scholarly journals An Overview on Tuberculosis and Worldwide Steps to Combat TB Including Awareness Programme in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 956-971
Author(s):  
Bhoyar Vidyadevi ◽  
Belgamwar Veena ◽  
Pardeshi Chandrakantsing ◽  
Pramod Ingle
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Indian Government ◽  
Health Habits ◽  
The People ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Awareness Programme

Objectives of current review is to collate history of Tuberculosis (TB), overview of the current literature on epidemiology, world health organisations (WHO) recent strategic plan to overcome and eliminate TB from the root, and to determine current knowledge gaps for control of TB. This study is a review, a descriptive approach of state-of-science for better treatment strategies for TB. The article finds that to reach to end TB goal, WHO, we have to follow the guideline of who about TB control, along with that the Indian government also maintained awareness program. Current findings on TB suggest that with the development of science and technology, researches being conducted to minimise the drug resistance tuberculosis, as well as WHO sets new strategy to fight against TB, which could potentially change the casual outlook of the people towards their health habits, health issues, and will help them in future to tackle from this deadly killer disease.

scholarly journals An Overview of the Epidemiologic, Diagnostic and Treatment Approaches of COVID-19: What do We Know?

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanieh Beyrampour-Basmenj ◽  
Morteza Milani ◽  
Abbas Ebrahimi-Kalan ◽  
Ziyad Ben Taleb ◽  
Kenneth D Ward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Treatment Approaches ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
History Of ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Available Information

Background: In late December 2019, a new infectious respiratory disease (COVID-19) was reported in a number of patients with a history of exposure to the Huanan seafood market in China. The World Health Organization officially announced the COVID-19 pandemic on March 11, 2020. Here, we provided an overview of the epidemiologic, diagnostic and treatment approaches associated with COVID-19.Methods: We reviewed the publications indexed in major biomedical databases by December 20, 2020 or earlier (updated on May 16, 2021). Search keywords included a combination of: COVID-19, Coronavirus disease 2019, SARS-CoV-2, Epidemiology, Prevention, Diagnosis, Vaccine, and Treatment. We also used available information about COVID-19 from valid sources such as WHO.Results and Conclusion: At the time of writing this review, while most of the countries authorized COVID-19 vaccines for emergency use starting December 8, 2020, there is no a definite cure for it. This review synthesizes current knowledge of virology, epidemiology, clinical symptoms, diagnostic approaches, common treatment strategies, novel potential therapeutic options for control and prevention of COVID-19 infection, available vaccines, public health and clinical implications.

scholarly journals Spirituality and Conflict in Healthcare: The History of the Canadian Baptists and Medical Mission in Orissa, 1900–1970

Histories ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-84
Author(s):  
Tiasa Basu Roy
Keyword(s):  
Religious Identity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Word Of God ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Medical Mission ◽  
The People ◽  
Medical Facilities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ganjam District ◽  
Positive Results

It was from the middle of the eighteenth century that discussions regarding the strategies taken up by the Protestant missionaries to propagate the Gospel generated the issue of healthcare and medical facilities among people in India. Medical mission, which hitherto was not considered, started to gain importance and reaped positive results in terms of curing individuals and its trustworthiness among tribes residing in the frontier regions. However, this developed a separatist religious identity among the population, which apparently did not appear lethal, but later culminated in the fragmentation and impeachment of solidarity among the adivais (tribal) and vengeance from the Hindu population. This article will show how the Canadian Baptist Mission, with its primary aim of spreading the Kingdom of God among the tribal Savaras in the Ganjam district of Orissa, undertook measures for serving health issues and provided medical facilities to both the caste Oriyas and the tribal Savaras. Although medical activities oriented towards philanthropy and physical well-being, medical mission was not limited to healing illness and caring for all, but also extended to spreading the word of God and influencing the people to embrace Christianity as well, which invited political troubles into the region.

