Free-radical Scavenging and Quantitative Estimation of Flavonoids from the Polar Extracts of Corchorus depressus Leaves

Background: The investigation of total flavonoids and antioxidant activity of polar extracts of Corchorus depressus is the major aim of this study. As observed from ancient literatures and folkloric claims the plant Corchorus depressus worshipped by the married women of Odisha, India, in the rituals called as “Jama Jutia”, possesses different biological activities including antioxidant property. Methods: The diphenyl picryl hydrazine, hydroxyl radical and nitric oxide radical scavenging methods were performed for measurement of the antioxidant activity at different extracts. The flavonoid and phenolic content of the extracts were determined by using aluminium chloride and Folin-Ciocalteau’s reagent (FCR) methods respectively. Results: The results for estimation of total phenolic content (mg/ 100 g) expressed as gallic acid equivalent (GAE) and total flavonoid (mg/ 100 g) in weight of quercetin equivalent (QE) was highest in methanolic extract 78.46 and 21.2 respectively, followed by 18.18 mg/100 g in GAE and 1.80 mg/100 g in QE for aqueous extract. Conclusion: The methanolic extract of C. depressus at 100µg/ml showed highest DPPH, hydroxyl and nitric oxide radical scavenging activity and this activity may be attributed to the presence of saponins and flavonoids as detected in the extract.

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Variation in antioxidant activity at two ripening stages of wild mango, Spondias pinnata (L.f.) Kurz., an underutilized fruit

Plant Science Today ◽

10.14719/pst.2020.7.4.863 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Bince Mani ◽

Sinjumol Thomas

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Total Antioxidant Activity ◽

Plant Origin ◽

Nitric Oxide Radical ◽

Total Antioxidant

Antioxidant compounds play a significant role in preventing and scavenging free-radicals by reducing oxidative stress and providing protection to humans against degenerative diseases and infections. Obviously, antioxidant molecules of plant origin are pivotal to combat the oxidative harm in cells. Present work intended to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of the fruits of Spondias pinnata. Methanol extracts of the fruits at two stages of maturity were prepared and investigated by various antioxidants analyses such as total antioxidant activity, reducing power and radical scavenging assays (DPPH, nitric oxide and hydrogen peroxide). Its total phenol, flavonoid and tannin contents were also determined. Spondias pinnata fruit extracts exhibited effective antioxidant activity and its IC50 values of the unripe fruits were 65, 66, 72.23, 83.25, 66.75 ?g/ml and ripe fruits were 124.24, 92.50, 97.66, 144.10, 72.25 ?g/ml, for total antioxidant activity, reducing power, DPPH radical scavenging, nitric oxide radical scavenging and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays respectively. The extracts, especially unripe fruit extract had good amounts of total phenolic and flavonoid contents which might contribute the antioxidant activities considerably. It is evident from the study that the fruits of S. pinnata possessed potent antioxidant activity and it can be considered as a good dietary choice among the underutilized fruits as well as common fruits. Therefore, wild mango may be a good choice of antioxidants of plant origin for dietary and pharmaceutical uses.

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ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND ANTIPROLIFERATIVE ACTION OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF LIQUORICE (GLYCYRRHIZA GLABRA) IN HEPG2 CELL LINE

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2016v8i9.11954 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (9) ◽

pp. 293 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Dasharath B. Shinde ◽

Santosh S. Koratkar ◽

Neeti Sharma ◽

Ajinkya A. Shitole

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Hepg2 Cells ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Glycyrrhiza Glabra ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Hepg2 Cell Line

Objective: To evaluate the in vitro antioxidant activity of liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) against H2O2 induced oxidative stress in HepG2 cell line.Methods: Antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts of Glycyrrhiza glabra was investigated by measuring total phenolic content using folin-ciocalteu reagent (FCR), free radical scavenging activity by DPPH and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The presence of phenolic compounds and flavonoids in the extract was confirmed by Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis. Furthermore, the protective effect of methanolic extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra against oxidative stress induced by H2O2 in HepG2 cells was investigated by MTT assay. HepG2 cells were exposed with five different treatments viz. liquorice, H2O2, ascorbic acid, H2O2+liquorice and H2O2+ascorbic acid, to explore the effect of the extract on malondialdehyde (MDA) production, catalase activity, and glutathione reductase levels.Results: The total phenolic content estimated in Glycyrrhiza glabra extract was found to be 241.47 µg per 1000 µg/ml of methanolic extract. It was found that as the concentration of the extract was increased both the free radical scavenging activity and ferric ion reducing power was also found to increase. LC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of eight different phenolic compounds in the methanolic extract which are possibly contributing to the antioxidant activity exhibited by the extract. It was also observed that liquorice treated HepG2 cells showed lower MDA and higher glutathione and catalase levels as compared to only H2O2 treated HepG2 cells where increased MDA production, decreased glutathione reductase and catalase production was observed.Conclusion: Our results thus conclude that, the methanolic extract of Glycyrrhiza glabra can be used as natural supplements in various disease conditions where oxidative stress has been reported.

