Influence of cultivation methods on the chemical and nutritional characteristics of Lentinula edodes

2019 ◽  
pp. 1006
Author(s):  
Fabiane Bach, Cristiane Vieira Helm ◽  
Edson Alves De Lima, Marcelo Barba Bellettini, Charles Windsnon Isidoro Haminiuk
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Lentinula Edodes ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
C:N Ratio ◽  
Edible Mushroom ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Quercus Acutissima ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
The Media

Abstract: Lentinula edodes (Shiitake) is an edible mushroom with excellent nutritional potential, aroma and flavor. It’s traditionally produced on wood logs, but this practice has been replaced by cultivation on axenic substrates (AS) made from different materials that are stored in plastic bags. This papper aimed to evaluate the nutritional composition of L. edodes grown on Quercus acutíssima (QA) and AS by correlating their chemical composition with the media on which they were grown. Culture media were analyzed for their density, moisture content, ash, extractives, lignin (soluble and insoluble) and holocelulose before L. edodes inoculation, as well as after the second consecutive harvest this mushrooms. The mushrooms from the second harvest of each culture media were characterized regarding their moisture content, protein, ash, lipids, dietary fiber (soluble and insoluble), α, β and glucanas total, carbohydrates and minerals. Mushrooms cultivated on AS showed higher protein content, macrominerals and lipids, when compared to mushrooms cultivated on QA. AS initially contained lower lignin content, less holocelulose and a reduced C:N ratio when compared to QA. The results showed that the composition of the culture medium influenced the nutritional composition of L. edodes mushrooms.

scholarly journals Mycelia Growth of Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) on 4-Wood Species from Leguminaceae Family

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Dahayu Ratnanindha ◽  
Johanes Pramana Gentur Sutapa ◽  
Denny Irawati
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Wood Species ◽  
Lentinula Edodes ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Shiitake Mushroom ◽  
Mycelia Growth ◽  
Chemical Content ◽  
The Media ◽  
Samanea Saman

Cultivation of  Shiitake  mushroom  (Lentinula edodes)  in  Indonesia has  not  been  developed  yet,  due  to  its  low productivity. It happens because of the limited information of the good ways on cultivation Shiitake in Indonesia. One of the factors that affect the growth of mushroom is the media. In Indonesia, the information about the media composition by using various species of wood have not been found yet. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the effect of using different wood species to the growth of Shiitake. This study used four wood species from the leguminaceae family, those were: Gamal (Glicidia sepium); Johar (Samanea saman); Leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala); and Sengon (Falcataria moluccana). Those were used as the media by adding 12.5% (w/w) of rice bran and 6% (w/w) of CaCO3, and adjusting  the moisture content by adding the distillate water to 65, 70, and 75%. Then, the media was put in to the petridisk (ø 90 mm) and inoculated with Shiitake mushroom. During the mycelia growth, the length of mycelia was measured every 2 days until fifty days, and then glucosamine content was analyzed. In addition, chemical analysis was also conducted to each media. The results showed that different wood species resulted different chemical content of media, except the acid soluble lignin content. The growth rate of mycelia was affected by the moisture content of media, meanwhile the glucosamin content is influenced by the moisture content and various species of wood. The best combination to cultivate the Shiitake mushroom was by using media made of gamal with 70% moisture content. There were positive correlation among the ethanol-toluen extracts content and the mycelia growth, however there was negative correlation among the hemicelullose content the mycelia growth.

scholarly journals Agar Desiccation – The Causes and How to Address Them

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tammy Hassel
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Petri Dish ◽  
Solid Culture ◽  
Critical Data ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
The Media

