scholarly journals A Prospective Observational Study on Prescription Pattern and Its Efficacy in the Management of Osteoarthritis at Multispecialty Teaching Care Hospital

2021 ◽  
pp. 92-100
Author(s):  
Sarvajeet Khare ◽  
Trupal Rathod ◽  
Rajesh Hadia ◽  
Sunil Baile ◽  
Nikhil Khambhati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Score ◽  
Facial Pain ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Degenerative Change ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Mild Pain ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Drug Utilization Research ◽  
Study Participants

Background: osteoarthritis is a severe clinical condition in elderly patients. Almost any bone can fracture as a result of the increased bone fragility of osteoarthritis. Aim and Objective of study: The principle aim of drug utilization research is to facilitate the rational use of drugs in an individualized patient. To Study current prescription pattern and its efficacy to manage osteoarthritis. Methodology: This study was a prospective observational study and conducted over a period of six month from October 2015 to March 2016. Patients diagnosed with arthritis with or without co-morbidities were enrolled in the Study considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The main sources of data collection were OPD file and case sheets of patients. Results: In this study 148 patients were enrolled, 105 (70.9%) female patients and 43 (29.1%) male patients were participated. Out of 148 study participants 60 (40.54%) patients from age group 51-65 years, followed by 54 (36.48%) patients from age group 36-50 years. In the study population 94 (63.51%) patient were suffering osteoarthritis of both knee, 29 (19.59%) patients were suffering osteoarthritis of right knee and 25 (16.89%) patients were having osteoarthritis of left knee. X-ray report were representing in study population, in 44 patient reports were shows degenerative change seen in both knee, 08 patient report were shows degenerative change seen in right knee. In our study out of 148 patients, 92 (62.16%) patients prescribed NSAIDs, 25 (16.89%) patients prescribed Analgesic, 05 (03.37%) patients were prescribed Opioid analgesic, 11 (07.43%) patients were prescribed supplements and 15 (10.13%) patients received other class of drugs.  Among the study population 112 (75.67%) patients were received oral route of drugs and 36 (24.32%) Patients were prescribed topical preparation. The visual analogue scale has been categorized as follows 0-3 Mild pain, 4-7 Moderate pain and 8-10 severe pain. In visual analogue scale initially 16 patients were suffering mild pain, but after treatment it was 93 patients suffering mild pain. The facial pain scale has been categorized as follow 0 = very happy, no hurt, 2 = hurts just a little bit, 4 = hurts a little more 6 = hurts even more, 8 = hurts a whole lot, 10 = hurts as much as you can imagine.  Among 148 study participants 14 patients were having final Facial pain score 0, 67 patients were having a final Facial pain score 2 and 3 patients having Initial Facial Pain score 2, 42 patients were having a final Facial pain score 4 and 42 patients having Initial Facial pain score 4, 19 patients were having a final Facial pain score 6 and 63 patients having Initial Facial pain score 6, 06 patients were having final Facial pain score 8 and 33 patients having Initial Facial pain score 8, 07 patients having Initial Facial score 10. Conclusion: The principal aim of drug utilization research is to facilitate the rational use of drugs in an individualized patient. For the individual’s patients, the rational use of a drug implies the prescription of the well documented drug at optimal dose, together with the correct information, at an affordable price.

scholarly journals A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY ON PREVALENCE OF HYPOTHYROIDISM IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
N. Swathi ◽  
Voleti Vijaya Kumar ◽  
M. Farjana ◽  
M. Vishnu Vardhan ◽  
M. Munendra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Age Limit ◽  
N 93 ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Group Distribution ◽  
Positive Results

Objective: To determine the prevalence of hypothyroidism in a rural population of Nandyal.Methods: A prospective study was conducted in Santhiram medical college and general hospital, Nandyal from July 2017 to December 2017, to study the prevalence of hypothyroidism among the population. Results: In this study, 1000 patients were evaluated for the thyroid functioning, among them n=104(10.4%) showing positive results in hypothyroidism. The positive 104 patients showed that n=63 (60.57%) of the population are in the age limit of 21-40. Out of the same population are n=11 (10.6%) are male and female are n=93 (89.43%). In age group distribution more prevalence was observed in 21-30 y of age group n=36 (34.61%). In this study, sub-clinical hypothyroidism was prevalent in females n=80 (76.92%) than males n=10 (9.61%).Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that hypothyroidism was higher in a female with age group as 21-40 y and there is a significant prevalence of hypothyroidism in the study population.