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Evaluation of Antioxidant Activity and Acute Toxicity ofClausena excavataLeaves Extract

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2014/975450 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Shaymaa Fadhel Abbas Albaayit ◽

Yusuf Abba ◽

Rasedee Abdullah ◽

Noorlidah Abdullah

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Acute Toxicity ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Aluminium Chloride ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

High Dose ◽

Antioxidant Power

Clausena excavata(Lour.), locally known as “Kemantu hitam,” is a common plant in Malaysian folklore medicine. This study evaluated the antioxidant properties of the solvent extracts ofC. excavataleaves and determined the acute toxicity of methanolic extractC. excavata(MECE) leaves in Sprague-Dawley rats. Harvested leaves were dried and subjected to solvent extraction using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and methanol in succession. The antioxidant activity of each extract was determined using the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl dihydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoids content (TFC) were estimated by Folin-Ciocalteu and ethanolic aluminium chloride method, respectively. The chloroform extract was found to be highest in flavonoid content, while the methanolic extract showed the highest TPC and antioxidant activity. There was no mortality in rats treated with MECE leaves even at a high dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight. However, the MECE leaves produced mild to moderate pathological changes in the liver and kidneys, shown by mild degenerative changes and leucocyte infiltration. The extract did not affect the haematological parameters or relative weights of the liver or kidneys. Overall, the MECE leaves have potent antioxidant activity and are presumed safe to be used orally as health-promoting product at low to moderate doses.

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Effects of Different Drying Methods and Solvents on Biological Activities of Curcuma aeruginosa Leaves Extract

Sains Malaysiana ◽

10.17576/jsm-2021-5008-06 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 50 (8) ◽

pp. 2207-2218

Author(s):

Wan Najiyah Hanun Wan Nasir ◽

Nurul Najiha Ain Ibrahim ◽

Kuo Hao Woon ◽

Azliana Abu Bakar Sajak ◽

Noor-Soffalina Sofian-Seng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Freeze Drying ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Biological Activities ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Biological Properties ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Drying Methods ◽

Antioxidant Power ◽

Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power

Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. is one of the plants from the Zingiberaceae family which the rhizome has been used for medicinal purposes. However, the biological properties of the leaves have not been fully explored. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different drying methods and solvents on total phenolic content, antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic activities of C. aeruginosa leaf extract. Samples were dried by oven drying (OD) and freeze drying (FD), and then extracted using different ratios of ethanol:water (100:0, 50:50 and 0:100). The amount of phenolic content (TPC) was determined using a spectrophotometer. Antioxidant activity was tested using the Free Radical Scavenging (DPPH) test and the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power assay (FRAP), while the anti-hyperglycemic test was evaluated by determining the percentage of α-glucosidase inhibition. The results showed that FD at 100:0 and 50:50 concentrations had the highest phenolic content (30.88 and 33.06 mg GAE/g extract, respectively) and highest antioxidant activity value (38.24 and 42.46 mg TEAC/g extract, respectively). For DPPH, FD at 50:50 showed the highest inhibition of 71.48% compared to other extracts. Whereas FD at 100:0, 50:50 and 0:100 showed the highest α-glucosidase inhibition of 25.65, 30.78 and 27.65%, respectively. However, compared to Quercetin, the extract showed mild anti-hyperglycemic activity. The results indicated that FD is the best method of drying while 50:50 showed as the best solvents. Positive correlation between TPC with antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic activities showed that C. aeruginosa leaf has potential as a source of natural antioxidant with the presence of phenolic compounds.

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Antioxidant activity and total phenolic and flavonoid contents of Dendrobium amoenum Wall. ex Lindl.

Botanica Orientalis Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.3126/botor.v9i0.21010 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

pp. 20-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Mukti Ram Poudel ◽

Mukesh Babu Chand ◽

Namrata Karki ◽

Bijaya Pant

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Free Radical ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Free Radical Scavenging ◽

Biologically Active ◽

Aluminium Chloride ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Phenolic And Flavonoid

Dendrobium amoenum has biologically active phytoconstituents valued for traditional Chinese or folk medicine as tonic. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of its stem extract was estimated by using Folin-Ciocalteu’s reagent and Aluminium chloride methods respectively. Antioxidant activity was determined by DPPH free radical scavenging method. Total phenolic content found in acetone (134.34 μg GAE/mg extract) and chloroform (101.55 μg GAE/mg extract) extract was significantly higher than other solvent extracts. Similarly, these two extracts had significantly high flavonoid content (acetone: 115.73 μg QE/mg extract, and chloroform: 84.16 μg QE/mg extract). Presence of high phenolic and flavonoid contents in these extracts showed the highest antioxidant activity. Highest antioxidant activity of these extracts was determined by their lowest IC50 value (acetone: 53.19 μg/ml and chloroform: 36.48 μg/ml). Significant negative relationship was found between phenolic content and IC50 (R2 = 0.209, p < 0.01) and flavonoid content and IC50 (R2 = 0.389, p < 0.01), which indicates high antioxidant activity due to high phenolic and flavonoid contents. This result revealed that D. amoenum act as an antioxidant agent due to its free radical scavenging activity which plays a crucial role in the development of new chemotherapeutic agents.

