Fundamentals of Electrostatic Spraying

2015 ◽  
pp. 461-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Patel ◽  
Chirravoori Ghanshyam
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Electrostatic Spraying ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
The People ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Engineering Practices ◽  
Agriculture And Food ◽  
Uniform Deposition

The desired attributes of electrostatic spraying are uniform deposition onto both directly exposed or obscured crop surfaces which minimize the off-target losses of active ingredients to soil, water, atmosphere and provide more effective and economical pest control. This chapter presents an overview of electrostatic spraying technologies in the field of agriculture emphasizing the key role of advanced electrostatic instrumentation and chronicles the scientific innovations in the parlance of providing cost effective and reliable commercial systems along with an insight on the needs of future research perspectives and directives. It is aimed primarily at a familiarization with spraying concepts and engineering practices. This text is to bridge the knowledge and experience gap among researchers and technology developers and the people involved in electrostatic processes applied to agriculture and food processing. It will also introduce the engineering aspects of design and development of an electrostatic spraying nozzle for agricultural applications.

Fundamentals of Electrostatic Spraying

2020 ◽  
pp. 79-107
Author(s):  
Manoj Kumar Patel ◽  
Chirravoori Ghanshyam
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Electrostatic Spraying ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
The People ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Engineering Practices ◽  
Agriculture And Food ◽  
Uniform Deposition

The desired attributes of electrostatic spraying are uniform deposition onto both directly exposed or obscured crop surfaces which minimize the off-target losses of active ingredients to soil, water, atmosphere and provide more effective and economical pest control. This chapter presents an overview of electrostatic spraying technologies in the field of agriculture emphasizing the key role of advanced electrostatic instrumentation and chronicles the scientific innovations in the parlance of providing cost effective and reliable commercial systems along with an insight on the needs of future research perspectives and directives. It is aimed primarily at a familiarization with spraying concepts and engineering practices. This text is to bridge the knowledge and experience gap among researchers and technology developers and the people involved in electrostatic processes applied to agriculture and food processing. It will also introduce the engineering aspects of design and development of an electrostatic spraying nozzle for agricultural applications.

Public Administration in the Islamic World: Considering the Importance of Religion, its Values and Culture

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-38
Author(s):  
Daniel Hummel
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Core Values ◽  
Comparative Perspective ◽  
Religious Values ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Salient Region ◽  
The People ◽  
Comparative Public Administration

A small but growing area of public administration scholarship appreciates the influence of religious values on various aspects of government. This appreciation parallels a growing interest in comparative public administration and indigenized forms of government which recognizes the role of culture in different approaches to government. This article is at the crossroads of these two trends while also considering a very salient region, the Islamic world. The Islamic world is uniquely religious, which makes this discussion even more relevant, as the nations that represent them strive towards legitimacy and stability. The history and core values of Islam need to be considered as they pertain to systems of government that are widely accepted by the people. In essence, this is being done in many countries across the Islamic world, providing fertile grounds for public administration research from a comparative perspective. This paper explores these possibilities for future research on this topic.

The approach to patients with cognitive impairment and hip fracture: the role of orthogeriatric care

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J Tarazona-Santabalbina ◽  
Juan R Doménech-Pascual ◽  
Ángel Belenguer-Varea A ◽  
Eduardo Rovira Daudi
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Functional Recovery ◽  
Functional Outcomes ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Risk Of Falls

SummaryHip fracture is very common among older patients, who are characterized by increased co-morbidities, including cognitive impairment. These patients have an increased risk of falls and fractures, poorer functional recovery and lower survival both in hospital and 12 months after discharge. We review the survival and functional outcomes of older patients with cognitive impairment and hip fracture managed in orthogeriatric units, and highlight the gaps in our knowledge of the efficacy and efficiency of specific orthogeriatric programmes for such patients and the future research perspectives in this field.

scholarly journals Role of nitric oxide in plant responses to heavy metal stress: exogenous application versus endogenous production

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (17) ◽  
pp. 4477-4488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura C Terrón-Camero ◽  
M Ángeles Peláez-Vico ◽  
Coral Del-Val ◽  
Luisa M Sandalio ◽  
María C Romero-Puertas
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Heavy Metal Stress ◽  
Metal Stress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Research Perspectives