scholarly journals A Prospective Observational Study on Anti-infective Agents in Adults in A Hospital

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gada Yerukala Srawan Kumar ◽  
Dr. Reddy Phani Kumar ◽  
Desireddy Rama Brahma Reddy ◽  
Yathirajam Dedeepya ◽  
Naligala Divya
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cost Of Treatment ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Rational Use ◽  
Antiinfective Agents ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Right ◽  
Clinical Departments

The main aim of the pharmacist is to provide the right drug in the right quality at the right time to patient. The monitoring studies of such prescription pattern can nourish the relevant use and exploit or misuse of the drug which is monitored. The main goal of the present study is to ease the rational use of drugs and make awareness of the irrational use of the drug which is more prevalent to the drug resistance, economic burden to the patient and failure of the treatment. The present prospective observational study was going on the usage of anti-infective agents in the adults based on the prescription of the physician to the patients. Prescriptions were obtained from various clinical departments was done over the period of 6 months from October 2020 to March 2021 to assess the appropriate use of anti-infective agents in adults. Total 1610 prescriptions data of anti-infective agents were analysed of average range of medication includes antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, anthelmintic, antiparasitic, antimicrobials. A total of 1610 prescriptions from out patient and in patient department of the hospital were analysed in this study and out of those patients, male patients were 714 (44.34%) and female patients were 896 (55.65%). The most common age group which was prescribed more antiinfective agents was 51-60 years. Among them the antibacterial were about 65.03%, antiviral 1.59%, antifungal 7.04%, anthelmintic 7.09%, antiparasitic 0.89%, antimicrobial 0.51%, antimalarial 0.93%, antitubercular 0.51%, Antibacterial+Antiprotozoal 16.45%. Now a days usage of anti-infective agents was high to improve the rational use of drugs and to avoid the irrational usage of antibiotics in increasing the side effects and resistance towards the drug and total cost of treatment as well.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19 among residents of Gujarat, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 992
Author(s):  
Dharmesh Domadia ◽  
Jigisha Patadiya ◽  
Prakash Bhabhor
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Or Education ◽  
Single Measure ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Tv News ◽  
Gender Education ◽  
Education Levels ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Study Participants

Background: India, having diverse demographic profile, any single measure to curtain COVID-19 spread will become ineffective by default. Hence, determining knowledge and behaviours of population regarding COVID-19 is must to extract and decide on an effective approach to reduce the spread of COVID-19. For the same, we conducted KAP study.Methods: It was a KAP study of adult residents of various districts of Gujarat, India; consisting questions with multiple responses pertaining to knowledge, attitude, and practices towards COVID-19. Responses were analysed and represented by their percentage. Knowledge related questions’ responses were statistically analysed based upon responder’s age, gender, education level.Results: Knowledge scores of male and female participants were 7.03 and 6.96. Mean knowledge score of age group of 18-30 years, differed significantly to that of age group of >60 years. Study participants’ scores didn’t differ statistically according their education levels. 91.3% participants felt that COVID-19 can be more effectively managed if person has been diagnosed or tested earlier in the disease. 69.8% participants felt that patients of COVID-19 infection can be safely treated at home. 74.4% of participant were in favour of lockdown if need arises. 77% participants were willing to take COVID-19 vaccine.Conclusions: Knowledge level didn’t differ for any gender or education level. Knowledge scores of populations above age of 60 years were statistically less as compared to the scores of participants aged between 18 to 30 years. TV news channels and newspapers were most sought way of getting information for current study population.

