scholarly journals Analytical Strategies for the Detection and Quantification of Nano-formulated Antibiotics: Updates and Perspectives

2021 ◽  
pp. 384-395
Author(s):  
Haragouri Mishra ◽  
Amulyaratna Behera ◽  
Sidhartha Sankar Kar ◽  
Gurudutta Pattnaik ◽  
Satish Kanhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Drug Resistance ◽  
Analytical Strategies ◽  
Major Attention ◽  
Bioanalytical Techniques ◽  
Micro Organisms

The rapid development of drug resistant micro-organisms is a challenge to the mankind. Nano formulated compounds have proved to be effective strategy to combat bacterial drug resistance. Currently nanoparticulate systems such as nanoantibiotics are getting major attention due to their low inherent toxicity, biodegradability, bioincompatibility and tuneable mechanical characteristics. Nano formulated antibiotics are generally obtained by emulsification and gelification techniques. The effective uses of polymers in encapsulation of antibiotics show enhancement of the efficacy of antibiotics. Combined with techniques like diffraction laser spectroscopy (DLS), electron microscopy (EM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), morphological research of nanoformulated antibiotics are conducted. The detailed study of the polymers used in the preparation of antibiotics nanoparticles as well as their impact on interactions is done by bio-analytical techniques. Antibiotics attached to nanoparticles can avoid the action of enzymes produced by drug resistant bacteria.  Nano antibiotics show higher efficacy and bioavailability so a lot of new formulations using nano methods can be developed with the help of bioanalytical techniques. The development as well as the estimation of antibiotics prepared as nano-formulations as per the recent advanced techniques is illustrated in this review.

scholarly journals Drug Resistance of Ocular Bacteria Considering Biofilm Mechanism

2021 ◽  
Vol 271 ◽  
pp. 03041
Author(s):  
Yutong Liu ◽  
Xuanrong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Biofilm ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Conjugation System ◽  
Resistant Genes ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Drug Resistance ◽  
The Relationship

In order to further analyze the relationship between the coating mechanism of microorganisms and their drug resistance, a study of ocular bacterial drug resistance considering the coating mechanism of microorganisms was proposed. Firstly, the mechanism of drug resistance was analyzed, and on this basis, the experimental study was carried out. Staphylococcus aureus DH5 with RP4 was used as the control α( R) Objective to investigate the relationship between drug-resistant bacteria and coating mechanism in the cross genus conjugation system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAOi and donor bacteria. The conclusion is that: under the condition that the horizontal transfer of drug-resistant genes between transgeneric bacteria in biofilm is inhibited, the frequency of drug-resistant gene conjugation and transfer gradually decreases, and the inhibition of the formation of drug-resistant bacterial biofilm will directly lead to the decrease of bacterial drug resistance.

scholarly journals New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-1: A weapon for the newly emerging drug-resistant bacteria

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Sanghamitra Padhi
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Micro Organisms

<p class="ABS">The world has seen the emergence of many micro-organisms in the recent past which can curb the human population with their newly built genetic make-up. The latest addition to this list of panic creating organisms is, bacteria encoding the gene for New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM)-1. NDM-1 is an enzyme that can hydrolyse and inactivate carbapenems, which are used as a last resort for the treatment of multiresistant bacterial infections. Name of these bacteria were not found in the medical literature before December 2009, because of which it can take the credit of becoming a powerful emerging bacteria which are difficult to treat. Besides <span class="Italic">Escherichia</span><span class="CharOverride-2"> </span><span class="Italic">coli</span> and <span class="BoldItalic CharOverride-2">Klebsiella pneumoniae</span>, other bacterial strains have also expressed the gene for NDM-1, which are detected in many countries.</p><div> </div>

scholarly journals Mechanistic Insights into the Antimicrobial Actions of Metallic Nanoparticles and Their Implications for Multidrug Resistance

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 2468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibhghatulla Shaikh ◽  
Nazia Nazam ◽  
Syed Mohd Danish Rizvi ◽  
Khurshid Ahmad ◽  
Mohammad Hassan Baig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Antibacterial Agents ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistant ◽  
Bacterial Drug Resistance