Mental Health

2021 ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
Shazia Ali ◽  
Amat Us Samie ◽  
Asma Ali ◽  
Aashiq Hussain Bhat ◽  
Tariq Mir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
The People ◽  
Working Age ◽  
War And Conflict ◽  
Health Organization

Global health issues are a global burden and are relatively common in industrialized societies. The World Health Organization and researchers have developed and rebuilt tools to report the burden of disease affecting mortality and health of the people. Apart from America and Europe, which are at an average of global burden for mental health disease, in some regions it is a major priority to be addressed globally. In South East Asia, one of the affected regions is Kashmir, Northern Indian. Disasters have manifested in various forms encompassing the natural calamities of earthquake, flood, landslides and manmade calamities of violence. Trauma due to manmade calamities has taken over as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among the most productive working age group of 12-35 years. The chapter aims to understand the patterns of resilience in people surviving war and conflict in Kashmir over last 60 years. The focus is on the young population of society. Generations in Kashmir have faced the psychosocial impact of ongoing political conflict since the 1980's.

Mental Health

2020 ◽  
pp. 18-29
Author(s):  
Shazia Ali ◽  
Amat Us Samie ◽  
Asma Ali ◽  
Aashiq Hussain Bhat ◽  
Tariq Mir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Political Conflict ◽  
World Health ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
The People ◽  
Working Age ◽  
War And Conflict ◽  
Health Organization

Global health issues are a global burden and are relatively common in industrialized societies. The World Health Organization and researchers have developed and rebuilt tools to report the burden of disease affecting mortality and health of the people. Apart from America and Europe, which are at an average of global burden for mental health disease, in some regions it is a major priority to be addressed globally. In South East Asia, one of the affected regions is Kashmir, Northern Indian. Disasters have manifested in various forms encompassing the natural calamities of earthquake, flood, landslides and manmade calamities of violence. Trauma due to manmade calamities has taken over as a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among the most productive working age group of 12-35 years. The chapter aims to understand the patterns of resilience in people surviving war and conflict in Kashmir over last 60 years. The focus is on the young population of society. Generations in Kashmir have faced the psychosocial impact of ongoing political conflict since the 1980's.

Report of an International Psychogeriatric Association Special Meeting Work Group; Under the Cosponsorship of Alzheimer's Disease International, the European Federation of Neurological Societies, the World Health Organization, and the World Psychiatric Association

1997 ◽  
Vol 9 (S1) ◽  
pp. 11-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry Reisberg ◽  
Alistair Burns ◽  
Henry Brodaty ◽  
Robin Eastwood ◽  
Martin Rossor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Work Group ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
World Health ◽  
Diagnostic Process ◽  
European Federation ◽  
The World

Current knowledge with respect to the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is reviewed. There is agreement that AD is a characteristic clinicopathologic entity that is amenable to diagnosis. The diagnosis of AD should no longer be considered one of exclusion. Rather, the diagnostic process is one of recognition of the characteristic features of AD and of conditions that can have an impact on presentation or mimic aspects of the clinicopathologic picture. The present availability of improved prognosis, management, and treatment strategies makes the proper, and state-of-the-art, diagnosis of AD a clinical imperative in all medical settings. Concurrently, information regarding the relevance and applicability of current diagnostic procedures in diverse cultural settings must continue to accrue.

Nurses Without Borders: The History of Nursing as U.S. International History

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-102 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
Foreign Relations ◽  
Nursing Schools ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Nursing History ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

During World War I and its aftermath, thousands of U.S. nurses put their domestic careers on hold to work overseas. Many volunteered in the wake of war and disaster. Others worked as instructors in nursing schools and as the staff of fledgling public health agencies. This article charts the international travels of four especially mobile nurses, whose globetrotting careers took them to Europe, Asia, and the Caribbean. These women aspired to tackle world health issues, motivated by the conviction that the spread of U.S. professional nursing ideas stood to modernize the world. This article tells these nurses' stories and analyzes their ideologies of development and progress. In so doing, it demonstrates that professional women, working outside state channels, played a principal role in expanding U.S. influence in the world. Moreover, it makes the case for the centrality of nursing history to the history of U.S. foreign relations.