Solid culture media, or agar plates, are prone to desiccation. The combination of warm, dry air and limited moisture content to achieve a solid finish leads to inevitable drying out and desiccation. Cracks in the media, a loss of volume or shrinkage away from the sides of the Petri dish are evidence of desiccation. Overall, this reduces the capability of the media to support the growth of organisms. The reduction in growth support capability is particularly so if the microorganisms deposited on the surface of the media are stressed. Why is Desiccation an Issue It is a well-known fact that microbes have three basic requirements for growth; a food source, warmth and moisture. Reducing the moisture content risks inactivating and or inhibiting growth. The purpose of monitoring for microbes through the use of solid media is to capture microorganisms from the manufacturing environment and create favourable conditions to support their optimum growth, thus allowing them to replicate and form visible colonies for inspection. Viable environmental monitoring is a challenging process to optimise for; you are looking for the chance of capturing one of the very few microorganisms present in your extensive manufacturing facility. To do so, you use solid culture media to take samples, snapshots in time, of your environment. Firstly, you have a vast space to monitor, and your monitoring activity needs to find the very few microorganisms present. If you have set your monitoring programme up suitably and you successfully capture organism present in the environment but then add desiccation you risk losing critical data. Desiccation leads to a reduction in these favourable conditions and potentially a loss of critical data and false-negative results. Desiccation of media is considered a significant quality issue as it can lead to the inhibition of growth and or cell death. The action of drying out of the media can lead to the formation of a skin on the surface. The skin formation inhibits the recovery of organisms, through «bounce» or «air bounce». As the purpose of environmental monitoring is to capture and support the growth of contaminants, this issue will result in inconclusive data gathering. Desiccation is an inevitability. Cleanroom environments are by their very nature, high airflow facilities which, as you will see below, is a primary reason for the loss of moisture from agar plates. It is, therefore, important to ensure media qualification studies include a review that post use, your media, can meet the 70% growth rate recovery as specified in USP <1227>.

scholarly journals Development of low-cost culture media for Ankistrodesmus gracilis based on inorganic fertilizer and macrophyte

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lúcia Helena Sipaúba-Tavares ◽  
Alexandra Maria Donadon Lusser Segali ◽  
Flavia Almeida Berchielli-Morais ◽  
Bruno Scardoeli-Truzzi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Lipid Contents ◽  
Commercial Medium ◽  
The Media

Abstract Aim: The influence of three different culture media on the growth and biochemical composition of Ankistrodemsus gracilis microalgae is evaluated. Methods Microalgae were placed in a bath culture during 28 days, with inorganic fertilizer (NPK) and macrophyte Eichhornia crassipes as culture medium to compare the growth of microalgae and commercial medium CHU12. Protein and lipid contents, water conditions of the culture medium and physiological parameters were assessed weekly. Results Growth rate, macro-minerals, micro-nutrients and nutritional values were similar to commercial culture medium in the media with inorganic fertilizer and macrophyte. The biological indexes of microalgae were not influenced by weekly differences during the study period. Although lipid contents, nitrogen and growth rate of A. gracilis were higher in inorganic fertilizer and macrophyte media; Mn, B, Cu, S, dry matter, ash content, cell volume, TOC and total length were similar among the media used. The same high cell density 25 x 105 cells.mL-1 was obtained in NPK and in CHU12 medium respectively after 11 and 14 days cultivation. Conclusion Culture media inorganic fertilizer (NPK) and macrophyte (Eichhornia crassipes), were adequate and may replace the commercial medium CHU12 for the cultivation of microalgae A. gracilis, resulting in high nutritional composition, high biomass, high nutrients and low-cost.

scholarly journals The Roles of Porous Coral Sands in Initial Enrichment of Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacteria

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 525-532
Author(s):  
Qing Guo ◽  
Zao-he Wu ◽  
Ming-liang Qian ◽  
Binhe Gu
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
N:P Ratio ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Dihydrogen Phosphate ◽  
Ammonia Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Potassium Dihydrogen ◽  
Conversion Rates ◽  
Calcium Source ◽  
The Media

The purpose of this study was to investigate the roles of coral sands in the enrichment and isolation of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). We hypothesized that the porous coral sands provided additional surface area and nutrients for the growth of periphytic AOB. In the present study, an orthogonal test was designed to compare the AOB conversion rates of ammonium-nitrogen (NH4+N) to nitrite-nitrogen (NO2--N) among various combinations of culture media. Results showed that the conversion of NH4+N to NO2--N increased significantly when the coral sands were added, implying that coral sands were beneficial to the growth of AOB. Additions of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4) or sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) to the media became unnecessary when coral sands were used, but the addition of KH2PO4was needed when the molar nitrogen to phosphorus (N:P) ratio reached 10 in the enrichment media using calcium carbonate (CaCO3) powder as a calcium source.

Biochemical markers for pregnancy in the spent culture medium of in vitro produced bovine embryos

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela de Oliveira Fernandes ◽  
Marcella Pecora Milazzotto ◽  
Andrei Antonioni Guedes Fidelis ◽  
Taynan Stonoga Kawamoto ◽  
Ligiane de Oliveira Leme ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Biochemical Markers ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Metabolic Profiles ◽  
Bovine Embryos ◽  
The Media