Multiple drug-resistant bacteria are a severe and growing public health concern. Because relatively few antibiotics have been approved over recent years and because of the inability of existing antibiotics to combat bacterial infections fully, demand for unconventional biocides is intense. Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) offer a novel potential means of fighting bacteria. Although metallic NPs exert their effects through membrane protein damage, superoxide radicals and the generation of ions that interfere with the cell granules leading to the formation of condensed particles, their antimicrobial potential, and mechanisms of action are still debated. This article discusses the action of metallic NPs as antibacterial agents, their mechanism of action, and their effect on bacterial drug resistance. Based on encouraging data about the antibacterial effects of NP/antibiotic combinations, we propose that this concept be thoroughly researched to identify means of combating drug-resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Antibody-Recruiting Protein-Catalyzed Capture Agents to Combat Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew N. Idso ◽  
Ajay Suresh Akhade ◽  
Mario L. Arrieta-Ortiz ◽  
Bert T. Lai ◽  
Vivek Srinivas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Development ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Synthetic Approach ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Antibiotic Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Drug Resistant Strains

AbstractAntibiotic resistant infections are projected to cause over 10 million deaths by 2050, yet the development of new antibiotics has slowed. This points to an urgent need for methodologies for the rapid development of antibiotics against emerging drug resistant pathogens. We report on a generalizable combined computational and synthetic approach, called antibody-recruiting protein-catalyzed capture agents (AR-PCCs), to address this challenge. We applied the combinatorial PCC technology to identify macrocyclic peptide ligands against highly conserved surface protein epitopes of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, an opportunistic gram-negative pathogen with drug resistant strains. Multi-omic data combined with bioinformatic analyses identified epitopes of the highly expressed MrkA surface protein of K. pneumoniae for targeting in PCC screens. The top-performing ligand exhibited high-affinity (EC50∼50 nM) to full-length MrkA, and selectively bound to MrkA-expressing K. pneumoniae, but not to other pathogenic bacterial species. AR-PCCs conjugated with immunogens promoted antibody recruitment to K. pneumoniae, leading to phagocytosis and phagocytic killing by macrophages. The rapid development of this highly targeted antibiotic implies that the integrated computational and synthetic toolkit described here can be used for the accelerated production of antibiotics against drug resistant bacteria.

Novel Antibiotics from Marine Sources

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1446-1461 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Martis ◽  
G M Doshi ◽  
G V Aggarwal ◽  
P P Shanbhag
Keyword(s):  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Terrestrial Life ◽  
New Antibiotics ◽  
Antibiotic Compounds ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Novel Antibiotics ◽  
Untapped Resource

With the emergence of newer diseases, resistant forms of infectious diseases and multi-drug resistant bacteria, it has become essential to develop novel and more effective antibiotics. Current antibiotics are obtained from terrestrial life or made synthetically from intermediates. The ocean represents virtually untapped resource from which novel antibiotic compounds can be discovered. It is the marine world that will provide the pharmaceutical industry with the next generation of antibiotics. Marine antibiotics are antibiotics obtained from marine organisms. Scientists have reported the discovery of various antibiotics from marine bacteria (aplasmomycin, himalomycins, and pelagiomycins), sponges (Ara C, variabillin, strobilin, ircinin-1, aeroplysin, 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenylacetamide), coelenterates (asperidol and eunicin), mollusks (laurinterol and pachydictyol), tunicates (geranylhydroquinone and cystadytins), algae (cycloeudesmol, aeroplysinin-1(+), prepacifenol and tetrabromoheptanone), worms (tholepin and 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybezaldehyde), and actinomycetes (marinomycins C and D). This indicates that the marine environment, representing approximately half of the global diversity, is an enormous resource for new antibiotics and this source needs to be explored for the discovery of new generation antibiotics. The present article provides an overview of various antibiotics obtained from marine sources.

Re-challenging antibiotic resistance with Daniel Berman

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Berman
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Healthcare Setting ◽  
Rapid Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Drug Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Global Threat ◽  
The Right ◽  
Point Of Care Tests

How can we prevent the rise of resistance to antibiotics? In this video, Daniel Berman,  Nesta Challenges, discusses the global threat of AMR and how prizes like the Longitude Prize can foster the development of rapid diagnostic tests for bacterial infections, helping to contribute towards reducing the global threat of drug resistant bacteria. Daniel outlines how accelerating the development of rapid point-of-care tests will ensure that bacterial infections are treated with the most appropriate antibiotic, at the right time and in the right healthcare setting.

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