scholarly journals Role of Public Awareness Ensuring the Sustainability of Arsenic Mitigation

2021 ◽  
pp. 391-404
Author(s):  
Sovan Kumar Singha ◽  
Deb Prasad Sikdar
Keyword(s):  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Grass Roots ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Removal Technology ◽  
The Individual

Arsenic poisoning is the largest mass poisoning in history. It causes numerous toxic effects to human health which ultimately leads to cancer or Alzheimer’s disease. Nearly 300 million people over 180 countries worldwide are suffering from the arsenic contaminated groundwater more than WHO directed limit. Despite of its potential fatal toxicities, there is no effective treatment for arsenicosis. Cost-effective arsenic removal technology is also a matter of considerable research. This study aimed to summarize the individual and social issues related to arsenic problem and the remedies suggested by different authors to cope with the adverse effects of arsenic. Reported studies emphasized that only mass awareness and mass education can stop the spreading of this disaster. This study will be helpful for future research on the awareness on arsenic contamination and studies on assessing behavior in different context. Policymakers may find it as helpful resource since it describes the problem from grass-roots level. Researchers’ of pharmaceuticals and medicines may be inspired to perform their research in this field.

The Role of Normative Information in Judgments of Others

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine H. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Interpersonal Perception ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Average Person ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Source Of Information

When forming impressions of an other’s personality, people often rely on information not directly related to the individual at hand. One source of information that can influence people’s impressions of others is the personality of the average person (i.e., normative profile). This relationship between the normative profile and an impression is called normative accuracy or normativity. In this chapter, you will learn about the average personality, why it is important, the relationship to social desirability and what it means to have a normative impression, as well as correlates and moderators of normativity. More broadly, you will learn about current research and views regarding the normative profile and normative impressions as well as concrete steps for incorporating this approach into your future research on interpersonal perception.

scholarly journals Testing the Role of Emotion Dysregulation as a Predictor of Juvenile Recidivism

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-95
Author(s):  
Kalin Z. Salinas ◽  
Amanda Venta
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Juvenile Offenders ◽  
Emotion Dysregulation ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Individual Factor ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Individual

The current study proposed to determine whether adolescent emotion regulation is predictive of the amount and type of crime committed by adolescent juvenile offenders. Despite evidence in the literature linking emotion regulation to behaviour problems and aggression across the lifespan, there is no prior longitudinal research examining the predictive role of emotion regulation on adolescent recidivism, nor data regarding how emotion regulation relates to the occurrence of specific types of crimes. Our primary hypothesis was that poor emotion regulation would positively and significantly predict re-offending among adolescents. We tested our hypothesis within a binary logistic framework utilizing the Pathways to Desistance longitudinal data. Exploratory bivariate analyses were conducted regarding emotion regulation and type of crime in the service of future hypothesis generation. Though the findings did not indicate a statistically significant relation between emotion regulation and reoffending, exploratory findings suggest that some types of crime may be more linked to emotion regulation than others. In sum, the present study aimed to examine a hypothesized relation between emotion regulation and juvenile delinquency by identifying how the individual factor of dysregulated emotion regulation may have played a role. This study’s findings did not provide evidence that emotion regulation was a significant predictor of recidivism over time but did suggest that emotion regulation is related to participation in certain types of crime one year later. Directions for future research that build upon the current study were described. Indeed, identifying emotion regulation as a predictor of adolescent crime has the potential to enhance current crime prevention efforts and clinical treatments for juvenile offenders; this is based on the large amount of treatment literature, which documents that emotion regulation is malleable through treatment and prevention programming.

scholarly journals Exploring Secondary Metabolite Profiles of Stachybotrys spp. by LC-MS/MS

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Jagels ◽  
Viktoria Lindemann ◽  
Sebastian Ulrich ◽  
Christoph Gottschalk ◽  
Benedikt Cramer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
The Individual ◽  
First Time ◽  
Analytical Standards ◽  
Respective Species

