scholarly journals Anatomical aspects of the ginger flower Etlingera elatior (Jack.) RM Smith, acclimatization with the usage of different nutritive solutions

2019 ◽  
pp. 708
Author(s):  
Jessé Marques da Silva Júnior Pavão ◽  
Evaristo Mauro De Castro ◽  
Selenobaldo Alexinaldo Cabral Sant’Anna ◽  
Thomé Rodrigues de Pontes Bomfim ◽  
A.F. dos Santos, J.G. da Costa, M.A. Souza, T.J.M. Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Tropical Species ◽  
Spongy Parenchyma ◽  
Transparent Plastic ◽  
Red Ginger ◽  
Nutrient Solutions ◽  
Etlingera Elatior

The Ginger flower, Etlingera elatior (Jack.) RM Smith (also known as torch ginger, ginger flower, red ginger lily, torch lily, wild ginger), belonging to the Zingiberaceae family, stands out with one of the main ornamental tropical species. The objectives of the present study were to establish an acclimatization methodology for in vitro cultivated cane seedlings, and to compare the internal structure of leaves of seedlings submitted to different nutrient solutions. The seedlings from the in vitro culture were transplanted into trays with inert substrate (expanded vermiculite + 10% sand), where they remained in a growth room with controlled temperature of 25 ± 2 °C and photon irradiance of 67 μm m-2 s-1. Moisture control was carried out by using a transparent plastic bag, which was removed after 15 days and shortly thereafter, the experiments were started with the use of nutritive solutions MS (Murashige & Skoog), BJ (Bolle-Jones) and HO (Hoagland & Arnon) at 35% of their ionic strength. For the anatomical study, transverse and paradermal sections were realized in the foliar laminae of seedlings in vitro, in period of acclimatization and in plants already established. The in vitro seedlings showed survival at 100% when transferred to the ex vitro condition. In the cross sections and leaf parser, anatomical differences between the seedlings of the different environments were observed. The abaxial and adaxial epidermis presented significant differences in the environments in which the seedlings developed, showing themselves to be thicker as the acclimatization period increased. The thickness averages of the palisade parenchyma did not differ statistically in the acclimatization periods and in the different nutrient solutions tested. On the other hand, those ones of the spongy parenchyma´s presented significant differences in relation to the nutrient solutions tested, evidencing in all evaluations the MS solution, which contributed the most to the development of the internal structures of the leaf (spongy parenchyma and central vascular cylinder). The highest stomatal density was observed in seedlings developed in vitro (250 stomata per mm2) when compared to those ones already acclimatized or even to that one of field, 200 and 190 stomata per mm2 respectively. The stomata of the Ginger flower leaves developed in vitro presented with polar and equatorial diameters greater than the stomata of leaves already acclimatized and as well as of field.

scholarly journals Morphological and phytochemical analysis of leaves and stems of Tetrapterys multiglandulosa CAV.

2020 ◽  
pp. 959-964
Author(s):  
Gilberto Gonçalves Facco ◽  
Eloty Justina Schleder ◽  
Natalia Yoshioka de Vidis ◽  
Maristela Halverson ◽  
Rosemary Matias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Circular Section ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Ethanol Extracts ◽  
Columnar Cells

This study aimed to carry out morphoanatomical, histochemical and phytochemical analysis of leaves and stems of Tetrapterys multiglandulosa Cav. (Malpighiaceae), a native plant responsible for abortion and sudden death in beef cattle. Plant specimens underwent anatomical study, in which leaves and stems were dried and ground with aqueous and ethanol extracts subjected to histochemical and phytochemical analysis. Anatomical observation of vegetative organs detected the presence of simple columnar cells in the adaxial epidermis, palisade mesophyll, parenchyma with a layer of cells and paracitic type stomata. Stem cross-sections presented circular section, single layer (uniseriate) epidermis with thick cuticle and Malpighi’s trichomes, the phelogen was in differentiation. The cortex showed angular collenchyma, parenchyma with exogenous channels and druse shaped calcium oxalate crystals. Phytochemical tests of aqueous and ethanol extracts of leaves and stems indicated the presence of phenolic compounds, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids and cardiotonic heterosides. Potentially phytotoxic secondary metabolites evidenced in the leaves and stems, including saponins and cardiotonic heterosides were correlated with clinical signs observed in intoxicated animals.

scholarly journals Leaf morphoanatomy of an endemic massaranduba from Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monick Lima Carvalho ◽  
Cláudia Elena Carneiro
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Vegetative State ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Iucn Red List ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Leaf Architecture ◽  
Chapada Diamantina ◽  
Anatomical Features ◽  
The Family ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