Menstruation Among Adolescent Girls Living in Rural Border Areas

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritu Gupta ◽  
Ravinder K Gupta ◽  
Vallabh Dogra ◽  
Himani Badyal
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Prospective Study ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Common Side Effect ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Border Areas

Objective: To study the various beliefs and problems regarding menstruation among adolescent girls living in rural border areas. Design- Prospective study. Setting- Pediatric outpatient clinic. Materials and methods- About 200 adolescent girls (11-19 years) living in rural border areas were enrolled for the study. These girls were asked about menarche, duration of the cycle, amount of blood loss and the various menstrual problems. They were also asked about the various beliefs and myths regarding menstruation. The girls having any illness affecting the menstrual cycle or those suffering from neuropsychiatric disorders were excluded from this study. Results- About 51% of the study population was in the age group 17-18 years. About 43.5% of girls attained menarche at the age of 10-12 years. About 51% of girls did not know about menstruation before menarche. Abdominal pain was the most common side effect seen in 41% of girls during menstruation. About 61% of girls considered themselves unclean during menstruation.  Twenty percent avoided schools, 20% avoided kitchen, 12% avoided temples while 10% stayed away from friends/ relatives. Only 33% of girls knew that menstruation stops temporarily after becoming pregnant. Twenty-two percent girls were using sanitary napkins while the rest used different types of clothes during the menstrual cycle. Conclusion- There is a dire need to educate girls regarding menstruation before menarche in the rural border areas. Every mother should discuss in a friendly way regarding various aspects of menstruation.

scholarly journals Reducing Loneliness: The Impact of Mindfulness, Social Cognitions, and Coping

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412199777
Author(s):  
Robin Besse ◽  
Whitney K. Whitaker ◽  
Laura A. Brannon
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Social Cognitions ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Coping Behaviors ◽  
Current Health ◽  
Current State ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
The Impact ◽  
At Home

While many facets of loneliness have been explored, research examining the efficacy of loneliness interventions has been overlooked among young adults. The study of loneliness among young adults has become increasingly important considering the current state of isolation and stay-at-home orders issued to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Preliminary reports suggest an increase in loneliness as a result of the current health pandemic, especially among young adults, who have reported feeling lonelier than any other age group. Such findings warrant the study of ways to help reduce loneliness among young adults. The current study examined the efficacy of strategies that might be used to help young adults manage feelings of loneliness. Two hundred and seventy-eight young adults completed the study. Participants read one of four messages: mindfulness, social cognitions, coping behaviors, or a control. Participants in the mindfulness condition felt better equipped to manage future instances of loneliness and held better attitudes toward this intervention. The current research helps to advance understanding of effective ways of helping young adults cope with loneliness.

scholarly journals Safety of switching between rituximab biosimilars in onco-hematology

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana A. M. Urru ◽  
Stefania Spila Alegiani ◽  
Anna Guella ◽  
Giuseppe Traversa ◽  
Annalisa Campomori
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Randomized Trials ◽  
Lymphocytic Leukemia ◽  
Safety Signal ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Clinical Safety ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Grade 3

AbstractComparable clinical efficacy and safety of the reference rituximab (MABTHERA) and its biosimilars has been established in randomized trials. However, safety concerns are often raised when switching from reference to biosimilar products and between different biosimilars. In this prospective observational study we aimed at evaluating the safety of switching between reference and biosimilar rituximab (TRUXIMA and RIXATHON) at Trento General Hospital (Italy). All patients (n = 83) with Non Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL, n = 72) and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL, n = 11) who received rituximab between March 2018 and March 2019 were asked to take part in the study. In 2017 and 2018 two tenders were carried out and two different biosimilars became available in the hospital, these were used sequentially. Thus, patients with or without previous treatments with the originator rituximab either received a biosimilar or were switched between different biosimilars. The incidence of adverse events in these groups of patients is described. The study population received 465 rituximab infusions and all received biosimilars. Fifty patients (60%) experienced at least one switch between different biosimilars or between rituximab originator and biosimilar, whereas 33 (40%) received one of the two biosimilars and one patient received reference rituximab. Adverse events (n = 146) were reported in 71 patients (84.5%). Treatment-related grade 3–4 events were reported in 5 patients (5.9%), whereas grade 1 rituximab related infusion events were observed in 6 patients (7.1%). No safety signal emerged in association with the use of a specific biosimilar nor with the practice of switching. Adverse events were similar, in terms of seriousness and frequency, to those described in the literature, providing further support to the clinical safety of rituximab biosimilars.