Abstract Anthropogenic activities, such as industrial processes, mining, and agriculture, lead to an increase in heavy metal concentrations in soil, water, and air. Given their stability in the environment, heavy metals are difficult to eliminate and can constitute a human health risk by entering the food chain through uptake by crop plants. An excess of heavy metals is toxic for plants, which have various mechanisms to prevent their accumulation. However, once metals enter the plant, oxidative damage sometimes occurs, which can lead to plant death. Initial production of nitric oxide (NO), which may play a role in plant perception, signalling, and stress acclimation, has been shown to protect against heavy metals. Very little is known about NO-dependent mechanisms downstream from signalling pathways in plant responses to heavy metal stress. In this review, using bioinformatic techniques, we analyse studies of the involvement of NO in plant responses to heavy metal stress, its possible role as a cytoprotective molecule, and its relationship with reactive oxygen species. Some conclusions are drawn and future research perspectives are outlined to further elucidate the signalling mechanisms underlying the role of NO in plant responses to heavy metal stress.

scholarly journals Application of Material Flow Analysis (MFA) in Electronic Waste (E-Waste) Management: A Review

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (23) ◽  
pp. 1457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Tasbirul Islam ◽  
Nazmul Huda
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Electronic Waste ◽  
Flow Analysis ◽  
Material Flow Analysis ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Material Recovery ◽  
Research Perspectives

This paper reviews around 41 articles providing the trends, characteristics, research gaps and challenges of these studies that may help e-waste management-related academics and practitioners with an overview of the need for such tool to be applied. The results and highlighted future research perspectives discussed in this study will definitely help to analyze e-waste management systems with more critical aspects, i.e., hidden and known flows of waste products and associated materials, economic assessment of material recovery and the role of responsible authorities.

scholarly journals Emotions and emotion up-regulation during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0262283
Author(s):  
Iris Schelhorn ◽  
Swantje Schlüter ◽  
Kerstin Paintner ◽  
Youssef Shiban ◽  
Ricardo Lugo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotion Regulation ◽  
Information Management ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Cognitive Appraisals ◽  
Future Research ◽  
German Sample ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Regulation Strategies ◽  
The Moment

In stressful situations such as the COVID-19-pandemic, unpleasant emotions are expected to increase while pleasant emotions will likely decrease. Little is known about the role cognitive appraisals, information management, and upregulating pleasant emotions can play to support emotion regulation in a pandemic. In an online survey (N = 1682), we investigated predictors of changes in pleasant and unpleasant emotions in a German sample (aged 18–88 years) shortly after the first restrictions were imposed. Crisis self-efficacy and felt restriction were predictors of changes in unpleasant emotions and joy alike. The application of emotion up-regulation strategies was weakly associated with changes in joy. Among the different upregulation strategies, only “savouring the moment” predicted changes in joy. Our study informs future research perspectives assessing the role of upregulating pleasant emotions under challenging circumstances.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel C. Woolley ◽  
Philip N. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
Data Science ◽  
Autonomous Agents ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Political Role ◽  
The People ◽  
Social Media Platforms ◽  
Qualitative Work

Computational propaganda is an emergent form of political manipulation that occurs over the Internet. The term describes the assemblage of social media platforms, autonomous agents, algorithms, and big data tasked with manipulating public opinion. Our research shows that this new mode of interrupting and influencing communication is on the rise around the globe. Advances in computing technology, especially around social automation, machine learning, and artificial intelligence, mean that computational propaganda is becoming more sophisticated and harder to track. This introduction explores the foundations of computational propaganda. It describes the key role of automated manipulation of algorithms in recent efforts to control political communication worldwide. We discuss the social data science of political communication and build upon the argument that algorithms and other computational tools now play an important political role in news consumption, issue awareness, and cultural understanding. We unpack key findings of the nine country case studies that follow—exploring the role of computational propaganda during events from local and national elections in Brazil to the ongoing security crisis between Ukraine and Russia. Our methodology in this work has been purposefully mixed, using quantitative analysis of data from several social media platforms and qualitative work that includes interviews with the people who design and deploy political bots and disinformation campaigns. Finally, we highlight original evidence about how this manipulation and amplification of disinformation is produced, managed, and circulated by political operatives and governments, and describe paths for both democratic intervention and future research in this space.