Abstract: The Sapotaceae family is recognized for its economic importance, presenting food, medicinal and timber potential. Pouteria andarahiensis T.D.Penn., popularly known as "massaranduba", is endemic to Chapada Diamantina, Bahia, Brazil, and is currently classified on the IUCN red list as "endangered". Pouteria andarahiensis is little studied, highlighting this work as the first anatomical study for the species. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy techniques were used to perform anatomical studies. The species showed characters shared with the family (laticifers and malpiguiaceous trichomes), as well as diagnostic characters and associated with xeromorphy. The data obtained from the leaf architecture can assist in the identification of the species in a vegetative state, while the leaf surface provided unpublished data to the species, indicating the presence of a cuticle with complex ornamentation. Stand out as xeromorphic anatomical features, high stomatal density, high number of trichomes per area, sclerenchymatic columns in the mesophyll and a subepidermal sclerenchyma layer connecting the vascular bundles in the mesophyll.

scholarly journals Morphophysiological responses of Billbergia zebrina Lindl. (Bromeliaceae) in function of types and concentrations of carbohydrates during conventional in vitro culture

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizangela Rodrigues Santos ◽  
João Paulo Rodrigues Martins ◽  
Luiz Carlos de Almeida Rodrigues ◽  
Andreia Barcelos Passos Lima Gontijo ◽  
Antelmo Ralph Falqueto
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
In Vitro Culture ◽  
Leaf Anatomy ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
Fluorescence Transient ◽  
Chlorophyll A Fluorescence Transient ◽  
Concentration Interval

Abstract When propagated in vitro, explants receive all the nutrients needed for their growth, including carbohydrates, from the culture medium. However, it is not well understood how the type and concentration of carbohydrates can affect the functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus (particularly photosystem II) of these plants. The aim was to assess the morphophysiological responses of Billbergia zebrina plants in function of sources and concentrations of carbohydrates during in vitro culture. Side shoots of plants previously established in vitro were individualized and transferred to a culture medium containing fructose, glucose or sucrose in four concentrations (0, 15, 30 or 45 g L−1). After growth for 55 days, the chlorophyll a fluorescence transient, leaf anatomy and growth were analyzed. The concentration and type of carbohydrate employed during in vitro culture did not decrease the photosynthetic apparatus performance. However, concentrations above 30 g L−1 led to anatomical modifications, revealing some degree of stress suffered by the plants. When grown in concentrations of 15 and 30 g L−1, irrespective of the carbohydrate used, the plants presented greater stomatal density. The supplementation of the culture medium with monosaccharides caused alterations in the development of the xylem vessels, such as increased number and diameter, allowing adjustment to the microenvironmental conditions. The in vitro conditions influenced the photosynthetic and anatomical responses of plants. The concentration interval from 15 to 30 g L−1 sucrose had a better effect by not causing large changes in the performance of the photosynthetic apparatus and anatomy of plants.

scholarly journals In Vitro Mutagenesis of Etlingera elatior by Gamma Ray Intermittent Irradiation

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmi Irmayanti Azzahra ◽  
Syarifah Iis Aisyah ◽  
Diny Dinarti ◽  
Krisantini Krisantini
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Ornamental Plant ◽  
In Vitro Mutagenesis ◽  
Split Dose ◽  
Etlingera Elatior

Etlingera elatior is tropical ornamental plant commonly called “torch ginger” from Zingiberaceae family. Conventional breeding of E. elatior is limited by cross incompatibility, poor fruit set and low seed production.  In this study irradiation of E. elatior with Gamma ray performed to induce mutation. This study was aimed to increase morphological diversity and to obtain unique morphological characters to increase the aesthetic value of E. elatior as ornamental plants and cut flower. Two genotypes of E. elatior, red and white flowers, were tested. The LD20, LD35, and LD50 were determined following intermittent (split dose) Gamma irradiation with a two-hour gap between each gamma ray shot. Red genotype E. elatior explants were irradiated with dose of 3 + 3 Gy (LD20); 4 + 4 Gy (LD35) and 5 + 5 Gy (LD50); white genotype were irradiated with a dose of 2 + 2 Gy (LD20); 2.8 + 2.8 Gy (LD35) and 3.7 + 3.7 Gy (LD50). Non-irradiated explants were set as control.  The results of this study indicated that the increase in dose of gamma ray irradiation changed shoot length and number of leaves in the red genotype per explant as compared to control. Morphological changes occurred in leaf shape at 5 + 5 Gy and 3.7 + 3.7 Gy and formation of variegated leaves at 2.8 + 2.8 Gy and 5 + 5 Gy. Keywords: mutation breeding, ornamental plant, split irradiation dose, torch ginger, Zingiberaceae

scholarly journals Impact of MS concentration and light qualities on alpine red ginger elongation and rooting in vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
Marcos o Vinicius Marques Pinheir ◽  
Alana Paula Chiavagatti Schmidt ◽  
Guilherme Masarro Araújo ◽  
Evandro Holz ◽  
Wagner Campos Otoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Red Ginger

scholarly journals Electrodeposited Platinum Iridium Enables Microstimulation With Carbon Fiber Electrodes