scholarly journals Comparison of Prevalence of Periodontitis with Different Indices in Population of District Ghaziabad

2016 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 023-030
Author(s):  
Vimal Kumar ◽  
Pallak Arora ◽  
Manish Khatri ◽  
Shivani Sharma ◽  
Sumit Malhotra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Study Population

Abstract Objective: To estimate the prevalence of periodontal disease with different indices. Methods & materials: The study population consisted of multistage stratified random sample of 1300 subjects from total population of district Ghaziabad. A cross-sectional study was conducted with multi stage stratified random sampling techniques to select the sample population. The subjects were divided into different age groups and the periodontal assessment was made on the basis of CPITN index and ESI Index. Results: The CPITN has shown to estimate incorrect periodontal disease prevalence because of its underestimation of the disease severity. A huge difference was noticed in the prevalence rate of periodontitis when subjects were examined with ESI index. Conclusion Periodontal disease was found to be highly prevalent in the study population and severity of disease increased with age. More number of subjects in younger age group were found to be healthy.

Aetiological Outcome of Mesenteric Lymphadenopathy and Pain Abdomen in Paediatric Population at a Tertiary Care Hospital (MRIMSHyderabad) - A Hospital Based Prospective Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (29) ◽  
pp. 2601-2608
Author(s):  
Dileep Kumar Allagadda ◽  
Harikrishna Appana ◽  
Ramu Pedada ◽  
Deepika Gurram ◽  
Ditin Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Etiological Agent ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Mesenteric Lymphadenitis

BACKGROUND Abdominal pain is a common disorder in children and adolescents worldwide with prevalence rate ranging from 20 - 25 % in school-going children in India. It is a frustrating concern to the child, parents and the physician. Even though abdominal pain is one of the most common complaints in children, it poses a diagnostic challenge owing to the variety of underlying causes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the aetiology of abdominal pain associated with significant mesenteric lymphadenopathy in a paediatric population. METHODS This is a hospital based prospective, observational study done in Department of Paediatrics, Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences (MRIMS), Hyderabad. RESULTS Out of the 65 children studied, 30.8 % were of 5 - 8 years age group, 36.9 % were 9 - 12 years age group and 32.3 % were 13 - 15 years age group. In our study, we found 50.8 % were boys and 49.2 % were girls. 20 % of them were having fever, 16.9 % were having cough, 16.9 % were having diarrhoea, 13.8 % were having sore throat, 16.9 % dysuria, and 15.4 % were having constipation. All patients in our study group underwent ultrasound of abdomen. All cases were having significant mesenteric lymphadenopathy (more than 5 mm in short axis with three or more number of lymph nodes). In 53.8 % cases, etiological agent for the mesenteric lymphadenopathy was not proved with our investigations. In the remaining 46.2 % of children, cause of mesenteric lymphadenopathy was proved and 38.5 % were bacterial infections, 6.2 % were viral infections and 1.5 % were parasitic infections. CONCLUSIONS It is important to recognise mesenteric lymphadenitis as a clinical entity in paediatric cases presenting with abdominal pain. They should be evaluated for an etiological agent and if no proven source of infection and etiological agent is found, it can be considered as functional abdominal pain. If we are able to get a proper etiological diagnosis in these cases, we could treat them and we could make huge difference in terms of quality of life. KEYWORDS Abdominal Pain, Mesenteric Lymphadenitis, Ultrasound, Significant Mesenteric Lymphadenopathy

scholarly journals Systemic glucocorticoid usage in dogs under primary veterinary care in the UK: prevalence and risk factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 185 (4) ◽  
pp. 108-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doaa A Elkholly ◽  
Dan O’Neill ◽  
Andrea K Wright ◽  
Kennedy Mwacalimba ◽  
Laura S Nolan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Systemic Glucocorticoid ◽  
Oral Preparation ◽  
Systemic Glucocorticoids ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Long Acting ◽  
The Uk ◽  
To Receive