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Antioxidant and Hepatoprotective properties of Helianthus annuus seed extract against paracetamol-induced liver toxicity

The Journal of Phytopharmacology ◽

10.31254/phyto.2020.9512 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 361-366

Author(s):

Abena Amponsaa Brobbey ◽

◽

Yakubu Jibira ◽

Baba Fuseini ◽

Richard Nii-Lamptey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Helianthus Annuus ◽

Total Phenolic Content ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Liver Toxicity ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Total Phenol Content

This experiment aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effect of methanolic extract of Helianthus annuus (sunflower) seeds against paracetamol induced liver injury. Four groups of rats (n = 3) were used and administered orally once daily with H. annus methanolic extract (100, 300, and 500 mg/kg) for 7 days, followed by the induction of hepatotoxicity using acetaminophen. The blood and liver samples were subjected to liver function biochemical and lipid peroxidation assay. The extract was also subjected to in-vitro antioxidant study using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay. The total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were also evaluated. The extract was found to have a total flavonoids of 7.72 ± 2.3 mg/g quercetin equivalence and total phenolic content of 40.60244 ± 1.14 mg/g Gallic acid equivalence. H. annus methanolic extract exhibited a significant decrease (P < 0.0001) in Alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and aspartate aminotransferase enzyme levels. The extract exhibited antioxidant activity and contained high total phenol content. H. annus methanol extract was found to possess a potential hepatoprotective activity that could be partly attributed to its antioxidant activity and high phenolic content.

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Phytochemical and Pharmacological Activity of Myristica fragrans Houtt (Myristicaceae)

INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH ◽

10.25258/ijtpr.v9i01.9038 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 9 (01) ◽

Author(s):

Md Arifur Rahman Chowdhury ◽

Manirujjaman . ◽

Md Mazedul Haq

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Methanolic Extract ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Antioxidant Property ◽

Free Radical Scavenging ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Writhing Test ◽

Myristica Fragrans ◽

Myristica Fragrans Houtt

Objective: Myristica fragrans Houtt commonly used as traditional medicine for alleviating of various disorders. The purpose of our study was to map out the in vitro antioxidant property and in vivo anti-hyperglycemic and analgesic effect of the methanolic extract of Myristica fragrans Houtt. (Seed and mace) (Myristicaceae) on Swiss albino mice. Methods: The processed powder of Myristica fragrans Houtt (seed and mace) were subjected to methanolic extraction by soxhlet filtration methods, and the desiccated extract was used for screening of antioxidant by DPPH free radical scavenging assessment as well as total phenolic content by using folin-ciocalteu reagent.Anti-hyperglycemic effect and analgesic action tested through alloxan induced antidiabetics test and acetic acid-tempted writhing test on mice. Results: In DPPH free radical scavenging assessment, free radicals neutralization expressed as % of inhibition 49.69±0.06% also by IC50 values as 68.43 µg/ml surmise middle level of antioxidant property. The total phenolic content expressed as 186.25 mg/g equivalent of gallic acid indicates, active phenolic content. Oral administration of 200 and 400 mg/kg of extract dose and reference drug vildagliptin (50 mg/kg) for the duration of the 4-day study period, and initiated % of inhibition the blood glucose level measured as 22.48%, 44.78% and 62.02% regard as the significant anti-hyperglycemic properties. The analgesic activity was investigated by using the acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice, at the dose of 200 mg/kg body and 400mg/kg weight, and resulting 50.4% and 68.10% correspondingly, which was considerably significant with a standard drug. Conclusion: The present study suggests that methanolic extract of seed and mace of Myristica fragrans Houtt can manage moderate oxidative stress as well as perform the painkilling action. Besides, prolong medication may enhance the new dimension of anti-hyperglycemic activity.