The genus Stachybotrys produces a broad diversity of secondary metabolites, including macrocyclic trichothecenes, atranones, and phenylspirodrimanes. Although the class of the phenylspirodrimanes is the major one and consists of a multitude of metabolites bearing various structural modifications, few investigations have been carried out. Thus, the presented study deals with the quantitative determination of several secondary metabolites produced by distinct Stachybotrys species for comparison of their metabolite profiles. For that purpose, 15 of the primarily produced secondary metabolites were isolated from fungal cultures and structurally characterized in order to be used as analytical standards for the development of an LC-MS/MS multimethod. The developed method was applied to the analysis of micro-scale extracts from 5 different Stachybotrys strains, which were cultured on different media. In that process, spontaneous dialdehyde/lactone isomerization was observed for some of the isolated secondary metabolites, and novel stachybotrychromenes were quantitatively investigated for the first time. The metabolite profiles of Stachybotrys species are considerably influenced by time of growth and substrate availability, as well as the individual biosynthetic potential of the respective species. Regarding the reported adverse effects associated with Stachybotrys growth in building environments, combinatory effects of the investigated secondary metabolites should be addressed and the role of the phenylspirodrimanes re-evaluated in future research.

Cultivating Resilience During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Socioecological Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Zhang ◽  
Shujuan Yang ◽  
Peng Jia
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Pandemic Preparedness ◽  
Predicting Factors ◽  
Effective Interventions ◽  
Interdisciplinary Framework ◽  
The Individual

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses wide-ranging impacts on the physical and mental health of people around the world, increasing attention from both researchers and practitioners on the topic of resilience. In this article, we review previous research on resilience from the past several decades, focusing on how to cultivate resilience during emerging situations such as the COVID-19 pandemic at the individual, organizational, community, and national levels from a socioecological perspective. Although previous research has greatly enriched our understanding of the conceptualization, predicting factors, processes, and consequences of resilience from a variety of disciplines and levels, future research is needed to gain a deeper and comprehensive understanding of resilience, including developing an integrative and interdisciplinary framework for cultivating resilience, developing an understanding of resilience from a life span perspective, and developing scalable and cost-effective interventions for enhancing resilience and improving pandemic preparedness. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Psychology, Volume 73 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Fundamentals of Electrostatic Spraying

2015 ◽  
pp. 461-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Patel ◽  
Chirravoori Ghanshyam
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Electrostatic Spraying ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
The People ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Engineering Practices ◽  
Agriculture And Food ◽  
Uniform Deposition

The desired attributes of electrostatic spraying are uniform deposition onto both directly exposed or obscured crop surfaces which minimize the off-target losses of active ingredients to soil, water, atmosphere and provide more effective and economical pest control. This chapter presents an overview of electrostatic spraying technologies in the field of agriculture emphasizing the key role of advanced electrostatic instrumentation and chronicles the scientific innovations in the parlance of providing cost effective and reliable commercial systems along with an insight on the needs of future research perspectives and directives. It is aimed primarily at a familiarization with spraying concepts and engineering practices. This text is to bridge the knowledge and experience gap among researchers and technology developers and the people involved in electrostatic processes applied to agriculture and food processing. It will also introduce the engineering aspects of design and development of an electrostatic spraying nozzle for agricultural applications.

Unemployment, Underemployment, Occupational Stress and Psychological Well-Being

2002 ◽  
Vol 27 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 137-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony H. Winefield
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Stress ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Research Interest ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
The Past ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Future Research Directions

Research on unemployment, underemployment and organisational stress have become major social issues over the past 20 years and have attracted considerable research interest on the part of organisational psychologists both in Australia and overseas. Globalisation has led to restructuring and downsizing in many industrialised societies and a shift, for many workers, from the prospect of secure, long-term employment, to unemployment or inadequate or insecure employment. This paper reviews the research on these topics, discusses their theoretical implications and suggests future research directions.