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena della Valle ◽  
Beomseo Koo ◽  
Paras R. Patel ◽  
Quentin Whitsitt ◽  
Erin K. Purcell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Minimal Scarring ◽  
Pulse Testing ◽  
Implant Tests ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Voltage Transients ◽  
Scanning Electron

Ultrasmall microelectrode arrays have the potential to improve the spatial resolution of microstimulation. Carbon fiber (CF) microelectrodes with cross-sections of less than 8 μm have been demonstrated to penetrate cortical tissue and evoke minimal scarring in chronic implant tests. In this study, we investigate the stability and performance of neural stimulation electrodes comprised of electrodeposited platinum-iridium (PtIr) on carbon fibers. We conducted pulse testing and characterized charge injection in vitro and recorded voltage transients in vitro and in vivo. Standard electrochemical measurements (impedance spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry) and visual inspection (scanning electron microscopy) were used to assess changes due to pulsing. Similar to other studies, the application of pulses caused a decrease in impedance and a reduction in voltage transients, but analysis of the impedance data suggests that these changes are due to surface modification and not permanent changes to the electrode. Comparison of scanning electron microscope images before and after pulse testing confirmed electrode stability.

Abstract 128: Leptin: A Regulator of Aldosterone Synthase Expression & Aldosterone Secretion in Visceral Adipocytes, in Mice

Hypertension ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J Belin de Chantemele ◽  
Anne-Cecile Huby ◽  
P. T Menk ◽  
Weiqin Chen ◽  
Brian Lane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Zona Glomerulosa ◽  
Aldosterone Synthase ◽  
Leptin Receptors ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Physiological Relevance ◽  
Aldosterone Production

Obesity is associated with inappropriately high aldosterone levels, which contribute to the development of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders. The origin of these high aldosterone levels is incompletely understood. We recently demonstrated that the adipocyte-derived hormone leptin regulates aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) expression and stimulates aldosterone release from adrenal zona glomerulosa cells. Recent studies demonstrate that adipocytes express CYP11B2 and secrete aldosterone. However, the mechanisms regulating aldosterone release from adipocytes remain unclear. Likewise, whether visceral (Visc) and subcutaneous (SubQ) adipose tissue contribute to a similar extent to aldosterone production is unknown. We tested the hypothesis that leptin increases adipocyte CYP11B2 expression and aldosterone production and investigated whether Visc and SubQ adipose tissues respond similarly to leptin. Immunostaining of mouse adipose tissue cross-sections and isolated mature adipocytes revealed that Visc and SubQ adipose tissue express leptin receptors. Treatment of mouse freshly isolated mature adipocytes, non-differenciated (stromal fraction) and differentiated adipocytes revealed that leptin dose-dependently increased CYP11B2 expression and aldosterone production in Visc adipose tissue only. Although leptin receptor and CYP11B2 levels were similar in SubQ and Visc adipocytes, SubQ adipocytes were unresponsive to leptin. The physiological relevance of these in vitro data was tested by measuring plasma aldosterone levels in mice deprived of adipose tissue (lipodystrophic mice) treated with leptin. Absence of adipose tissue in lipodystrophic mice blunted leptin-induced increases in aldosterone levels (WT-vehicle: 471±82 vs. WT-Leptin: 1699±396, p<0.05; KO-vehicle: 539±71 vs. KO+leptin: 787±156, NS). The human relevance of these data was determined by reporting that CYP11B2 expression gradually increased with body mass index in human mediastinal and omental fat depots. In summary these data strongly suggest that leptin regulates CYP11B2 levels and aldosterone release in visceral adipose tissue and that leptin-induced, adipocyte-derived aldosterone may contribute to obesity-associated hyperaldosteronism.

scholarly journals Application of brassinosteroid to Tabebuia alba (Bignoniaceae) plants