Genomic Profiles and Current Therapeutic Agents in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-405
Author(s):  
Akihiro Ohmoto ◽  
Chigusa Morizane
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
World Health ◽  
Standards Of Care ◽  
Neuroendocrine Neoplasms ◽  
Targeted Agents ◽  
Poorly Differentiated ◽  
Molecular Targeted Agents ◽  
Well Differentiated

Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are rare tumors that mainly occur in the gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) tract and lungs. According to the current World Health Organization classification for GEP-NENs and lung NENs, treatment strategies differ for well-differentiated and poorly differentiated subtypes. For well-differentiated GEP-NENs, somatostatin analogues (SSA), peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, and molecular-targeted agents are approved as the standards of care based on phase III clinical trial data. Promising data regarding the use of everolimus and the novel SSA pasireotide for lung NENs are emerging, though additional studies are required to confirm these effects. For poorly differentiated tumors from the GEP tract and lung, a platinum-based cytotoxic regimen is widely used. Genomic analysis has recently revealed a diverse pattern of primary organ-dependent mutations, and the use of traditional treatment strategies versus organ-specific strategies is currently under discussion. In addition, clinical trials for several molecular-targeted agents and immune checkpoint inhibitors for the treatment of NENs are currently underway. Accumulating genomic information is expected to contribute to the development of novel therapies for other organ-derived NENs or poorly differentiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs). Here, we provide an updated overview of the current knowledge regarding genomic profiles and representative agents for NENs and highlight the prospects for future investigations.

scholarly journals The Poor and the Pandemic: COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arati Raut ◽  
Ruchira Ankar ◽  
Sheetal Sakharkar
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Political Status ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

COVID-19 was proven to be a pandemic in early 2020 by the World Health Organisation (WHO). At present, 213 countries have been affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. In the history of global pandemics, COVID-19 has had a major impact on society as it has killed humans, spread human suffering and uprooted the lives of the people. Across the globe, there are 18,705,096 confirmed cases, 11,922,692 recovered cases, 704,385 deaths, and 6,078,019 active cases as of, 5 August 2020. It has affected the world’s economic, social and political status. Poor people belonging to the lower strata of society face more difficulties during pandemics. They are unable to secure their daily bread as well as other basic needs. The impact of COVID-19 on the poor and the role of society have been addressed.

scholarly journals IL-2 Signaling Axis Defects: How Many Faces?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Consonni ◽  
Claudio Favre ◽  
Eleonora Gambineri
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Interleukin 2 ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Loss Of Function ◽  
Laboratory Findings ◽  
Forkhead Box ◽  
Signaling Axis ◽  
History Of

CD25, Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5B (STAT5B) and Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) are critical mediators of Interleukin-2 (IL-2) signaling pathway in regulatory T cells (Tregs). CD25 (i.e., IL-2 Receptor α) binds with high affinity to IL-2, activating STAT5B-mediated signaling that eventually results in transcription of FOXP3, a master regulator of Treg function. Consequently, loss-of-function mutations in these proteins give rise to Treg disorders (i.e., Tregopathies) that clinically result in multiorgan autoimmunity. Immunodysregulation, Polyendocrinopathy Enteropathy X-linked (IPEX), due to mutations in FOXP3, has historically been the prototype of Tregopathies. This review describes current knowledge about defects in CD25, STAT5B, and FOXP3, highlighting that these disorders both share a common biological background and display comparable clinical features. However, specific phenotypes are associated with each of these syndromes, while certain laboratory findings could be helpful tools for clinicians, in order to achieve a prompt genetic diagnosis. Current treatment strategies will be outlined, keeping an eye on gene editing, an interesting therapeutic perspective that could definitely change the natural history of these disorders.

Colonial Neglect and the Right to Health in Puerto Rico After Hurricane Maria

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (10) ◽  
pp. 1512-1518
Author(s):  
Samantha Rivera Joseph ◽  
Caroline Voyles ◽  
Kimberly D. Williams ◽  
Erica Smith ◽  
Mariana Chilton
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Emergency Preparedness ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Human Rights Violations ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Access And Quality ◽  
The Right

The humanitarian crisis revealed as a result of Hurricane Maria in Puerto Rico demonstrates a long history of US colonial neglect and human rights violations. This reality has made it especially difficult for the people of Puerto Rico to achieve their right to the highest attainable standard of health. The impacts are pervasive, resulting in disparities in Puerto Rican health, including water access and quality; wealth, including economic loss and disinvestment; and sustainability of the island’s resources. As a result of failed governmental protection and support, public health issues related to access to care, a failing infrastructure, and discrimination all contributed to crisis on the island. A human rights framework is necessary to assess the ongoing human rights violations of the quality of life to support millions of American citizens on the island. This essay utilizes a rights-based approach to reveal historical disenfranchisement of Puerto Rico before the storms, identifies the specific human rights violations that resulted from the US government’s lack of emergency preparedness and responsiveness, and demands rebuilding the island to reconcile all that has been lost.

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