scholarly journals Estimation of Tactile Sensation by Two Point Discrimination among 18 Years Old People

2021 ◽  
pp. 355-363
Author(s):  
K. Uma Maheswari ◽  
R. Gayatri Devi ◽  
A. Jothi Priya
Keyword(s):  
Normal Population ◽  
Somatosensory System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Tactile Sensation ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Sensory Receptors ◽  
Discrimination Test ◽  
Old People ◽  
Pain Receptors

Two point discrimination (TPD) is used to distinguish the two point discriminative sense. TPD is most commonly used as neurosensory tests in clinical settings. In tactile sensation, the sensory receptors from the skin reach the somatosensory system and stimulate mechanoreceptors, thermoreceptors, pain receptors, and proprioceptors to give the response to the respective stimuli. The present study was aim to assess the value of tactiles sensation by two point discrimination test among 18 years people. 18 years old people among the normal population were selected, consisting of 17 males and 33 females. 6 sensory areas were selected for the test. Test performed on six regions of the body like fingertips, fingers, palm, forehead, forearm, back of palm. The results were tabulated and statistically analyzed by independent t test. The ability to distinguish the two point discrimination was estimated in millimeters by using a simple hand operated device. The main findings of the study are that females were more sensitive than males in TPD perception.TPD perception was more among 18 years old. The TPD values are more in females when compared to males. The normative values of two point discrimination among 18 years people were established. This study concluded that fingertips in females were more sensitive than other parts of the body.

Theory-Practice Gap: The Experiences of Nigerian Nursing Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Titilayo Dorothy Odetola ◽  
Olusola Oluwasola ◽  
Christoph Pimmer ◽  
Oluwafemi Dipeolu ◽  
Samson Oluwayemi Akande ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
Developing Country ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clinical Staff ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Practice Gap ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
Theory Practice Gap

The “disconnect” between the body of knowledge acquired in classroom settings and the application of this knowledge in clinical practice is one of the main reasons for professional fear, anxiety and feelings of incompetence among freshly graduated nurses. While the phenomenon of the theory-to-practice gap has been researched quite extensively in high-income country settings much less is known about nursing students’ experiences in a developing country context. To rectify this shortcoming, the qualitative study investigated the experiences of nursing students in their attempt to apply what they learn in classrooms in clinical learning contexts in seven sites in Nigeria. Thematic content analysis was used to analyse data gained from eight focus group discussions (n = 80) with the students. The findings reveal a multifaceted theory-practice gap which plays out along four tensions: (1) procedural, i.e. the difference between practices from education institutions and the ones enacted in clinical wards – and contradictions that emerge even within one clinical setting; (2) political, i.e. conflicts that arise between students and clinical staff, especially personnel with a lower qualification profile than the degree that students pursue; (3) material, i.e. the disconnect between contemporary instruments and equipment available in schools and the lack thereof in clinical settings; and (4) temporal, i.e. restricted opportunities for supervised practice owing to time constraints in clinical settings in which education tends to be undervalued. Many of these aspects are linked to and aggravated by infrastructural limitations, which are typical for the setting of a developing country. Nursing students need to be prepared regarding how to deal with the identified procedural, political, material and temporal tensions before and while being immersed in clinical practice, and, in so doing, they need to be supported by educationally better qualified clinical staff.

Conducting a Virtual Study with Special Considerations for Working with Persons with Aphasia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashleigh Doub ◽  
Anne Hittson ◽  
Brielle C Stark
Keyword(s):  
Data Storage ◽  
Study Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Retention Rates ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Quality Check ◽  
Assessment Procedures ◽  
Post Assessment ◽  
Larger Sample

Purpose: The use of technology (e.g., telehealth) in clinical settings has rapidly increased and its use in research settings continues to grow. The aim of this report is to provide detailed methods for conducting a multi-timepoint (test-retest) virtual paradigm, assessing lifestyle, physiological, cognitive, and linguistic factors in persons with and without aphasia. Methods: Procedures for virtual assessment are detailed in a sample of non-brain damaged adults (NB; N=24) and persons with aphasia (PWA; N=9) on a test-retest paradigm (data collection approximately 10 +/- 3 days apart). This report provides practical information about pre-assessment (e.g. recruitment, scheduling), assessment (e.g. aphasia-friendly consent presentation, investigator fidelity), and post-assessment (e.g. data storage, quality check) procedures for human behavior research using a virtual platform.Results: Preliminary study data is provided, demonstrating high retention rates and feasibility. Common technological troubles and solutions are discussed, and solutions offered. The results suggest that our pre-assessment, assessment, and post-assessment procedures were core to the success of our study. Conclusion: We provide practical methodology for conducting a multi-timepoint study, with considerations for persons with aphasia, adding to the body of research on telehealth in clinical populations. Future studies should continue to evaluate tele-methodology, which may be core for diversifying studies, improving study retention, and enrolling larger sample sizes.