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
ELIZABETH ORIKA ONO ◽  
TERUKO NAKAMURA ◽  
SÍLVIA RODRIGUES MACHADO ◽  
JOÃO DOMINGOS RODRIGUES
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Indoleacetic Acid ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Stem Growth ◽  
Spongy Parenchyma ◽  
Petiole Length ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Fertilized Soil ◽  
Palisade And Spongy Parenchyma

The objective of this study was to observe the effects of brassinosteroid, gibberelin, and auxin application on the development and foliar anatomy of Tabebuia alba (Cham.) Sandw. seedlings. T. alba seedlings were grown in plastic bags with fertilized soil and treated with the following: 1- water (control); 2- brassinolide (BR1) 0.104 mM; 3- BR1 0.208 mM; 4- 3-indoleacetic acid (IAA) 0.2854 mM; 5- IAA 0.5708 mM; 6- GA3 (gibberellin A3) 0.1443 mM; 7- GA3 0.2887 mM; 8- GA3 0.072 mM + IAA 0.1427 mM; 9- GA3 0.1443 mM + IAA 0.2854 mM; 10- GA3 0.072 mM + BR1 0.052 mM; and 11- GA3 0.1443 mM + BR1 0.104 mM. Plant height and petiole length were measured before the treatments and 21 days after application of the growth regulators. These data allowed the calculation of stem and petiole growth rates. The results showed that GA3 + brassinolide produced the highest stem and petiole growth rates and brassinolide application stimulated petiole growth but not stem growth. The anatomical study of leaves showed alterations in blade and petiole thickness, palisade and spongy parenchyma height, and epidermis cells.

Anatomical Study of the Medial Ankle Ligament Complex

2002 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 547-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Peter Boss ◽  
Beat Hintermann
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Anatomical Study ◽  
Deltoid Ligament ◽  
Fibrous Layer ◽  
Ankle Ligament ◽  
Human Cadavers ◽  
Anatomical Relationship ◽  
Insertion Area

The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine insertion area, length and thickness of the various bundles and their anatomical relationship with inter-individual differences. Twelve ankles from human cadavers (ages 56 to 95 years, from nine men and three women) were dissected to the capsuloligamentous structures. Marked inter-individual differences were found for the five main ligaments (tibiospring, tibiocalcaneal, posterior and anterior deep tibiotalar and superficial posterior tibiotalar). The tibionavicular ligament is a thickened fibrous layer of the ankle capsule. The tibiocalcaneal and tibiospring ligaments are the longest, and the tibiocalcaneal and posterior deep tibiotalar ligaments are the thickest of these ligaments. Fibrils run in the direction of the tibia or dorsally. Knowledge of the deltoid ligament complex is necessary for anatomically and biomechanically correct reconstruction that provides stability without hazard to biomechanics of function.

Quality and Intensity of Light in the In Vitro Development of Microstumps of Eucalyptus urophylla in a Photoautotrophic System

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 754-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natane A Miranda ◽  
Aloisio Xavier ◽  
Wagner C Otoni ◽  
Ricardo Gallo ◽  
Kellen C Gatti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Fluorescent Lamps ◽  
Number Of Shoots

Abstract The quality and quantity of light are important factors in controlling in vitro plant growth in photoautotrophic systems. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of light quality (fluorescent, white, red, blue, red/blue, and distant red) on microstumps of a Eucalyptus urophylla clone in an in vitro photoautotrophic system, as well as the intensity of fluorescent light (60, 85, 100, and 140 μmol m–2 s–1) in the growth and production of microcutting. The number of shoots and microcutting, the size of the largest shoot, the stomatal density, chlorophyll, and carotenoid content were analyzed. Light quality altered plant growth, and fluorescent light intensity did not affect the microstumps’ production during the evaluation period. In white light-emitting diode (LED) light, there was higher production of carotenoids, with a lower initial production of microcuttings. A smaller number of shoots were obtained in blue LED. In general, the different qualities and light intensities tested allowed for the growth of the Eucalyptus urophylla clone grown in vitro, making it possible to obtain microcuttings under photoautotrophic cultivation. Study Implications In vitro propagation is a stressful process for plants and has limitations for commercial-scale Eucalyptus production. Fluorescent lamps, closed containers, and high sucrose concentrations are traditionally used. To reduce costs and improve production, the use of efficient light sources and photoautotrophic cultivation systems become alternatives. This study investigated the influence of light on the in vitro growth of a Eucalyptus clone in a photoautotrophic system. The quality was more important than the intensity of light. Foresters will be able to indicate the use of LEDs (light-emitting diodes) as a replacement for fluorescent lamps. This approach is useful in enhancing micropropagation techniques.

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