◽  
Taofikat Kabiawu ◽  
Daniel Aina ◽  
Grace Mensah-Agyei
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata

scholarly journals STUDY OF TYROSINASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF CASSIA FISTULA L. LEAVES

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 384
Author(s):  
Caroline Wijaya ◽  
Berna Elya ◽  
Arry Yanuar
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Cassia Fistula ◽  
Kinetic Assay ◽  
Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents

Objective: This study was carried out to evaluate the phytochemical constituents and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of Cassia fistula leaves.Methods: A tyrosinase inhibitory activity assay was performed by measuring the decrease in the intensity of color suggestive of the inhibition ofdopachrome formation resulting from the L-DOPA-tyrosinase reaction.Results: The test results showed that the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of the water fraction of C. fistula leaf extract had the highest IC50 value(152.031 μg/mL) among other fractions (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol). An enzyme kinetic assay showed that the water fraction of C. fistulaleaf extract inhibited tyrosinase with mixed-type inhibition. Phytochemical screening showed that the water fraction of C. fistula leaf extract containedalkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, phenols, and tannins.Conclusion: The current study indicated that C. fistula leaves possess significant tyrosinase inhibitory activity.

Phytochemical and Nutritional Values of Local Plants in the Phraek Nam Daeng Community Samut Songkhram Province Thailand

2018 ◽  
Vol 879 ◽  
pp. 101-107
Author(s):  
Udomdeja Polyium ◽  
Na Thaisong Phinthida
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Cardiac Glycoside ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Sesuvium Portulacastrum ◽  
Acanthus Ilicifolius ◽  
Local Plants

The biodiversity of local plants on Phraek Nam Daeng community Amphawa, Samut Songkhram province, Thailand has been the result of the terrain as a source of freshwater and salty. This study was carried out to evaluate the phytochemical screening and nutritional value of 6 local plants in the Phraek Nam Daeng community including: Azima sarmentosa Benth, Pluchea indica (L) Less,, Boehravia diffusa L, Acanthus ilicifolius L, Sesuvium portulacastrum L and Derris trifoliata Lour. The phytochemical analysis was performed for alkaloid, tannin, terpenoid, flavonoid, anthraquinone and cardiac glycoside. Nutritional analysis of proximal composition of local plants using the method of AOAC (2005),Which consist of moisture content, protein content, lipid content, fiber content, total ash content and carbohydrate content. The results showed that phytochemical screening of 6 local plants, the methanolic extracts have the presence of bioactive substances such as alkaloid, tannin, terpenoid, flavonoid, anthraquinone and cardiac glycoside. The most nutritional composition of local plants showed that the moisture content was Sesuvium portulacastrum L, protein content was Acanthus ilicifolius L, lipid and carbohydrate content was Azima sarmentosa Benth. & Hook, fiber content was Pluchea indica (L) Less., these represent the potential of food crops for food security and sustainable use of biodiversity.

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening and evaluation of pharmacological activity of leaf Methanolic extract of Colocasia affinis Schott

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milon Mondal ◽  
Md Solayman Hossain ◽  
Nittananda Das ◽  
Abul Bashar Ripon Khalipha ◽  
Arghya Prosun Sarkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacological Activity ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening
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