Glucocorticoids are widely used in primary care veterinary practices. The study aimed to quantify the usage of systemic glucocorticoids (SGC) in dogs in the UK using primary care treatment records recorded during 2013 in the VetCompass Programme. From a study population of 455 557 dogs, 28 472 dogs (6.2 per cent, 95 per cent CI 6.2 to 6.3) received a total of 50 971 SGC therapy events in 2013. Prednisolone represented the most frequently used oral preparation (27 362 events, 90.0 per cent of oral events). Dexamethasone sodium phosphate was the most commonly used injectable agent (12 796 events, 62.7 per cent of injectable events). The most common breed treated was Staffordshire Bull Terriers (2236/28 472 dogs, 7.9 per cent, 95 per cent CI 7.5 to 8.2) and within-breed prevalence of SGC usage was 2236/32 635, 6.9 per cent, 95 per cent CI 6.6 to 7.1. The most commonly treated age group was dogs older than eight years (8931/28472, 31.4 per cent) and the most commonly treated bodyweight group was 10.01–20.0 kg (7918/28 472, 27.8 per cent). Dexamethasone and prednisolone were the most commonly prescribed SGC. Short-acting and intermediate-acting injectable SGC were more commonly used compared with long-acting injectable SGC. Older and medium size dogs were most likely to receive SGC and certain breeds appeared predisposed. These data can provide a useful benchmark for glucocorticoid usage and highlight the benefits from ‘Big Data’ analyses.

scholarly journals Radiological and clinical outcome of lateral ankle instability with medial compartment osteoarthritis

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 2473011417S0002
Author(s):  
Sungwook Kim ◽  
Hong-Geun Jung ◽  
Jong-Soo Lee ◽  
Hwa Jun Kang ◽  
Mao Yuan Sun
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Pain Score ◽  
Ligament Reconstruction ◽  
Ankle Instability ◽  
Degenerative Change ◽  
Medial Compartment ◽  
Functional Score ◽  
Lateral Ankle ◽  
Lateral Ankle Instability

Category: Ankle, Ankle Arthritis, osteoarthritis, ankle instability Introduction/Purpose: When lateral ankle instability (LAI) is not treated for long period, unbalanced loading on medial ankle may proceed to osteoarthritis (OA). Outcome studies about osteoarthritis with lateral ankle instability after stabilization, however, have rarely been reported. The authors have investigated the radiological and clinical outcome of ligament stabilization for LAI with medial compartment OA. Methods: The study is based on 25 ankles of LAI with medial compartment ankle OA that underwent lateral ankle ligament reconstruction from 2007 to 2014 with at least 1 year follow-up. The medial ankle OA was diagnosed with degenerative change of medial ankle on plain X-ray or MRI or arthroscopic findings. The OA was classified using Takakura stage, and arthroscopic degenerative change was classified by modified Outerbridge grading. Ligament stabilization surgery was done using either modified Broström procedure or lateral ligament reconstruction using semitendinosus tendon allograft. Arthroscopic synovectomy, debridement, and microfracture for osteochondral lesion were performed when needed. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score, American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score, Karlsson- Peterson score, and subjective patient satisfaction. Statistical analysis were done using Wilcoxon signed rank test. Results: The average instability duration was 98 (range, 12-480) months and the average follow up period was 46 (range, 13-108) months. Preoperative Takakura stage was mostly I (n=19, 76%) and II (n=4, 17%), and was same postoperatively. MRI OA findings of 18 ankles were medial cartilage denudation (17%), cartilage thinning/erosion (44%), medial osteophyte (50%), and loose bodies (30%). Modified Outerbridge grade 2 and 4 were most common (both 41%). The VAS pain score decreased from 6.1 ± 1.6 preoperatively to 1.8 ± 1.6 postoperatively (P<0.05). The AOFAS score improved from 61.8 ± 14.7 preoperatively to 90.0 ± 6.3 postoperatively, and the Karlsson-Peterson score improved from 54.5 ±14.4 to 89.4 ± 8.4 (P<0.05). There were no significant complications. All patients were satisfied. Conclusion: Ligament stabilization accompanied with arthroscopic procedure could draw good outcome, even without structural bony deformity correction. Even with no improvement in plain radiograph, functional score could be improved.

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