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Antifungal and Antioxidant Potential of Methanolic Extracts from Acorus calamus L., Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck, Lemna minuta Kunth and Scenedesmus dimorphus (Turpin) Kützing

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11114745 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (11) ◽

pp. 4745

Author(s):

Toncho Dinev ◽

Milena Tzanova ◽

Katya Velichkova ◽

Diyana Dermendzhieva ◽

Georgi Beev

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Chlorella Vulgaris ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Acorus Calamus ◽

Total Flavonoid Content ◽

Flavonoid Content ◽

Methanolic Extracts ◽

Scenedesmus Dimorphus

Plant extracts are an important alternative to antibiotics, which are ever more restricted because of their developing microbial resistance and some adverse effects that have been observed following frequent application. The aim of the present study was to determine the antifungal and antioxidant activity of the methanolic extracts of Acorus calamus, Chlorella vulgaris, Lemna minuta and Scenedesmus dimorphus. The antifungal activity of the extracts against strains of Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus parasiticus, Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus carbonarius, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium oxysporum, Penicillium chrysogenum and Alternaria alternata was evaluated via the agar well diffusion method. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was measured through the determination of three parameters—total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and radical scavenging potential (determined through UV/Vis analysis). A. calamus extracts had the highest antimicrobial activity against eight fungal strains, followed by the C. vulgaris, L. minuta and S. dimorphus extracts, which were inhibitory against two to three strains. Among the extracts from the species studied, the extract from S. dimorphus showed the highest antioxidant potential, as determined via the DPPH (1,1’-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazil-radical) method. This correlated to its high total phenolic and flavonoid content. From A. calamus and L. minuta, methanolic extracts were obtained that exhibited similar values of the aforementioned parameters, followed by C. vulgaris extracts, which showed the lowest antioxidant activity. Based on the Pearson correlation coefficients, the impacts of the total phenolic content and the total flavonoid content on radical scavenging capacity are similar, and flavonoids were a significant part of the total phenolic compounds extracted from the plant materials studied.

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New insights of phenolic compounds from optimized fruit extract of Ficus auriculata

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-91913-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

M. Shahinuzzaman ◽

Parul Akhtar ◽

N. Amin ◽

Yunus Ahmed ◽

Farah Hannan Anuar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Total Phenolic Content ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Fruit Extract ◽

Optimum Extraction

AbstractIn this study, the extraction conditions extracted maximize amounts of phenolic and bioactive compounds from the fruit extract of Ficus auriculata by using optimized response surface methodology. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated through the assay of radical scavenging ability on DPPH and ABTS as well as reducing power assays on total phenolic content (TPC). For the extraction purpose, the ultrasonic assisted extraction technique was employed. A second-order polynomial model satisfactorily fitted to the experimental findings concerning antioxidant activity (R2 = 0.968, P < 0.0001) and total phenolic content (R2 = 0.961, P < 0.0001), indicating a significant correlation between the experimental and expected value. The highest DPPH radical scavenging activity was achieved 85.20 ± 0.96% at the optimum extraction parameters of 52.5% ethanol (v/v), 40.0 °C temperature, and 22 min extraction time. Alternatively, the highest yield of total phenolic content was found 31.65 ± 0.94 mg GAE/g DF at the optimum extraction conditions. From the LC–ESI–MS profiling of the optimized extract, 18 bioactive compounds were tentatively identified, which may regulate the antioxidant activity of fruits of F. auriculata.

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Effects of solvent extraction system on antioxidant activity of Lamium purpureum L.

Hemijska industrija ◽

10.2298/hemind160518047g ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 71 (5) ◽

pp. 361-370

Author(s):

Slavica Grujic ◽

Ana Dzamic ◽

Violeta Mitic ◽

Vesna Stankov-Jovanovic ◽

P.D. Marin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Methanol Extract ◽

Phenolic Content ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Reducing Power ◽

Total Phenolic ◽

Radical Scavenger ◽

Scavenging Activity

Antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts of aerial parts of Lamium purpureum L. was determined by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and TRP assays. Contents of flavonoids and phenols were also investigated. The total phenolic content in the extracts, determined using Folin?Ciocalteu assay, ranged between 8.57 to 128.00 mg GAE/g d.e. while concentrations of flavonoids in the extracts varied from 24.20 to 39.80 mg QuE/g d.e. The highest phenolic content was found in methanol extract (128.00 mg GAE/g d.e.). The highest content of total flavonoids was identified in the methanol extract (39.80 mg QuE/g d.e.) and the lowest was in the chloroform (24.30 mg QuE/g d.e.). DPPH scavenging of the extracts was determined and obtained IC50 values ranged from 0.12 to 3.12 mg/mL of solution. The values of ABTS radical scavenging activity ranged from 0.35 to 1.80 mg AA/g. The highest ABTS antiradical activity was registered for methanol extract. The FRAP value was found within the range 0.08 to 1.04 ?mol Fe/mg. The best radical scavenger was methanol (1.04 ?mol Fe/mg). In reducing power assay different extracts of L. purpureum showed increasing of activity with increased concentration, and all extracts possessed substantial dose dependent antioxidant activity. The best reducing capacity was obtained with methanol extract of L. purpureum (0.0132 mg AA/mL). The results in this study confirmed that L. purpureum possesses moderate antioxidant properties.

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