scholarly journals Links between Inflammation and Postoperative Cancer Recurrence

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Tomonari Kinoshita ◽  
Taichiro Goto
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Complete Resection ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cancer Development ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Clinical Indicators ◽  
The Status

Despite complete resection, cancer recurrence frequently occurs in clinical practice. This indicates that cancer cells had already metastasized from their organ of origin at the time of resection or had circulated throughout the body via the lymphatic and vascular systems. To obtain this potential for metastasis, cancer cells must undergo essential and intrinsic processes that are supported by the tumor microenvironment. Cancer-associated inflammation may be engaged in cancer development, progression, and metastasis. Despite numerous reports detailing the interplays between cancer and its microenvironment via the inflammatory network, the status of cancer-associated inflammation remains difficult to recognize in clinical settings. In the current paper, we reviewed clinical reports on the relevance between inflammation and cancer recurrence after surgical resection, focusing on inflammatory indicators and cancer recurrence predictors according to cancer type and clinical indicators.

scholarly journals Hardware-In-the-Loop Equipment for the Development of an Automatic Perturbator for Clinical Evaluation of Human Balance Control

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 8886
Author(s):  
Carlo Ferraresi ◽  
Daniela Maffiodo ◽  
Walter Franco ◽  
Giovanni Gerardo Muscolo ◽  
Carlo De Benedictis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Balance Control ◽  
The Body ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
Control Laws ◽  
Component Selection ◽  
Risk Of Falls ◽  
Human Balance ◽  
Human Balance Control

Nowadays, increasing attention is being paid to techniques aimed at assessing a subject’s ability to maintain or regain control of balance, thus reducing the risk of falls. To this end, posturographic analyses are performed in different clinical settings, both in unperturbed and perturbed conditions. This article presents a new Hardware-In-the-Loop (HIL) equipment designed for the development of an automatic perturbator for postural control analysis, capable of providing controlled mechanical stimulation by means of an impulsive force exerted on a given point of the body. The experimental equipment presented here includes the perturbator and emulates its interaction with both the subject’s body and the operator performing the test. The development of the perturbator and of the entire HIL equipment is described, including component selection, modeling of the entire system, and experimentally verified simulations used to study and define the most appropriate control laws.

Sport and Aging. B. McPherson (Ed.). Human Kinetics Publishers Inc.Champaign, ILL. 1986. 278 pp. (U.S. $25.00).

1986 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-285
Author(s):  
Glynn A. Leyshon
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Independent Living ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
Old People ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Human Kinetics

SUMMARY ABSTACTIn this book, comprised of 28 papers presented at the 1984 Olympic Congress, the research is divided somewhat arbitrarily into four categories including the sociological, physiological, psychological and program areas. The range of approaches is wide and interesting, and the research comes from seven different countries although the U.S. is predominant. The term ‘sport’ in the title is not adequately reflected in the body of the material as virtually all the research cited deals with physical activity for the aged not sports; where sport is the purview, it deals with the study of young not old people.Attitudes toward activity in the elderly, the benefits of activity to female elderly, and the effect of activity on independent living are among the more significant papers included. The questions posed for the sport scientist in the opening paper and the admission of its writer (the editor) to the eclectic nature of the research included in the book are the key to understanding and appreciating its contents.

Islamic Law in Contemporary Scholarship

2000 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-196
Author(s):  
Zouhair Ghazzal
Keyword(s):  
Islamic Law ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The Body ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Normative Values ◽  
Near Eastern ◽  
Legal Studies ◽  
Large Audience ◽  
European Civil Code

Despite the importance of law in societal formations, and what looks like a revival in the field of legal studies, Islamic law is still by and large accessible to only a small group of specialists, and thus cannot claim a large audience even within Islamic and Middle (Near) Eastern studies, not to mention the much broader European and American legal scholarship. There are various reasons for such isolation, which are too complex to enumerate in a summary fashion, but which mostly involve the way the scholarship has evolved in the last few decades in Islamic societies, Europe, and North America, and which reflects the nature of Islamic law. First, unlike Roman law and all the continental codes that followed, and unlike the English and American common-law systems, what is commonly referred to as ‘Islamic law’ does not stand out as an organized set of codes, statutes, or even precedents. Instead, the body of Islamic law, which stretches over many centuries, has spawned several schools known as the madha̱hib, so that a modern scholar who needs to look at the legal framework of, say, an institution of the early ‘Abba̱sid period would have to dig hard into the labyrinth of the fiqh manuals only to realize that layers of interpretations follow each opinion, making it unrealistic to limit the ‘law’ to a set of codified norms. Second, modern scholars tend to look skeptically at the large corpus of Islamic law precisely because of its prescriptive nature and its uncertain historical evolution. We have consequently made little progress in assessing the nature of judicial decisionmaking and how the normative values prescribed by jurists affect it. Third, throughout the twentieth century, the majority of Islamic and Middle Eastern societies have adopted a new set of codes, a process that began in the second half of the previous century with Ottoman reforms, and which for the most part were derived from European civil-code systems. Since the implications of this rupture with the past have attracted little attention from scholars, the relevance of the classical legal systems is the biggest issue of concern here: will the transplanted systems utterly eclipse the various Islamic legal schools, or will there be a revival of the legal schools so as to make up for the inadequacies that result from the civil systems? Indeed, a lot needs to be done before more comprehensively elaborated codes are drafted, in particular in such domains as property, contract, and tort, which, under present conditions, seem like a hybrid mixture of Ottoman feudal practices and modern but poorly implemented Western notions.