Abstract The present study aimed to identify biomarkers to assess the quality of in vitro produced (IVP) bovine embryos in the culture media. IVP embryos on Day (D) 5 of development were transferred to individual drops, where they were maintained for the last 48 h of culture. Thereafter, the medium was collected and the embryos were transferred to the recipients. After pregnancy diagnosis, the media were grouped into the pregnant and nonpregnant groups. The metabolic profiles of the media were analyzed via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and the concentrations of pyruvate, lactate, and glutamate were assessed using fluorimetry. The spectrometric profile revealed that the media from embryos from the pregnant group presented a higher signal intensity compared to that of the nonpregnant group; the ions 156.13 Da [M + H]+, 444.33 Da [M + H]+, and 305.97 Da [M + H]+ were identified as biomarkers. Spent culture medium from expanded blastocysts (Bx) that established pregnancy had a greater concentration of pyruvate (p = 0.0174) and lesser concentration of lactate (p = 0.042) than spent culture medium from Bx that did not establish pregnancy. Moreover, pyruvate in the culture media of Bx can predict pregnancy with 90.9% sensitivity and 75% specificity. In conclusion, we identified markers in the culture media that helped in assessing the most viable IVP embryos with a greater potential to establish pregnancy.

scholarly journals The Role of Sequestrene 138 in Highbush Blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) Micropropagation

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 1487-1493 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doina Clapa ◽  
Claudiu Bunea ◽  
Orsolya Borsai ◽  
Adela Pintea ◽  
Monica Hârța ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Vaccinium Corymbosum ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Free Medium ◽  
Axillary Shoots ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Media ◽  
Dark Green

The current research was carried out to investigate the effects of iron source in the culture media for Vaccinium corymbosum L. ʻBluerayʼ, ʻDukeʼ, and ʻPatriotʼ cultivars grown on five different types of medium (Woody Plant Medium supplemented with 1.0 mg·L−1 zeatin and 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg·L−1 Sequestrene 138). After 10 weeks of culture, seven physiological parameters were measured, such as the number and length of axillary shoots, rooting and acclimatization percentage, as well as chlorophyll (a, b, a/b) and carotenoid content of the leaves. Adding Sequestrene 138 to the culture media led to a slight decrease of the proliferation rate but increased the length of the shoots. The chlorophyll and carotenoid content in all of the three cultivars was considerably increased as the iron concentration of the media increased. The shoots developed on the Sequestrene 138–free medium were chlorotic and short, whereas at different concentrations of iron in the culture medium the shoots were dark green and vigorous, providing a greater acclimatization success than those grown in iron-free medium.

Brown pigmentation of Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli associated with homogentisic acid

1994 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. H. Goodwin ◽  
C. R. Sopher
Keyword(s):  
Xanthomonas Campestris ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Homogentisic Acid ◽  
Brown Pigment ◽  
Pigment Formation ◽  
Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
The Media ◽  
Number Of Bacteria

The diffusible brown pigment produced by some strains of Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli was found to be due to the secretion and subsequent oxidation of homogentisic acid (2, 5-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid) rather than tyrosinase activity as previously reported. Homogentisic acid is an intermediate in tyrosine catabolism for a number of bacteria. Brown-pigmented strains appeared to be disrupted in tyrosine catabolism and could not use tyrosine as a nutrient. Nonpigmented strains, however, could utilize tyrosine as a nutrient, and although they secreted homogentisic acid, the levels were approximately 1/100th that of brown-pigmented strains. Production of brown pigment was stimulated by tyrosine and repressed by glucose. Growth in glucose resulted in a drop in the pH of the media, and the greatest pigment formation was associated with a shift to alkaline conditions in the culture media. By buffering the media near pH 7.0, brown pigment formation was repressed, even though unoxidized homogentisic acid accumulated in the culture media. The disruption of tyrosine catabolism corresponds to other reports describing differences between brown-pigmented and nonpigmented strains, and provides further support for the retention of a special taxonomic status for the brown-pigmented strains.Key words: homogentisic acid, pigments, Xanthomonas, fuscans.

scholarly journals Determination of Nutritional Composition of Ackee’s Apple Blighia sapida and Monkey Kola Cola millenii

2020 ◽  
pp. 127-136
Author(s):  
Oyetade Joshua Akinropo ◽  
Bello Lukman Abidemi ◽  
Adesiyan Blessing Adedayo
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mineral Analysis ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Fruit Samples