The role of compliance for organisational change

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 334-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Busse ◽  
Ufuk Doganer
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Organisational Change ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lively Debate ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Depth Interviews

Purpose Fuelled by the latest scandals at Siemens, VW or Walmart, there is a lively debate on the role of compliance and ethics programmes. Unlike large corporations, small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) arguably tend to underestimate their significance and lag behind. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to shed light on the process of introducing compliance codes and its effects on employee acceptance and performance. Design/methodology/approach In line with the qualitative methodology, the authors conducted 12 in-depth interviews with German SME employees which the authors evaluated with the qualitative content analysis. Findings As for the major contribution, results indicate the emergence of a lack of understanding, anger, anxiety and operational performance losses – both at the individual and the corporate level – especially when employees feel uninvolved in the initial introduction stadium. Originality/value Practicing managers may benefit from the recommendation to facilitate staff involvement at earlier stages. As for theory advancement, the authors draw on Kotter’s (2007) long surviving “Eight Steps Change Management Model” and find significant support for shifting the spotlight of attention towards the first four phases. The authors discuss the original value of the research, admit limitations and illuminate some promising future research trajectories.

The responsibilities of the project owner in benefits realization

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ofer Zwikael ◽  
Jack R. Meredith ◽  
John Smyrk
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Transition ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Senior Executives ◽  
Longitudinal Case Study ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Benefits Realization ◽  
Project Phases ◽  
The Individual

Purpose Recent research has proposed the position of a project owner as the individual accountable for realizing target benefits. However, there is a lack of understanding in the literature of this role – in particular, the specific responsibilities of the project owner that can enhance benefits realization and operations performance. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach The paper identifies these responsibilities in practice through two studies – a qualitative study, which includes interviews with senior executives who fund projects, and an in-depth longitudinal case study, which describes a company that continuously realizes the benefits from its projects. Findings The results suggest that a project owner should have 22 key responsibilities across four project phases and that an operations manager is often the most suitable candidate to fulfill this role in operations improvement projects. When performing these project responsibilities effectively, operations managers enhance benefits realization and operations improvement. Finally, the paper proposes five hypotheses for future research. Originality/value Based on agency theory, the paper increases our knowledge of the role of the project owner in practice. This new knowledge can enhance the realization of target benefits from projects and ensure a smooth transition from the project to the operations environment.

scholarly journals Using Metaphor to Find Meaning in Life

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Landau
Keyword(s):  
Meaning In Life ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor Theory ◽  
Metaphor Theory ◽  
Empirical Tests ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Concrete Concepts ◽  
Over Time

Pursuing meaning in life confronts the individual with abstract ideas about the connections between experiences and identities over time ( continuity), the ends that life serves ( purpose), and its worth ( value). Conceptual metaphor theory is helpful to explain the cognitive strategies people use to understand these ideas. This theory posits that metaphor is a cognitive tool for understanding abstractions in terms of superficially dissimilar, relatively more concrete concepts. Early empirical tests of this claim focused on how activated metaphors influence judgments of other people, events, and social issues. Going further, an emerging area of research examines metaphor's roles in perceptions of life's continuity, purpose, and value. This article provides the first overview of this development. Specific aims are to organize previous findings, identify questions for future research, and discuss theoretical implications for the meaning of meaning.

scholarly journals Toward understanding three phases of individual responses to paradox

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunnar Birkelund
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Individual Response ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Paradox Theory ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Three Phases

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to further paradox research at the individual level through applying a framework of three phases of individual response to paradox – recognition, understanding and behaviour.Design/methodology/approachCritical and integrative review of previous studies of individual responses to paradox.FindingsThe role of individual understanding is limited in extant research on individual responses to paradox. Individual understanding tends to be equated with behaviour, and thus knowledge of understanding is not differentiated enough, neither is the link between understanding and behaviour sufficiently developed.Research limitations/implicationsThe review does not consider the relationship to interactional, organisational and environmental contexts. The recommendation for future research is to explore individual responses to paradox more entirely, to provide an adequate ground for extending paradox theory across individual and broader levels of analysis.Originality/valueThe review contributes to paradox theory by separating individual understanding and then providing a framework in which recognition, understanding and behaviour can be reintegrated in new ways. In addition to more accurate discernment of individual understanding and of combinations of responses across phases, the three-phase framework facilitates investigation of more intricate influences across phases and paths of evolution of such responses over time.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document