500–1000 Hz Responses in the Somatosensory System: Approaching Generators and Function

2005 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Klostermann
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Somatosensory System ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
The Body ◽  
Wide Scope ◽  
Population Activity ◽  
Cellular Origin ◽  
Oscillatory Eeg ◽  
And Function ◽  
Somatosensory Coding

Spontaneous and stimulus-induced oscillatory EEG activities range over a wide scope of frequencies from 1 Hz to 1 kHz. In the ultrafast domain, trains of 5–10 micro-potentials are superimposed to primary thalamic and cortical components in somtosensory evoked potentials (SEP) as brief bursts of 1000 Hz and 600 Hz, respectively. Over the last years, hypotheses on generators and functions of this frequency-edge of population activity have been elaborated in numerous studies. Here, the relevant findings and ideas were surveyed from the body of literature. Special emphasis was paid to the anatomical and cellular origin of burst SEP, their assumed impact on somatosensory coding and perspectives for scientific as well as clinical applications.

scholarly journals Variation of Biophysical Parameters of the Skin with Age, Gender, and Body Region

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alireza Firooz ◽  
Bardia Sadr ◽  
Shahab Babakoohi ◽  
Maryam Sarraf-Yazdy ◽  
Ferial Fanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Transepidermal Water Loss ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Biophysical Parameters ◽  
Skin Physiology ◽  
Melanin Index

Background. Understanding the physiological, chemical, and biophysical characteristics of the skin helps us to arrange a proper approach to the management of skin diseases.Objective. The aim of this study was to measure 6 biophysical characteristics of normal skin (sebum content, hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), erythema index, melanin index, and elasticity) in a normal population and assess the effect of sex, age, and body location on them.Methods. Fifty healthy volunteers in 5 age groups (5 males and females in each) were enrolled in this study. A multifunctional skin physiology monitor (Courage & Khazaka electronic GmbH, Germany) was used to measure skin sebum content, hydration, TEWL, erythema index, melanin index, and elasticity in 8 different locations of the body.Results. There were significant differences between the hydration, melanin index, and elasticity of different age groups. Regarding the locations, forehead had the highest melanin index, where as palm had the lowest value. The mean values of erythema index and melanin index and TEWL were significantly higher in males and anatomic location was a significant independent factor for all of 6 measured parameters.Conclusion. Several biophysical properties of the skin vary among different gender, age groups, and body locations.

scholarly journals Estradiol Serum Levels in Menopausal Women With and Without Vasomotor Syndrome in Medan

KnE Medicine ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fidel Ganis Siregar
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Parasympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vasomotor Symptoms ◽  
Obstetrics And Gynecology ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Significant Difference

<p>Vasomotor syndrome is the most commonly complained syndrome in menopause women. The main mechanism is the decrease in estrogen which causes increasing of body's core temperature and overactivity of the parasympathetic nervous system. Estradiol is the most abdudant and most potent estrogen derivate that works in major receptors throughout the body. This study aimed to determine difference of estradiol serum levels between women with and without vasomotor syndromes and among the symptoms severity. This study was conducted in 50 menopausal women in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology H. Adam Malik Hospital, Medan, Indonesia. Vasomotor symptoms was assessed by interview using three options of answers. Estradiol serum was analyezed using chemiluminescent principle in Prodia Laboratory. Data were tabulated and analyzed by SPSS. This study showed significant difference of mean estradiol serum levels between women with and without vasomotor syndromes (17.5 and 47.5 pg/ml, respectively; p=0.0001). Women with mild vasomotor syndromes had higher estradiol serum levels (23.9-29 pg/ml) than those with moderate (12-19.7 pg/ml) and severe (11.8 pg/ml) degree of syndromes. By using estradiol level as a marker, the presence vasomotor symptoms even its severeity should have been predicted earlier. Therefore, women can prepare to overcome those debilitating symptoms. Further and larger reseach is needed to make this study applicable in all clinical settings.</p>

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