Towards an Access Paradigm in Innovation Law?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Leistner
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Free Competition ◽  
Respective Role ◽  
Research Perspectives ◽  
Access Problems ◽  
Access Regulation ◽  
External Sector ◽  
Research And Policy

Abstract The article generally discusses today’s meaning of an access paradigm in innovation law. Starting from concrete examples of access problems, it examines future research perspectives and the respective role of an access paradigm in innovation law. This concerns inter alia the possibility of common principles for public interest exceptions, in particular exceptions in the interest of free competition, throughout the different IP rights, as well as a closer look at the possibility of IP-external, sector-specific access regulation and the principles which should guide such approaches in research and policy.

M-education in India: an effort to improve educational outcomes with a special emphasis on Ananya Bihar

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richa Misra ◽  
Shalini Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Best Practices ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The State ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Quality Healthcare ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Mobile Healthcare ◽  
Bottom Of Pyramid ◽  
The People

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to undermine the role of cellular technology, government and the funding agency to deliver reliable and cost-effective health services for the people living in the bottom of pyramid and remote areas of the country where quality healthcare facilities are not available. The people living in rural Bihar (India) have a limited education and are reluctant to visit the female healthcare centers. The Ananya Bihar project has employed volunteers from the same community and aid from the foundation and government to improve the maternity and neo-natal healthcare initially in eight districts of the state. Design/methodology/approach The study reviewed various m-health projects and m-education projects with a detailing of the Anaya Bihar Project initiated by Melinda Gates foundation and Government of Bihar, India. The study uncovers technical, operational aspects and methodology followed by Ananya. It has detailed the best practices followed by the project. The study also features the capability of mobile as a tool to reach the masses in most cost effective way. Findings The use of mobile application with the association from the social worker has been tremendously successful in maternity and child healthcare in the state of Bihar, India. The application includes educating the user’s about the healthcare, training for midwives, alerts related to vaccination and thereby reducing the mortality rate and improving the maternal healthcare for the people from the bottom of pyramid. The project has created awareness among the rural families and has improved the maternity healthcare in the eight districts of Bihar, India. They were also planning to expand the project in other states of India. Research limitations/implications The study is exploratory in nature and has not involved primary data collection and statistical analysis. The study has compiled the data and information available. Practical implications The present study may be used as a reference to the organization working on mobile healthcare projects to understand the best practices of m-health project. The study also explains the role of various stakeholders (as Ananya-Bihar was a collaborative effort of Social trust, Technical experts, Network service provider, Community, State Government and the People) in the success of the project. Social implications The study explains the role of technology for the benefit of people. In the present case mobile healthcare initiated by the foundation has been very effective in dealing with maternity healthcare in rural Bihar, where people cannot afford expensive healthcare facility. The only silver lining is increasing tele-density at the most affordable rate in the globe, with funding from NGOs and full support from government. Such types of m-healthcare projects will support the government in delivering quality healthcare to the people who are living below poverty line and deprived of basic healthcare facilities. Originality/value The study details the methodology and technical details of Ananya Mobile health care platform.

The role of ancestral groundwater techniques as nature based solutions for managing water

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Ribeiro
Keyword(s):  
Water Cycle ◽  
Water Security ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Global Water Cycle ◽  
Adverse Impacts ◽  
The People ◽  
Natural Wetlands ◽  
Territory Management

<p>To achieve water sustainability and a more efficient use of water we should base on the ancestral water and territory management knowledge and grained in the culture of the people, <br>This article is inspired in Nature Based Solutions (NBS) for managing water availability, particularly groundwater and aquifer-related NBS that hold major un-realized potential for alleviating adverse impacts of progressive climate change, namely to increase water security/drought resilience. In some cases, more ecosystem-friendly forms of water storage, such as natural wetlands, improvements in soil moisture and more efficient recharge of groundwater, could be more sustain-able and cost-effective than traditional grey infrastructure such as dams<br>The core of this article is centered in the pre-Inca and Inca civilizations and how these communities have developed ingenious NBS solutions to adapt to extreme climate scenarios such as prolonged droughts, managing water resources in a holistic way and how they understand clearly the global water cycle in all the components specially groundwater.<br>The article is divided in three interlinked parts: 1) to sow water, by implementing ancestral aquifer recharge solutions, 2) to retain water by improve hydraulic efficiency in terms of infiltration and drainage and 3) to collect water by improve the performance of extraction in the subterranean aqueducts in arid regions.</p>

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