The proximate analysis of the fruit sample that homogenously sampled from the wild was taken and quartered to get appreciable weight fit for analysis. Due to it perishable nature the quartered sample for each of the fruit was stored in an air tight container and kept in the refrigerator at a temperature of about 4°C. For the determination of the nutritional composition, parameters which include their proximate, minerals, and vitamin C were quantitatively determined while the anti-nutrient composition were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed. Compared to ackee’s apple, monkey cola was found to consist of 64.41% moisture content, 1.69% ash, 10.21% crude fibre, 1.25% crude fat, 4.44% crude fibre, 18.06% carbohydrates while ackee’s apple consist of 73.21% moisture, 1.49% ash, 9.38 % crude protein, 13.98% crude fat, 2.08% crude fibre, 0.86% carbohydrates and 4.45% of vitamin C. The mineral analysis for both samples was quantitatively determined using Atomic Absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The minerals determined for ackee’s apple and monkey cola were magnesium which was 1391.65 ppm, calcium 628.23 ppm, sodium 506.96 ppm, potassium 3976.14 ppm, iron 1.0 ppm, copper 5.00, zinc 4.00, cobalt 3.0 and phosphorus 2616.90 ppm the iron however, was not detected. Ackee’s apple on the other hand, consist of magnesium 498.01 ppm, calcium 478.56 ppm, sodium 398.80 ppm, potassium 4970.18 ppm, copper 2.00, zinc 5.00, cobalt 3.0 and phosphorus 373.84 ppm. The qualitative screening of the anti-nutrients revealed the absence of phenol from both fruit samples while tannins were present only in the monkey cola. The flavonoids, phytic acid and oxalate were quantitatively determined to be 1240 mg, 625 mg and 155 mg for Monkey kola and 640 mg, 340 mg and 65 mg for Ackee’s apple.

scholarly journals Nutritional composition of 'Ponta Negra' forage sorghum silage enriched with dried Leucaena leucocephala forage

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2397
Author(s):  
Clésio dos Santos Costa ◽  
Rosane Cláudia Rodrigues ◽  
Ricardo Alves de Araújo ◽  
Francisco Naysson de Sousa Santos ◽  
Giovanne Oliveira Costa Sousa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Inclusion Level ◽  
Sorghum Silage

he aim of this study was to evaluate fermentation and chemical characteristics and the in situ degradability of sorghum silages enriched with dried Leucaena. The experiment was conducted as completely randomized design with four treatments (0 - control silage, silage without leucaena; 10.0, 20.0, or 30.0% inclusion of Leucaena) and five replicates, totaling 20 experimental units. The inclusion levels of leucaena influenced (P 0.05), with all silages having values above 90%. Gas loss decreased (P < 0.05) as the level of leucine increased in sorghum silage. A linear increase was observed for dry matter (P ? 0.0001) and crude protein (P = 0.0008) contents in response to Leucaena inclusion. There was a linear (P < 0.05) linear effect on neutral detergent fiber, hemicellulose and acid detergent fiber. As leucaena inclusion levels increased, for each 1% inclusion a reduction of 0.179 was observed; 0.059 and 0.119% for the values of neutral detergent fiber, hemicellulose and acid detergent fiber respectively. The inclusion of leucaena influenced (P < 0.05) the increase of silage lignin levels, probably due to the higher lignin content of the legume. The soluble fraction (a) of the silages increased along with the Leucaena inclusion levels, with highest values observed at the inclusion of 20 and 30% of the legume, respectively. Potential degradation (A) increased linearly with the levels of Leucaena added to the silage; the highest value for this variable was observed at 30% inclusion. Effective degradability (ED) increased up to the inclusion level of 20% (46.77%). Degradation rate (c) decreased markedly with the use of 30% Leucaena. The use of the forage part of Leucaena dried for three hours leads to reduced gas production, increased dry matter and crude protein contents, and decreased fiber contents. The degradability of dry matter increases up to the inclusion level of 20%.

scholarly journals Isolation and characterization of fungal and bacterial proteolytic strains from chrome shavings

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Ferdes ◽  
Rodica Roxana Constantinescu
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Fungal Strains ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Finishing Process ◽  
The Media ◽  
Specific Culture ◽  
Yeasts And Molds ◽  
Leather Finishing

The chrome shavings waste obtained as a result of the leather finishing process accumulates in a large volume in tanneries and represent a major problem for the environment. This waste are particularly resistant to attack of microorganisms, due to the significant concentration of chromium and are thus difficult to degrade. In this study, chrome shavings were analyzed microbiologically by determining the total number of germs and the number of yeasts and molds on specific culture media. Several bacterial and fungal strains were isolated from the cultures in Petri dishes, after the growth of the colonies. These strains were characterized in terms of the production of proteolytic enzymes, by a method of screening on the media with casein, which allows the determination of proteolytic indices of microorganisms. As a result of the tests performed, five bacterial strains probably belonging to the genus Bacillus and two fungal strains from the genera Penicillium and Cladosporium were selected.

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